College or primary school, which one is more important?

In China, this seems to be divided into two levels. On the one hand, many people believe that universities are more important. Their reason is simple - such a large country has almost no engineers, almost no technical personnel of its own, and almost no intellectual resources.

Serious shortages limit the development of the country's industry. Therefore, universities are more important, but they cannot deny that in order to build a new nation, primary schools are also extremely important.

As we all know, from the beginning of the Republic of China to the rejuvenation of China, this ancient country has been immersed in various difficulties and has been unable to move forward in a big way - including chaos, war, poverty, disease, disorder, ignorance and

Superstition, it can be said, and low education have seriously affected China's future. Every knowledgeable person knows very well that if China's large-scale ignorance and low popularity of basic education cannot be changed, the latter will directly become a national

The bond to move forward is just like it is now.

However, real needs force China to first establish university education to meet the needs of industrial construction and development. For this reason, as early as the late Qing Dynasty, universities had been established one after another, but the scale of those universities was

It is limited and far from meeting China’s needs.

It was under this general premise and out of its own needs that as early as the second year of the Republic of China, ** Company cooperated with Dehua University in Qingdao to establish the "Lianyun Branch of Dehua University", but this branch

The scale of the university is much larger than that of Dehua University, and in planning, this university even exceeds the understanding of universities in this era, at least in terms of its scale.

"For China, I hope that one day, Dehua University will become a gorgeous dream. For me personally, I hope that Dehua University will cultivate world-class engineers and become a catalyst to use

To reshape this gloomy, silent and sinking country."

When the Lianyun branch was founded, Li Zicheng, who was the chairman of the company at the time, had placed so much hope on this university. While he was full of hope, he naturally became determined to "do whatever it takes".

Two million yuan in school construction costs, and subsequent expansions, all bear witness to the company’s expectations for this university. And all the purposes are to make this university the first-class higher education institution in China, and even the world.

Institute of Science and Engineering.

In order to meet the needs of teaching, the company has made additional investments again and again, and has introduced professors and scholars from all over the world to the best of its ability. At the beginning, Dehua University was jointly established by China and Germany. German professors and scholars

become mainstream in this university,

By the third year of the Republic of China, before China and Germany declared war, 314 of the 387 professors were from Germany, and there were only a dozen professors from Britain, the United States and other countries. Since the end of the 19th century, German higher education has led the world in research, attracting

Students from various European and American countries challenge the classical education traditions of Oxford and Cambridge. Some critics point out that Oxford and Cambridge are still old-fashioned. It seems that university education is to cultivate gentlemen, with a one-sided focus on morality, character, and behavioral training. The curriculum is too narrow and cannot keep up with reality.

and the development of science and technology. Some people even further deduced that the "gentleman imperialism" fostered by Oxford and Cambridge caused the British elite to lack practical skills. As a result, in the 20th century, Britain was completely overtaken by Germany. Such gentleman education led to

The decline of the British Empire.

Naturally, under the influence of this kind of thinking and the large number of German professors and the use of German teaching materials, this school naturally had a strong German education style. At that time, this newly established university was educated.

It is regarded by the world as a higher polytechnic university that is “no different from Germany and generally excellent.”

Dehua University, which fully imitates the German higher education system, is as full of professionalism as any German university and cultivates specialized talents. However, the war in Europe changed everything. In order to ensure that the country is not

After the loss, China's "forced" declaration of war on Germany was accepted by the professors at Dehua University. Although it did not affect their teaching, the subsequent expansion of enrollment required Dehua University to further expand. At the same time,

Recruit more foreign scholars and professors to come to Dehua.

As early as when the company was founded, a plan had already been carried out, "to enroll 3,500 people in the first year, 4,000 to 4,500 people in the second year, 5,000 people in the third year, and 5,000 people in the fourth year."

From 6,000 to 6,500 students, until the annual enrollment stabilizes at 7,000 students..." This can be said to be an ambitious high-level plan.

This may be the "utility" of corporate education, and the reason for formulating this plan is actually consistent with the development plan formulated by the company. According to the company's plan, three and a half years after the establishment of Dehua University, that is, the first

After the first batch of students graduate, they will catch up with the company's great development period, so that they can become qualified technicians or researchers in practice. After the current students from the three circles graduate, the company will have the largest "technical team" in China.

", and within ten years, foreign technical personnel have replaced foreign technical personnel as the mainstream of the company's technical personnel.

Because of this plan, during the expansion process of Dehua University, it must be strictly implemented in accordance with this plan. However, due to the war, hiring scholars and professors from Germany became a failure, and there are still a few

German professors chose to resign after the declaration of war between China and Germany. When a school like this expands and the number of professors decreases, in order to ensure that the quality of teaching does not decrease, it is necessary to introduce professors from other countries.

In the end, the company turned its attention from Germany to the United States. Starting from the third year of the Republic of China, a large number of professors and scholars were introduced from the United States. Attracted by high salaries and sufficient research funds, although they were extremely eager for professors and scholars, they were unable to hire American professors and scholars.

In the process, the Dehua University Professors' Joint Conference gave full play to its autonomy and strictly controlled the appointment of each professor. Despite this, in less than two years, Dehua University still introduced 300 professors from the United States.

More than 20 professors and scholars.

Along with these professors, Dehua introduced the American higher education system. Since the end of the 19th century, American universities have expanded rapidly. This expansion of universities is due to the development of science and technology, the growth of population and the improvement of education.

Popularization. Therefore, research universities and undergraduate boarding college universities have become two important concepts that shape the development of American universities.

Compared with German universities, the advantage of American universities is that they do not have a system.* Therefore, it is difficult for people to summarize the achievements and experience of American higher education in one or two concepts. Between 1860 and 1910, American higher education was at the forefront of Germany's

Under the influence of the

Graduate schools are booming, and the output of local Ph.D.s has increased dramatically.

By the turn of the century, it was almost impossible to find a teaching position at a university without a doctorate. In 1901, Yale announced that it would use research results and national academic reputation as the criteria for evaluating professors. Stanford University even included professors' research results in its annual report

Announced. By 1910, the goals of universities were defined as creating knowledge and cultivating high-level experts in specific fields. The general education of the past, and the comprehensive cultivation of mind, wisdom, and character, seemed to have become obsolete.

This development has aroused opposition from many people in the education sector. In their view, the negative result of attaching importance to research is that undergraduate education has been neglected. The research institute is too large and has taken over the center of the university. Professors focus on research and regard teaching as a

A burden without enthusiasm. More importantly, the expansion of the school has made the relationship between teachers and students even more alienated. Students do not get necessary life guidance, but only learn some specific skills. They are knowledgeable but not moral. It is difficult to assume leadership.

Therefore, they emphasize that the purpose of universities is not only to impart professional knowledge, but more importantly, to "educate a complete person." Research universities are eroding the traditional humanistic values ​​of universities.

After those American professors came to Dehua, they did not agree with the "incomplete education" in Germany. In their view, German universities were overly specialized and cultivated specialized talents, but not complete people. In their words,

, Germans as individuals are outstandingly talented. As long as you look at the thinkers, scientists, writers, and artists trained in modern Germany, you cannot help but marvel at the creativity of the German nation. However, Germany as a whole has shown its performance time and again.

Disappointing.

As for this kind of "academic" conflict, the company has never intervened. After all, according to the regulations of the company founding the school, "from the date of handover, the company will no longer have any power over the school." In this conflict between German and American professors

In the academic conflict. In the end, both sides chose to compromise. After all, both are complementary and conflicting. In this complementarity and conflict, the balanced development of university education is maintained. Under this mutual influence, Dehua University is undergoing

Very obvious changes. First, it was changed from department to college, and all undergraduates were allocated to 12 colleges. In this way, each college became a small world where hundreds of students eat, live together, and have classmates, which is conducive to interaction between students.

.

Even under the urging of American professors, the undergraduate degree was changed from three years to four years, and the first two years of the undergraduate degree had to be spent in a boarding college. Most students stayed in the college for the entire four years. Each college

There is a resident dean. There are also a number of resident professors. In addition, each college also arranges "college seminars", which are held in the college in the afternoon and evening. Each class has a maximum of 18 people. Writing seminars are limited to 15 people.

It is also during this process that Dehua University has transformed from a "professional polytechnic" in the past to a college-centered general education that allows students to develop comprehensively in mind, knowledge and body. However, even so

, but this change was not completed overnight. At least for now, Dehua still focuses on research, and even this is also the coursework of most students.

For the students of the School of Engineering of Dehua University, perhaps the well-equipped laboratories have always been the place they are most proud of. Although the university dormitories seem a bit crude, they spend most of their time perfecting these

For design students, perhaps the laboratory is the most important.

"clatter!"

At the same time as the timer rang, Android Qin opened the electric oven and took out the baking pan. What he saw were extremely thin black bars. Before they cooled down, he used a magnifying glass to inspect the items on the tray.

Pen refills, the quality of each refill looks very good.

"How is it, Diligent, how is the development of the refill going?"

While Android Qin was waiting for the natural cooling of the pen refill, he heard a voice coming from the door. He knew who it was without listening to the voice. It was his friend Song Jiacheng. Like him, he was a student of the College of Engineering, and

No, the two are not from the same school, but this does not prevent them from becoming good friends. Even when everyone is busy working on graduation projects, the two of them are still pursuing the summer vacation a year ago. They arrived at

The dream I had when I was “supporting education” in Shaanxi.

"Support teaching" is a unique social practice of Dehua University. It often goes to remote areas far away from the railway line to serve as "temporary teachers" for two months, but it is based on individual volition. The vast majority of Dehua University students prefer to work in remote areas far away from the railway line.

They are engaged in social practice in the professor's laboratory or factory, but the two of them chose "support teaching" which only a very few people choose.

It was also at that time that those who worked as short-term teachers in company-funded primary schools in the Weinan area discovered that those primary school students who were eager to learn were never willing to write with pencils. The reason was very simple. A pencil cost five coppers, but

How many parents are willing to spend this money every few days? Therefore, primary school students practice calligraphy with wooden sticks on the ground most of the time. Only when doing homework are they willing to use pencils donated by the company to write.

Then they began to pay attention to this problem that no one had noticed, pencils, which are a necessity for students to attend class. But for the vast majority of poor children, it is not easy for them to go to school, and buying pencils invisibly increases the number of family members.

Burden. Although there are donations from the Ministry of Education and companies, compared with the needs of students, donations are only a drop in the bucket. Although using brushes seems to be economical, it increases the use of homework books and may contaminate materials that need to be recycled.

It can be said that textbooks, at least when it comes to calligraphy and homework, because pencils are so expensive, there are always problems of one kind or another.

Almost at the same time when they returned to school and launched the "One Eat, One Pen" student donation, they also began to research a "cheap" writing instrument. For this "cheap" writing instrument, they made a lot of attempts.

, finally, after walking around, they returned to the original starting point - the pencil.

The world's first pencil was invented in 1792. The structure of the pencil is extremely simple. Two pieces of wood are sandwiched with a core made of clay and graphite powder mixed together. This kind of pencil has been used for more than a hundred years.

, from the West until it was introduced into China during the Qing Dynasty, wooden pencils needed to be sharpened frequently in order to maintain smooth writing, so the service life of a pencil was extremely short.

The purpose of the two of them is to develop a "cheap pencil", but how can such a simple, already extremely cheap pencil become even cheaper?

Almost as soon as the two of them proposed this idea, they were met with confusion and even ridicule from the people around them. Is there any cheaper "pencil" than "pencil"? Whether it is confusion or ridicule from the outside world,

The first thing they wanted to do was to do everything possible to reduce the production cost of pencils. To this end, they went to the pencil factory to inspect the pencil manufacturing process. For these two students studying mechanical engineering, all they could do was improve the manufacturing process.

After a series of inspections, they spent half a year successfully reducing some costs by modifying production equipment and eliminating the need for paint on the pen barrel. However, this slight success was not enough. In the end, they chose another method.

Reduce the size of the refill, and it has even been proven through practice that the refill will last longer if the refill is thinner.

In order to make a thinner pen refill, Android Qin turned to studying chemical engineering to improve the formula of the hair core that has hardly changed for hundreds of years, thereby creating a thinner pen that does not reduce the strength of the refill.

The cost is reduced by reducing the diameter of the pen core. According to Andro Qin's idea, if the pen core is as thin as 0.7-1 mm, then there is no need to sharpen the pen tip. While he was developing the pen core, Song Jiacheng devoted himself wholeheartedly.

Designed to require no sharpening of pencils.

"Zi Yang, look!"

As soon as he saw his friend, An Deqin smiled and picked up a hair-thin refill and said.

"Graphite lead core is composed of graphite and clay. However, it is made so thin that in order to increase the strength, more clay must be added. Then there will be problems with unclear writing. During this period, I have been

Try this..."

"I have been trying to use other materials to improve the plasticity and adhesion of the lead core, thereby improving the molding performance of the lead core. This time I used maltose and tragacanth gum. In order to change the performance of the lead core, the materials were sintered in the lead core.

Later, oil immersion treatment was used to improve the physical properties of the lead core, such as wear, concentration, core tip force, slipperiness, hardness, etc. In this test, I used paraffin and beef and sheep oil.

The price of raw materials is not high. I did some calculations and found that the costs are within an acceptable range. If the refill meets the requirements, then the cost can be reduced by at least 30%. In this case, this is just the refill. If yours

There is no need to sharpen the pencil and it can be taken out again. Well...a box of refills is equivalent to twenty pencils and costs only three copper dollars. By then, everyone will be able to use pencils..."

While joking, Android Qin installed the pen refill on the tester to test its strength. At the same time, he took out a pencil box from the drawer, which contained several metal "no-sharpening pens". These were Song Jiacheng's early research

Results.

"Diligence, try this pen!"
Chapter completed!