(3) Conservation tillage technology model: wheat machine harvesting and high stubble → straw treatment → corn no-till hard stubble sowing → field management (chemical weed control). Through straw mulching, deep soil loosening, chemical disease prevention and weeding, free

The use of technologies such as tillage and sowing has improved the comprehensive utilization rate of straw. Through the implementation of the comprehensive straw utilization project through the above projects, the intensity of farmers has been greatly reduced, and the problems of regional surplus and seasonal shortage of straw have been completely changed, and the problem of "farming without plowing" has been solved.

The lazy farming method of "planting in autumn without hoeing, and the ground is full of firewood" is generally recognized. At the same time, it has greatly promoted the comprehensive utilization of straw. The comprehensive utilization of straw has not only improved farmers' enthusiasm for applying new agricultural machinery and scientific farming, but also has reached a new level.

The full utilization of resources also eliminates the phenomenon of straw being burned and piled in the fields and in family courtyards, effectively improving the ecological environment and exerting good economic benefits.

Conservation tillage is the completely opposite farming model to traditional tillage. Mechanical methods are used to return straw to the field for mulching, without plowing, direct sowing, and subsoiling once every three years to facilitate soil water storage and reduce transpiration. Agricultural experts believe that,

This model is the most effective way to overcome drought constraints and develop circular agriculture in the north. This year, in the face of rare severe drought weather, conservation farming has highlighted its advantages. On February 28 this year, the front page of Shaanxi Daily read "Weibei 750,000

A special report was made on "Mu wheat fields do not show signs of drought in the year of severe drought". The reporter saw that the wheat fields under in Weibei were bright in color, with strong seedlings and vigorous tillers, and no signs of drought at all. Judging from the scale and time of the province in recent years, the protection

Conservation tillage reduces plowing at least twice a year and prepares the land twice, saving farmers more than 20 yuan per mu. According to Director Zhang, director of the Heyang County Agricultural Machinery Bureau, like this year's drought, compared with traditional fields, the income increased by at least 80 kilograms, and per mu

You can save 65 yuan and increase efficiency without any problem.

The developed "Corn Stalk Combine Harvester" has been applied for a patent project and has been transferred for industrial production, filling the domestic gap; the developed "Straw Crushing Covering Returning Field Deep Loosening Machine" was presented at the provincial machinery conference held in July last year.

At the subsoiling site and technology training meeting, 25 pieces of equipment were sold out.

Recently, the Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau has begun to comprehensively summarize the results of overseas training in recent years, and made a PPT for widespread publicity to promote the widespread promotion and application of technology throughout the province.

As the saying goes: You must first cultivate the land. This traditional farming method that has been passed down for thousands of years was broken by the 150th Group in 2008. The group broke through this inertial thinking and used new agricultural technology to try it on the wheat stubble fields after harvesting.

The "no-till method" was used to resow silage corn on 5,400 acres, with an average yield of more than 4 tons and an efficiency increase of nearly 1,000 yuan per mu, achieving the goal of harvesting two crops a year.

Wang Duo, an employee of Liangfan 4th Company, planted 100 acres of spring wheat last year. After the wheat harvest on July 6 last year, in order to seize the farming season, the League Agricultural Technology Extension Center and the company did not arrange plowing, but only carried out plowing on her wheat stubble field.

Rotary tillage, and dry teeth were installed at the sowing area in front of the seeder. The dry teeth cut through the wheat straw and weeds on the surface, and then the seed drill sown the corn seeds into the soil. After the direct seeding was completed, the used wheat fields were immediately laid.

Drip irrigation capillaries allow seedlings to emerge through dripping water, which saves about 12 days compared to the traditional planting mode of plowing, leveling the land and then sowing. On October 6 last year, her family's re-sowed silage corn began to be harvested, with a yield of 5.4 tons and a spring wheat yield of 410 kilograms.

, the two incomes far exceed the income of one season of cotton.

According to traditional farming methods, the land must be plowed and leveled before sowing, and then the seeds can be sown. With the no-till method, the land will not be turned uneven, and a modified seeder (a small plowshare is installed in front of the seeder)

), use a small plow to push aside the stalks and weeds on the surface of the ground to a depth that is just in contact with the soil, and then scatter the seeds into the topsoil. Since the topsoil has been covered by crops for a long time, it is generally moist and is rich in microorganisms. After the seeds are sown,

Water-saving drip irrigation technology can germinate quickly and take root easily. Moreover, after the seeds germinate, the straw and weeds on the surface become a protective layer to protect the seedlings.

The 150th Regiment is located on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in the Junggar Basin. Due to the continental arid climate and seasonal effects, it can only grow and harvest one crop of crops a year. The traditional farming method restricts land productivity and employee income.

The group broke through the inertial thinking of "farming must first cultivate the land" and boldly tried "cultivating without plowing", which showed many benefits of reducing costs, increasing production and environmental protection.

In farmland where no-tillage direct seeding is implemented, the yield may decrease slightly in the first one or two years. However, as the organic cover formed by straw residues on the surface becomes thicker and thicker, the soil quality will get better and better, and crop yields will also increase year by year.

The reason is that the crop straw mulch layer not only provides fertility, but also helps protect the soil and moisture; once the soil is plowed, the most fertile surface fertile soil will be exposed to the sun, quickly weathered, and then washed away by rain.

Or blown away by the wind. The no-till method protects this layer of fertile soil, and the remaining straw continues to decay, continuing to provide fertility to the soil.

In addition, since straw is returned to the field, combined with a certain amount of herbicides, high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides control weeds, diseases and insect pests, the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the soil and environment are protected.

More importantly, the no-till method allows soil microorganisms to reach a balanced level, and these microorganisms take on the task of "cultivation". When harvesting crops, the straw is returned to the field, forming a protective layer for the soil, maintaining soil moisture, and reducing manual labor.

Irrigation, which not only reduces the number of mechanical tillage and energy consumption, but also reduces the consumption of water resources. The implementation of no-till method eliminates the production link of plowing, saving time, effort and energy.

China's Qinghai Province is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Qinghai Province's agriculture is mainly concentrated in the Hehuang Valley and Qaidam Irrigation Area in the eastern agricultural area. The province's cultivated land area is more than 8.8 million acres, and there are 6.18 million acres of dry land in the mountains, accounting for 71% of the cultivated land area.

, which determines the basic characteristics of dry farming and water-saving agriculture in Qinghai Province.

In 2003, Qinghai Province clarified the goals and measures for the development of , and successively undertook national-level projects in Huzhu, Huangzhong, Xinghai and other counties, and provincial-level projects in Gangcha and Gonghe counties, as well as colleagues,

County-level projects have also been implemented in Minhe and other counties. These counties have successively carried out experiments, research and demonstration promotion work on wheat, rapeseed and other crops, and have begun to be promoted and applied in large areas. After several years of efforts,

It has achieved significant results in protecting the ecology, maintaining cultivated land and saving costs and increasing efficiency.

Qaidam Irrigation Area

Dear listeners, I am now at the cultivated land of Lei Wanfu, a villager from Xishangen Village, Nanmenxia Town, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County. After the autumn harvest in previous years, the first thing Lei Wanfu did on the cultivated land was to plow away the stubble on the surface of the cultivated land.

and weeds to the ground, and wait until the following spring to rake the surface to loosen, break it, and level it for sowing. However, now (it has entered November,) two or three months have passed since the autumn harvest, and Lei Wanfu has finished harvesting the ground.

Not only was the wheat in the fields not plowed, but all the straw that had to be collected after harvesting in the past was also left in the field. For farmers who are accustomed to taking away the straw to feed livestock or burn it, covering the farmland with straw means

What are you wearing?

In Lei Wanfu's words, this lazy farming method that does not require deep plowing not only saves time, labor and money, but can also increase crop yields and increase farmers' income.

“Reporter: When did your family start using no-till sowing technology?

Lei Wanfu: It's been about three or four years.

Reporter: How is it different from traditional farming technology?

Lei Wanfu: It means plowing the land less often. Our traditional farming method is to plow the land after harvesting, and then sow the land after it is leveled in the second year. No-till sowing does not require plowing, and the land is sown directly. The diesel used by the tractor during plowing is saved.

It also saves effort.

Qaidam Irrigation Area

Reporter: Just plowing the land one less time, saving time and labor?

Lei Wanfu: The oil is also saved. You can’t see it on one acre of land, but five or six acres will be more.

Reporter: The fuel used for tractor plowing is saved, which means the cost of farming is reduced. How many acres of land do you use no-till sowing technology?

Lei Wanfu: Five acres.

Reporter: What crops does your family grow?

Lei Wanfu: Wheat, rapeseed.

Reporter: Have there been any changes in crop yields?

Lei Wanfu: Higher.

Reporter: How much higher can it be?

Lei Wanfu: Half a bag."

Hehuang Valley

In fact, many farmers initially opposed . Conservation tillage, also called no-till sowing, is mainly aimed at the current excessive tillage operations in the agricultural production process. The soil surface is exposed for a long time during the fallow period, resulting in

Serious soil wind and water erosion, and the worsening ecological environment have led to the adoption of farming reform measures. Liu Yinglu, director of the village committee of Xishangen Village, Nanmenxia Town, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, told reporters: "Because conservation farming is completely different from traditional intensive farming:

When harvesting wheat, only the ears are cut; when harvesting rapeseed, only the rapeseeds, wheat stalks and rapeseed stalks are left in the ground and allowed to rot; in the second spring, the ground is not plowed, the ridges are not beaten, and the soil is loosened before planting.

Old men who have been growing crops all their lives think this is nonsense."

"Reporter: There is a big difference between no-till sowing technology and traditional farming technology. Will the villagers accept this farming technology at the beginning?

Liu Yinglu: I can’t accept it. The elderly people in the village don’t agree. They say we have never seen you young people farming like this.

Reporter: Why didn’t they agree?

Liu Yinglu: They think that the yield of farming this way is not high.

Reporter: Why did everyone accept this in the end?

Liu Yinglu: After several years of waiting and watching, I saw that this kind of farming does not require plowing, saves money and effort, and can also increase production. One acre of land can increase production by more than 40 kilograms."

For farmers to truly accept this new farming method, facts need to be spoken. Dou Quanxing, an engineer at the Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, said: “Because crop straw and residues cover the surface, surface runoff of rainwater and evaporation of water are reduced. In addition,

"The rotting of straw forms a large amount of organic matter, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops." In Dou Quanxing's view, eliminates several processes such as plowing, harrowing, grinding, and pressing in traditional farming methods, saving at least one mu of planting every year.

The cost is 40 yuan, plus the average yield of crops per mu is 20 kilograms, the average cost saving and income increase per mu can reach more than 100 yuan through the use of protective tillage. Moreover, protective tillage is conducive to reducing plant height, promoting the steady growth of stems, and improving the resistance of wheat.

Lodging ability.

“Compared with the traditional sowing method of tillage agriculture, one of the main features of the technology is that it eliminates the traditional plowing process and leaves the straw on the surface during the fallow period of the land instead of being turned over and buried in the soil.
Chapter completed!