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.. “Education and culture should develop the national spirit, self-government spirit, national morality, sound physique, science and life intelligence of the people... Pay attention to moral education... Complete their morality with aesthetic education... The state should pay attention to the balanced development of education in various regions,

and promote social education to improve the cultural level of the general public.”

The fourth year of the Republic of China

A book can symbolize many things, even things that people can hardly imagine. At this time, these simple books displayed in front of Li Zicheng symbolize some things, perhaps the most "" of an era.

Just like at this moment, what Li Zicheng was holding in his hands was a "primary school textbook" printed by Hope Bookstore in Lianyungang. This set of primary school textbooks was also among the thirty-two sets of textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education and "purchased with funds from the state treasury."

First, these thirty-two sets of textbooks were compiled by elites from various domestic bookstores over several years. Different from previous years when each school purchased them on their own, this batch of textbooks was purchased with funding from the Ministry of Education. All national primary and secondary schools only need

Just choose one set according to the sample and submit it

Different from previous years where most of the textbooks were printed on ordinary paper, this batch of textbooks is extremely exquisitely printed, and it can even be said that no expense was spared. Each textbook is several times higher than in previous years. Not only are the written materials printed on hard paper, but the paper

It also uses A-level printing contract workers, and even contains a large number of color pages. Even the domestic primary school textbooks that Li Zicheng has come into contact with in later generations cannot compare with it. The reason for this is to recycle the most ""

According to the regulations on textbooks formulated by the Ministry of Education, while providing free textbooks, a policy is to provide beautifully printed textbooks to students for free at the beginning of each semester and collect them at the end of the semester. This has two benefits: First, it can save education funds.

, reduce the public’s education burden, and secondly, it can cultivate students’ book-loving habits

According to the book use requirements, textbooks are school property and are numbered along with the desks and chairs. Students cannot scribble at will. During class, they use pencils to highlight supplementary information and write them in notebooks to do exercises and have special exercises to keep the textbooks as well as possible.

At the end of the semester, return the books to the teaching school to check the integrity of the books. If they are worn out, replace them with books.

According to estimates from the Ministry of Education, an average of 70 to 80% of textbooks can be saved across the country every year. The main reason why a large number of textbooks can be saved is because these textbooks are hardcover and durable, and schools use classroom training to tell students to take good care of their textbooks.

They regard the coming education as their duty and honor

In later generations, when he visited foreign countries with his leaders, Li Zicheng admired the textbook recycling system in foreign countries the most. If textbook recycling is implemented, it will produce many benefits such as reducing the burden on parents and protecting the environment. Of course, the most important thing is that oneself

I developed the habit of "loving books" at a young age, but in later generations China has been recycling textbooks for decades. The official explanation is "advancing with the times, knowledge", but what is the reality? According to a person who is in the teaching material business

My friend said that in the final analysis, it is for the sake of profit.

In the official world, there are tens of thousands of "civil servants" who compile textbooks and approve them every year. This is also a piece of meat for enterprises. The printing of billions of textbooks every year brings a market worth tens of billions and is beneficial to thousands of individuals across the country.

They make a living by chewing textbooks, and for the school, the textbooks are also a piece of "fat meat". In the face of such an interlocking market, who can give up? Therefore, the textbooks are changed every year, and they are changed every day.

However, the purpose of changing things over and over has long been no longer to "educate children", but to "eat students" and "gnaw students" in a veritable way.

However, although the compilation of textbooks here is extremely important to every bookstore in the country, unlike later generations, almost as soon as the Ministry of Education launched this policy, both bookstores and compilers expressed their approval and support, and the reason for this is

I saw the benefits brought by the recycling of textbooks in schools along Longhai. Students no longer need to pay for books. Anyone can enroll in school with only a few copper coins as a registration fee. For those who make "education as a career"

That's exactly what they want to see

In order to print textbooks of high quality, various bookstores purchased high-end printing presses last year, not for the purpose of making money, but for the sake of social responsibility. Perhaps, it is under this premise that these books can be compiled by Li Zi.

A truly satisfying teaching material

Different from the "unified textbooks" of later generations, what the Ministry of Education now adopts is the "approval system", which means that the national education administration department, according to the promulgated curriculum standards for primary and secondary schools, through its own textbook approval agency, reviews the relevant publishing units

All kinds of edited textbooks are reviewed and appraised. After passing the review, they are allowed to be published and distributed. Compared with the national ideal, this system undoubtedly leaves a larger space for freedom in the compilation and publication of textbooks.

Just like the compilation of these thirty-two sets of textbooks compiled by various bookstores, there are two characteristics. One is its folk nature. The private sector has greater autonomy in compiling textbooks and only needs to submit them to the Ministry of Education for review;

The compilers are all domestic first-rate educators with modern ideas, which naturally embodies the basic concepts of education at this time.

"E, the one who gave birth to Polygonum, E and I mourn my parents. I was the one who worked hard to give birth to Polygonum. I, the one who stole the Polygonum, mourned my parents. I gave birth to me because of the exhaustion of the bottle. It is a disgrace to the people. It is better to die for a long time without a father."

Who is my father? Without a mother, what can I rely on? When I go out, I hold my shirt, and when I go in, I am exhausted. My father gave birth to me, and my mother bowed to me, picked me up, and cared for me.

The sky is very fierce in the southern mountains, and the wind blows and harms the people. What harm can I do?

Reading this article, which is about commemorating the hard work of his parents, Li Zicheng just smiled with satisfaction.

Li Zicheng also strongly agrees with this set of teaching materials. In his opinion, this set of teaching materials is obviously more suitable than the teaching materials of later generations. It promotes learning and theory without forgetting the virtues of China. The foundation of traditional teaching is to educate people and enable students to have freedom.

Develop the ability to think; enable students to read simple ancient books so that students can write fluently and grammatically; make students interested in studying Chinese linguistics. This is the foundation of Mandarin.

This set of primary school Mandarin Chinese compiled by Hope Bookstore has a total of 6 volumes. Each volume has about 50 to 70 texts. Most of the textbooks talk about life cultivation and national spirit. The editing intentions of the conservative or local editors hired from all over the country are very clear.

The collected works roughly reflect four themes.

The first is "love and sincerity", which describes the love of relatives and friends and the spirit of giving material benefits to others; the second is "national consciousness", which is about defending the country and resisting humiliation and carrying forward the national spirit; the third is "academic cultivation, about knowledge and personality

The fourth part of cultivation is "physical and mental cultivation" regarding appreciation, fitness and entertainment.

Because Mandarin textbooks are undoubtedly the most important medium for cultivating humanistic qualities. They impart knowledge while subtly influencing the soul. Therefore, the shaping of students’ personality, and even the shaping of a generation’s personality, cannot be underestimated. Therefore, in Li Zicheng

Under the emphasis of the bookstore, it can be said that it is very cautious when compiling Mandarin textbooks.

According to his ideal model, this set shows students a brand-new spiritual world. What is important here is truth, goodness and beauty. There is no room for pretentiousness, exaggeration, hypocrisy and flattery, and there is no need for boring political preaching. In the vast sea of ​​ancient and modern texts, it must be precise.

Selecting famous articles with flesh-and-blood stories, sublime literary talent, and can be used as model essays for young people is actually a voluminous and very difficult systematic project.

Fortunately, this set of Mandarin language textbooks compiled with the efforts of hundreds of people has been well received by the domestic education circle after it was formulated. There is no so-called dispute between revolution and Chinese studies in this set of Mandarin language textbooks, but only the inheritance of cultural traditions. All the editors

They all have ardent expectations and the geographical rationality of their fathers to shape the ideal image of the future Chinese youth through the education of this textbook.

"Why, are you reading this textbook again?"

Looking at Li Zicheng with a smile, who seemed to be unable to put down the textbook, it was hard for Mu to imagine that as the prime minister of a country, he would take time out almost every month to consult on the compilation of primary school textbooks, and even review the textbooks in person.

He once specially invited members of the compilation committee to discuss textbook compilation matters with them. His serious attitude was far beyond the imagination of the outside world.

"Ou Chu, my understanding of education is based on the understanding of an ordinary person."

Putting down the thick textbook, Li Zicheng said very seriously

"But I care about China today, and I also care about China's future. All Chinese people who are living in this moment know that our country is now in the midst of a huge transformation. In what way will this transformation unfold? In the most fundamental sense,

It is said that it is related to education, what level a country's education can reach, what kind of state the country's civilization is, or in other words, what is the level of general education, especially basic education, middle school, and primary school?

What kind of standard is this country?”

When he said these words, Li Zicheng's expression became very serious. When he founded Dehua University three years ago, what Li Zicheng considered was to concentrate on creating a first-class science and technology university in the world, and he would spend huge sums of money.

The university that was built was home to world-class scholars. However, in the following years, this attitude changed fundamentally.

"Is the standard of primary school equal to the standard of the country?"

Mu was stunned by Li Zicheng's words. Out of practicality, he turned to professional education and higher education, just like the secondary and tertiary colleges along Longhai and Dehua University, which is the highest institution of higher education.

The company fully supports

"In the 19th century, when Prussia defeated France, someone said this: "The rise of the German nation was decided on the podium of a primary school teacher." During my study tour in Europe, I once visited a remote town in Germany and saw ten

German teaching wall chart from the ninth century: world map. A seven or eight-year-old German primary school student knew what the Great Wall looked like, the seven continents of the world, and basic scientific knowledge. I also saw the complete chemistry and physics that were preserved at that time.

After seeing these in the biological laboratory, I know the degree of civilization of a nation..."

When Li Zicheng gave this example, he was actually citing the research of later Chinese scholars in Germany.

"Just like me, when I started to pay attention to education because of the needs of the company, I mainly focused on universities at first. Only universities can determine the level of civilization of a nation, so I focused too much on the top universities in the world.

I will particularly yearn for universities in China, envy those academic masters, yearn for the talents cultivated by those academic masters, and yearn for the inexhaustible intellectual resources of developed countries. But as time goes by, as time goes by,

As I grow older, as my knowledge grows, especially my understanding of reality, I find that middle school is more important than university, and elementary school is more important than middle school."

When mentioning this seemingly simple but actually very complex issue, Li Zicheng became serious. His past experiences gave him too many revelations, and it was these revelations combined with his understanding of this era that made Li Zicheng

He just discovered that primary school is far more important than he imagined

"It can be said that primary school is the most important. If there is no good primary school, there will be no good middle school; without good middle school, there will be no good university. Of course, there are many people who hold the opposite opinion. When compiling textbooks, some people

Debating this issue with me, they said that without a good university, where would the teachers in middle schools come from? Without a good middle school, where would the teachers in primary schools come from? Therefore, we must first run a good university. This may be seen as a circular problem.

But for now, there should be no problem with "elementary school is more important than university", because not everyone has to receive a college education. Under the premise of compulsory education, almost all Chinese people will have to receive a primary school education in the future.

, I just said that primary school textbooks, especially primary school Chinese textbooks, represent the bottom line of a nation’s civilization. This sentence has also been widely quoted by some people. Why is it called the “bottom line”? If we say that the height of our civilization is determined by the top

Determined by intellectuals, then in a bottom-line sense, the standard of civilization of a nation as a whole is determined by all Chinese people. What kind of primary education all Chinese people receive is basically what this nation is like."

When mentioning this view, Li Zicheng's mind came to mind: Mr. Li Shenzhi, the former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was born in 1923 and received education in the Republic of China. What impressed him most was not university, but primary school and junior high school.

Among them, the most impressive class was not mathematics or Chinese, but the civics class. He said that the set of books he read at that time was published by the Commercial Press. He estimated that there were about millions of people who had read the same set of textbooks as him at that time.

At that time, education was not yet universal, so he had an impression: These people who received primary and secondary education in the 1930s, by the early 1950s, that is, the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, happened to be the main force in society, and

At that time, the social atmosphere was relatively good. If it was not yet possible to "keep the house open at night and not pick up things on the road", it was almost there. Some people think that the good social atmosphere at that time was due to political reasons and the change of dynasties. But Li Shenzhi said that it was

It is caused by education, because the main population of these people in society received civic education when they were young.

It is precisely because of this that another one will be opened outside of, and according to Li Zicheng's vision, the future China will not be composed of a group of citizens who bear responsibility for the country, but an equal country composed of hundreds of millions of free citizens. Equality and

Freedom is too important, even too important, for this ancient nation that is accustomed to slavery and being enslaved.

"Five years ago, the Republic replaced the monarchy, and the Republic of China overthrew the Manchus. In the eyes of the people at the time, it was nothing more than an earthquake, which gave countless hopes of a strong country and a strong race. However, how to become "strong", the elites were mostly confused. In fact, they

They are all taking a detour,"

The corners of his lips were slightly raised, and there was a hint of ridicule on Li Zicheng's face.

"Strength is not just strong on the surface. If Japan did not have decades of compulsory education, how could it have won the Sino-Japanese War? How could it have won the Russo-Japanese War? Now, our industrial development is the key to a strong country.

Yes, creating a modern army is also the way to strengthen a country, but what is the foundation of a strong country?"

Looking at Mu who seemed thoughtful, Li Zicheng smiled.

"Education, education is the foundation of a truly powerful country, and this is not the purpose of cultivating how many college students, how many experts, or how many geniuses. In fact, the goal of education is very simple, which is to make an ordinary person become a mentally sound person.

People become normal people in a civilized society. The school only has one mission, to cultivate ordinary people; it does not bear the responsibility of cultivating "geniuses" and "people". The school does not bear the responsibility of cultivating Freud and Einstein... It is not for

Cultivating scientific geniuses is not about cultivating artists and artists. Can Beethoven and Mozart be taught in schools? They themselves are gifted talents. Geniuses are not provided by school education. They can be taught by themselves in any environment.

Way to stand out? Of course, the school will provide him with some opportunities..."

Speaking of this, Li Zicheng raised his voice slightly

"Modern society is not just a society with highly developed science and technology. In essence, modern society should first be a civil society. What is civil society? It is a democratic and legal society, an equal society, and a constitutional society. What we need to build is a civil society.

We cannot place our hopes on the arrogant powerful. Only by cultivating children’s awareness of equality from an early age, allowing them to learn to exercise their civil rights, fulfill their civic obligations, and allow them to grow into people who shoulder civic responsibilities can we create a better future for China. So..."

Li Zicheng packed a box of elementary school textbooks in his hand and stroked the elementary school textbook with his hand, Li Zicheng said in a very serious tone

"Primary school, primary school is the foundation. Primary school is the most important of all education. What you learn there will affect everyone's life." (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to vote for recommendation.

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