The cement was placed in a small pottery bowl, and the color of blue and gray was the same as in later generations. Xiong Jing pinched it with his hands, it was very thin, and it felt like he touched the flour. Then he pinched the bottom of the bowl, and it felt a bit thicker.

What would happen if cement was not ground fine? He didn't know, no one knew, but not fine cement was always wrong, maybe the house collapsed when it was built. But think about it again, can't people eat without using fire? Penicillin cannot have children without invention? It is not at all. Cement should be called silicate cement.

This is what the Soviet Union called, and later generations have attacked. All high-tech products, such as tanks, missiles, aircraft, telegraphs, computers, etc., were invented by the Russians, but because of the decay and incompetence of the Tsarist government, all of these inventions were left on the drawings. However, cement was lucky, "The Soviet historical researchers revealed the authenticity of history based on conclusive and reliable information, and have confirmed that cement was invented by the Russians before 1824... The British Asdin just obtained the patent right in 1824...'

——To be more precise, it should be called Portland cement, which is not something that cannot be made without a 300 mesh sieve.

This is Xiong Jing's memory of later generations. At that time, he forgot why he understood cement. But this memory made him feel a little uncomfortable: whether it is the Chu people or the Qin people, all countries in the world are good, and they always have to sacrifice food before eating. What is the sacrifice food? Sacrifice food means placing some corn and meat and vegetables on a corner of the table, indicating that he did not forget the kindness of his predecessors in preparing food, so he had to pay tribute to him every time he had a meal.

The ancestors were simple and the descendants were not virtuous. Xiong Jing felt a little uncomfortable when he thought about this, but he felt heavy. The one he wanted to pay tribute to was probably all mankind.

"King?" The king pinched his hands in the bowl and didn't say anything for a long time. Tao Shu had to whisper to ask.

"Yeah." Xiong Jing came to his senses, "Somewhat is not fine."

"It's really not detailed." Tao Shu focused on it, "Ran Chen and others really can't think of a better way."

"A better way..." Xiong Jing came to see cement and also came to find a way to change the production process. "Take me to see the millstone."

In a shed in the concrete house, the millstone is actually an enlargement of the tofu stone mill: two stone mills with a diameter of about one meter and two overlap each other, and the crushed raw clinker is fed into the stone mill through the feeding port at the upper end, and driven by cattle. Perhaps the hardness of the cement raw clinker is far better than that of beans. A slightly smaller stone mill is opened and placed aside, and the grinding teeth on it have been ground very shallow.

Tao Shu said: "Reported to the king, the stone millstone must be strong, but if it is not strong, it will be like this."

"How many kilograms can I grind in a day?" Xiong Jing didn't care about the quality of the stone, he only cared about efficiency.

The metric system weights and measures have been used inside the Zaofu, and Tao Shu replied: "There may be sixty kilograms in a day."

"Sixty kilograms?" Xiong Jing was surprised first and then as usual. The ox drove the stone mill. It was good to have 60 kilograms a day.

"I have asked the king that I have asked people to search for the streams to build water mills, and the water mills are several times larger than the cow mills." The king inspected the Concrete Mansion, and the Gong Yin Dao naturally had to accompany him. The Yu Mansion was also there, and there were also Fengren and Situ. Fengren was in charge of building cities, equivalent to later architects or chief engineers, responsible for drawing drawings and calculating materials, and Situ organized construction.

"Several times that of a cow mill?" Before the reservoir was built, Xiong Jing still didn't know the efficiency of hydraulic power.

"Yes." Gong Yindao seemed to have done an experiment. "Water grinding is six or seven times faster than a cow mill. The grinding powder is rotated every time. If it turns too much, it will be more grinding. Therefore, I think water grinding can grind three or four hundred kilograms a day."

"Can you polish it fine?" Xiong Jing still felt that the cement should be fine, but he had no way to define how fine it should be. "Go and get the swimming ruler."

The accuracy of the vernier caliper can reach 0.05mm, so the thickness of the cement is defined by 0.05mm. The caliper was delivered soon, and then the officials and workers looked at each other in a daze as the king used the caliper to measure the cement powder.

"The raw clinker must be below 0.1 mm." Xiong Jing judged the standard of his hand. This method was exactly the same as judging the quality of cement in the 19th century. At that time, he could only twist the cement powder by fingers.

"Now!" Tao Shu and others agreed immediately. It is the rule that everything has been customized since last year. It is another matter if things are not done or not, but rules are rules.

"I thought, Fenggu Cart could be used to screen powder." Xiong Jing said again.

The Zaofu Wood Planting Zone has created two new things this year: one is a wheelbarrow, and the other is a wind valley truck. The wind valley truck removes impurities, sags and straw chips from the rice according to its weight. According to the same principle, raw clinker powder less than 0.1mm can be blown away by the wind, and the remaining powder greater than 0.1mm will enter the next millstone to continue grinding until it is blown to a qualified channel and sent to calcination or packaging. In Xiong Jing's imagination, this is a three-mill or even four-mill screening system.

However, even with such strict standards, he said that the required cement fineness is only between 60 square meters and 120 square meters/kg (0.1mm-0.05mm), which is about the cement fineness standard in the late 19th century. The fineness of coarsely ground cement in the early 20th century reached 200 square meters/kg, while the fineness standard of ordinary cement in later generations in China was 300 square meters/kg.

Cement fineness is related to concrete strength, but not to mention that Xiong Jing does not have better grinding tools, nor does he have such awareness. Cement fineness is so specified, and the grinding force can be hydraulic power, but it is best to be a steam engine. Only the steam engine can achieve large-scale cement production.

When thinking of the steam engine Xiong Jing, he looked at the engineer Yin Dao and Yu Yin. Newcastle-style steam engines were already being built. The Watt-type steam engine requires a high-precision boring machine. It is said that when this boring machine is machined with a size of 72 inches (182cm), its error limit does not exceed the "thickness of a thin 6pc silver coin".

Xiong Jing doesn't know how thick a 6pc coin is, but this must be very small, otherwise this will not be used as an analogy. Boring machines are a difficult problem, and then bearings. Yufu first used giant iron to make bearings, and then bronze. The bronze is wear-resistant than giant iron, and the roller bearings made are barely usable, but this is a wheel. If the steam engine turns, the stone mill speed will definitely be faster than the wheel. Can the bearings hold it?

The king looked straight at him. Gong Yindao and Yu Yin immediately sweated in their vests - there were too many things that could not be made. If the king was making trouble, they would naturally feel at ease, but the king was not making trouble at all. The things they created were important weapons of the country and were related to the people's livelihood and the country. How could they not sweat in their vests?

"It's troublesome to grind cement, what about calcining?" Xiong Jing finally took back his eyes and began to ask about calcining.

"Report to the king: the calcination is not yet fully grasped." Tao Shu said the truth. "It is similar to iron smelting. If it is burned once, it needs to be stopped. Four hundred kilograms can be burned every day. After cooking, the clinker is formed on the furnace bricks and needs to be crushed before it can be taken out."

"Oh. Four hundred kilograms." The calcination efficiency seems to be not low, at least it is enough. "How much coke is needed?"

"It's probably four hundred kilograms." Tao Shu replied. "I will discuss with Juti Mansion to try to improve the clinker fire cellar. This way, it will cost the most charcoal."

"Then try to improve it." Xiong Jing had some impression of the cement cellar. The cement kiln standing like a barrel of the cement factory should be the cement kiln. This is just the appearance and how it works inside. He didn't know at all. "How is cement used?" Xiong Jing asked again.

I don’t know the ratio of cement raw materials, and I don’t know the ratio of Xiong Jing, who has never been a plasterer, used cement. This also depends on the test of the concrete house using the exhaustive method. Fortunately, he knew that concrete is nothing more than water, cement, pebbles, and sand.

"Please, king." After seeing the mill, it's time to look at the finished cement products.

More than a dozen concrete pillars half a person tall and one person thick stand in the courtyard of the concrete mansion. Several pillars with poor matching ratios have not been formed at all, and the huge iron bars tied with hemp ropes are exposed. The other few have been cracked, and the pebbles and huge iron bars are looming. The last few remaining are humiliated, and their bodies are either cracked or bent.

"Please look, king." Tao Shu pointed to one of the cracked concrete pillars, "This may be the best."

The best representative is to use the least cement, compared to sand and stone, cement is the most expensive. Xiong Jing stroked it and asked, "How much does cement use it?"

"It weighs no more than 20%." Tao Shu said a number, which is the cement weight ratio, and Xiong Jing has no idea about it.

"Can you build a city?" Xiong Jing asked Xiang Fengren and Situ, who were experts in building a city.

"You can build a city!" The Fengren was about fifty years old and was wearing a doctor's uniform, but he did not speak like a court official, and was extremely radiant.

"Yeah." Cement is used to build cities, especially in Xiayi, where a strong city must be built to prevent the Qin army from going east.

"However, I heard that the giant iron is eighty coins per kilogram," the Fengren said again: "If it uses giant iron as its bones, its price will be high."

"Eighty pounds per pound are the old emperor's history." Xiong Jing smiled. Under the new accounting method, Juti Mansion finally took out the cost of crucible steel. However, the cost is still unclear because it involves depreciation and early investment. However, if a new factory with an annual output of 500 tons of magnitude is built, and if there is a stream near the forest, and the iron ore and coke can be blown through the river, the cost per ton of magnitude is about 3,000 yuan, that is, 0.75 yuan per pound.

If the Besmai converter steelmaking method can be achieved, the traffic conditions remain unchanged and there is hydraulic blowing, the cost of each ton of huge iron production will not exceed 1,000 yuan, that is, 0.25 yuan per kilogram.

3 tons of coal = 1.5 tons of coke + 1.5 tons of iron ore + several limestone = 1 tons of pig iron = 0.5 tons of giant iron

Among them, coal is the most difficult to dig, because the coal is tens of meters deep, but a worker in the earth coal mine can produce 1 ton of coal every day. When eating, it is good for workers to get 20 yuan a day. You should know that the official slaves in Qin who used labor to compensate for redemption only had 6 yuan a day for dry food, and if they didn't eat it for a day, it would be only 8 yuan a day. The work of Chengdan is not easier than digging coal.
Chapter completed!