Chapter 276 Pangu(1/2)
From the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1910 to 1935, under the long-term promotion of the Imperial 1540 education program, Imperial Education has more than 7,400 junior college schools and 415 higher education institutions, and trains 1.8 million junior college graduates and 160,000 college students every year.
With the long-term implementation of the "Two Ten Thousand Talents Plan", the empire has maintained more than 10,000 overseas students in Britain, the United States, Germany and France every year, and about one-quarter of them have obtained a doctorate degree from overseas universities.
By 1935, the Empire had planned to introduce more than 7.8 million foreign populations from overseas through skilled immigration, among which the foreign middle and senior technicians, engineers, scientific researchers, scholars, doctors, scientists, faculty and staff accounted for about 14 of the total.
There are more than 15,500 engineering experts only in internationally renowned scientists who are qualified to be included in the jurisdiction of the State Administration of Foreign Experts.
It is precisely with this foundation that China can replicate Germany's miracle before World War I in the 1930s, and quickly became a world science and technology power through government support and enterprise-led scientific and technological research. From 1933 to 1935, Chinese scientists
He and scientific research institutions have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, and the Nikola Tesla Jazz Science Award organized by the Imperial Central Academy of Sciences are also regarded as the highest award in international applied science, representing the highest honor.
Before 1928, the Empire's scientific and technological research was mainly catching up with European and American powers. After 1930, the Empire's scientific and technological research was almost at a higher level. From 1925 to 1935, the Empire had been doing so for the past ten years from 1925 to 1935.
It is the country with the largest scale of scientific research expenditure in the world. Especially during the Great Depression, the Empire's scientific research investment accounted for almost 80% of the world. In the past five years, the Empire has also widened the gap with Britain, the United States, Germany and France.
It is a critical period for becoming the world's most powerful country in the field of science and technology.
However, this leading position is still in a relatively weak situation. In order to catch up with the gap, after the economic recovery, Britain, the United States, Germany, the Soviet Union and Japan have increased their investment in science and technology research and development, especially the United States, Germany and the Soviet Union, whose investment scale is unprecedentedly strong.
In order to maintain its weak technological leadership at this stage, the Empire continued to increase its investment scale. It still firmly accounts for about 50 of the world's total in terms of the scale of scientific and technological R&D capital investment, and in terms of the total number of scientific researchers and average education level
, Empire also occupies a leading position in the world.
Technology is the primary productivity.
This simplest truth has reached an consensus across the entire empire.
It is on this basis that by the end of 1935, the Empire had completed two new technologies with great global nature.
The first new technology is the crystalline straight-routing method of semiconductor materials. Since its establishment in the 201 project, the Empire has included this technology in its research scope and invited the Polish scientist Jian Qiu, who discovered this industrial technology feature in 1915.
Krasky came to China to serve as the chief scientist of the China Semiconductor Industry Research Institute.
In the past twenty-five years, the Empire has continuously invested money in related research, and combined with reverse research, it has gradually explored more efficient crystalline direct drawing methods for more than 20 different semiconductor materials such as silicon and germanium.
Process, and found a more special new generation of semiconductor materials that can only appear under complex processes such as gallium arsenide and aluminum arsenide.
As this process technology enters the industrial scale production stage from the laboratory of the institute, this means that the imperial transistor research has entered a new stage. On this basis, the Central Computer Research Institute has also launched the development project of a brand new crystal computer.
The secret use of integrated circuits within the empire will also enter a new stage.
At this stage, transistors and integrated circuits are only limited to military uses, which will play a huge role in promoting the special development of radars, computers, etc.
Judging from the development of the entire world's industrial history, China in the 1930s seized the last bus of the secondary industrial **, and became a world's industrial power with its population and resource advantages, and seized the third time in the world.
Industrial** morning bus.
In the 1930s, copiers, fax machines, televisions, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, radars, sonars, turbojet engines, oil pumps, diesel engines, penicillin, penicillin, computers, color film, plastics, chemical fibers,
Fiberglass, credit cards, vertical and horizontal automatic telephone switches, nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers, missiles, transistors... Everything that changed human history was born in this decade, or matured in this decade, or started in this decade.
The lucky thing about the empire is that it became the most economically powerful country in the world during the Great Depression and has the strongest scientific and technological research and development capabilities, and has taken the opportunity to widen a certain gap with Europe and the United States.
Among these new world industrial technologies, there are two very important industrial technologies. The empire maintains its leading position with absolute advantages and is difficult for Europe and the United States to catch up in a short period of time. The first is the semiconductor industry mentioned earlier, and the second is
Nuclear industry.
The Empire invested 25 years in the crystal industry before completing the basic work of the entire semiconductor industry in three national scientific research centers, including the Central Computer Research Institute, Northeast Electronics Research Institute, and Jiangnan Electronics Research Institute.
China Yuan has completed the great** of the semiconductor industry from the era of invention of basic research to the era of mass production.
In the nuclear industry, although the United States and Germany are developing science and technology in this field, the United States also established experimental graphite reactors at the same time, but the Empire built the first commercial heavy water reactor nuclear power plant in Lake Achit, Mongolia.
.
After the completion of this nuclear power plant, the Empire will have weapons-grade plutonium-239 to manufacture six atomic bombs every year. The Empire's atomic bomb project has officially determined two plans. Plan 1 is a plutonium bomb and Plan 2 is a uranium bomb, because
The plutonium bomb has a reference design and some samples. The No. 1 program has made the fastest progress. It is expected that the first nuclear explosion test will be conducted in the second half of 1936, and the relevant experimental sites are already under construction.
A prominent feature of Empire Technology is that it invests in key areas with relatively more obvious advantages. The six fields of nuclear, electronics, metallurgy, heavy machine tools, electrical and aviation are the areas where Empire pursues a comprehensive leading position, and in basic industries and other industries.
The leading advantage in the field is not great, and there are even some shortcomings compared to Britain, France, the United States and Germany.
...
In 1936, no matter how many possibilities there were before and how many hopes the emperor himself had, Gu Weijun still defeated Chen Qimei, Ouyang Xi, Yang Zhaolin and Wang Zhaoming in the party indisputably, becoming the candidate for prime minister nominated by the Restoration Party.
In the congressional election, the Restoration Party once again defeated the Democratic Constitutional Party led by Song Jiaoren.
Since then, Gu Weijun officially became the sixth Prime Minister of the Central Cabinet of the Empire, and he seems to be destined to become the most famous prime minister in the history of the Chinese Empire.
In February 1936, in the second naval treaty negotiations held in London, in order to ensure that China could continue to sign the treaty, Britain and the United States agreed to give China the same naval treaty standards as Britain and the United States during the negotiations, while Japan continued to maintain the original treaty standards.
Japan, who was determined to withdraw from the treaty, took the opportunity to protest strongly and eventually withdrew from the treaty. China, which was also unwilling to be restricted by the treaty, announced its withdrawal. After China, Japan, Italy and Italy withdrew, Britain, the United States and France could not reach a meaningful naval force.
treaty.
Since then, the Washington Naval Treaty has ended completely and the World Navy Holiday has ended since then.
In mid-March shortly after withdrawing from the treaty, the Chinese Ministry of Defense announced a new central naval construction plan, formally proposing to build four Eastern Emperor-class high-speed battleships within four years, and call them "the ultimate battleship in the world" with the design standard
With a displacement of 50,000 British tons, Japan secretly plans to build four Yamato-class battleships to maintain an absolute advantage over the Chinese Navy.
In fact, the design displacement of the emperor-class high-speed battleship is only 48,500 tons, and there are only two real construction plans. The first is the Eastern Emperor, referred to as the Eastern Emperor, and the second is the Chinese Emperor, referred to as the Chinese Emperor, as the Chinese Emperor, as the Chinese Emperor, as the Chinese.
The three Far East and the fourth Shenzhou are all purely fictional, with only detailed and realistic intelligence records such as numbers and appropriations for reference by Japan.
Burying under the world battleship construction plan with a very aggressive and symbolic name of this class, the Imperial Navy is really going to develop a new generation of Northwest-class aircraft carriers, which will have a ski jump deck for the first time.
The Empire was not unable to build steam catapults, but on the specifications of the 50,000-ton aircraft carrier, after repeated calculations and tests, the Empire still believed that the steam catapult device consumed too much power to the boiler, and it also maintained high-speed navigation at the same time, and also ensured steam.
The difficulty of catapults is too great. If the boiler power is used for the power part of the steam turbine, the use of a sliding deck is enough to ensure the takeoff of the turbojet fighter.
The same is true for Song Biao's opinion. Unless a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is used, the steam power is almost infinite without any obstacles, at the level of a 50,000-ton aircraft carrier, a simple structured ski jump deck is not only cheap but also more reliable.
But on the two North China-class aircraft carriers expected to be built on a small scale in 1940, the Empire will still install the latest models of steam catapults to accumulate experience in the Navy in this field.
After China and Japan successively withdrew from the Washington Naval Treaty, the shipbuilding plans of both sides in 1936 were very crazy, and it was an obvious naval competition. The Japanese Navy not only wanted to build four Yamato-class battleships, but also eight.
Heavy cruisers and 2 aircraft carriers, while the Empire built two Emperor-class battleships, four Northeast-class aircraft carriers, and two Northwest-class aircraft carriers to build a large number of escort cruisers and destroyers around the huge fleet of aircraft carriers.
One step ahead is genius, and being too far ahead is suicide.
The Empire has been honing its aircraft carrier-centric theory for seven years, and it was not until this time that the time was extremely ripe, but no one can guarantee that such a strategic change will succeed. Therefore, the emperor-class battleship is an important one.
In addition, the allocation of funds still needs to be allocated, and the technical demonstration that should be carried out must continue. The next-level battleships must continue to invest their energy and funding research. If something is found to be wrong, the empire will still adjust its strategy at any time and re-construct the battleships.
There is no military situation. A country like Japan can gamble, while a world power like the Chinese Empire cannot gamble on national destiny. Everything must be absolutely safe. Song Biao cannot say to the navy firmly, "Don't worry, the future will definitely belong to an aircraft carrier."
As long as the Navy retains the technical manpower and funding for battleship pre-research, it will not interfere with the Navy's rapid development towards the aircraft carrier center.
Registration plan.
In fact, what really makes the battleship stare into the coffin is not the aircraft carrier itself or the more advanced carrier-based aircraft, but the two era killing weapons, radar and new torpedo.
Large carrier-based radars can detect opponents' battleships dozens of nautical miles away, whether it is day or night, and the aircraft carrier is fast, which means that the aircraft carrier can fight if it is in a duel with the battleship, and it can't be beaten.
In a special position, the speed of the aircraft is always faster than that of the battleship, and the range of the artillery shells of the battleship cannot exceed a distance of nearly a hundred kilometers.
The aircraft carrier can attack opponents outside the range of the battleship. Even if the battleship can defeat dozens of dive torpedo bombers with its own air defense power, as long as one torpedo is hit, the winner and defeat of both sides will be decided.
This is not a fair showdown at all.
Radars and reconnaissance planes have nowhere to hide battleships in the vast sea. As long as the aircraft carrier wants to find a battleship in the surrounding waters, it is always easy to launch an attack on it.
However, the Chinese and Japanese navies must be fighting in the offshore areas. In this case, battleships still have a lot of room for play, and not building battleships at all is not the correct strategy.
But then again, although the central government's finances were tax cuts and deficits, the central government's revenue was 585 million yuan for the Navy. Japan once again used one-third of its fiscal revenue to the Navy, but it was only 530 million yuan.
JPY.
The empire was always ill-hearted, and in addition, it sold central investment assets through other methods, and continued to subsidize the navy 200 million yuan in the name of special military expenditure every year, which could completely crush the Japanese Navy to death.
Of course, the Japanese Navy is very clear that China's naval expenses are not consistent with the actual situation, and it is difficult to determine the specific strength of the Chinese Navy at this stage. However, Japan is waiting. Although the main battleships still have advantages, it is no longer an overwhelming advantage. The Army and Air Force
More comprehensive weakening gives China, and Japan can only wait for the opportunity.
Japan is still very confident about this. It firmly believes that China and the Soviet Union will have a war. This is the opportunity they are waiting for. After the Nazi Party came to power, the secret cooperation between the Soviet Union and Germany had been interrupted, and Japan immediately filled it.
After the vacancies in Germany, we continued to work with the Soviet Union to study secret weapons and equipment.
At that time, in 1936, Song Biao had to start secretly preparing for the war with all his might.
But in such a year, who can know which country and which country will the future war take place? The whole world is in chaos, more complicated than Song Biao could have imagined. The power of the empire is between the Soviet Union and Japan.
The restraint is too strong, and the empire also has special restraint over Germany through the Sino-French alliance.
The fleet stationed by the Empire in the Indian Ocean has the strength to enter the Mediterranean at any time. Here, the Empire can also launch an attack on Italy at any time.
This chaotic situation makes all world politicians unable to see the specific context, and no one can explain how the world will change.
It was in this most chaotic year that the chaotic situation in the whole world suddenly became clear, and this was the Spanish Civil War that the empire had been guarding against.
The Spanish civil war was ultimately unavoidable. There have always been many different opinions about this war, but one thing is undeniable, that is, this war actually kicked off the Second World War.
With the support of the Soviet Union, Spain's left-wing political parties won the democratic election and got the opportunity to form the government of the Second Republic of Spain. Then, under the pressure of the Soviet Union, he couldn't wait to implement the extreme left policy, which led to the right-wing and fascist organizations promoting a military coup
.
In order to control intelligence and situations, Lieutenant General Zhang Jun, the head of the Imperial Central Military Intelligence Department, personally arrived at the city of Tunisia, the center of China's intelligence agency in the Mediterranean, and mobilized the fleets and transport aircraft that the Central Military Department could control to Spain on the other side of the Mediterranean.
Transport materials and use a special fleet of commercial institutions to send the Spanish North African colonial army controlled by Francisco Franco to the British land occupied by Gibraltar.
Before this, Zhang Jun had reached an agreement with Francisco Franco. If the empire supports the Spanish Spear Party and him personally seize the Spanish regime, General Franco will promise to keep a distance from Germany and Italy and maintain a closer relationship with China.
To be continued...