Flintlock gun

The rifle was invented by the French in the 17th century. Its basic structure is like a musket, that is, it uses the flint impact on the hammer to generate sparks and ignite fire. The average diameter of the rifle is about 13.7 mm. Since the post-loading musket has not been invented, this has made high requirements for the ammunition loading technology at that time. According to the previous loading method, when loading the projectiles, the projectiles must be placed in the cavity, and the bullets must be pushed into the cavity with a wooden hammer, and the guns can be pushed into the cavity. This is very time-consuming. On the battlefield, it means a waste of life. Later, the gunmen in Pennsylvania Week in the United States created a method of speeding up the loading, using linen or deer-skin soaked in grease to wrap the projectiles and load them into the cavity, reducing friction. This method not only accelerates the loading speed, but also plays a role in holding the air, improving the accuracy and improving the range.

The rotor musket is a front-mounted gun that is ignited with flint. The main parts of this rotor musket include: a serrated steel wheel, chain, spring and hammer, etc. There is a tunnel stone on the hammer head (i.e. flint stone). It is ignited by the fine teeth on the surface of the steel wheel and the tunnel stone to ignite the fire. Before the shooter shoots, he needs to use a small plate hand-rolling chain to compress the spring during the rolling process. The spring is opened to drive the steel wheel to rotate. The whole process is like the clockwork of an alarm clock.

The development process of rifle is divided into rotary musket to rifle.

The rotary musket was created by people on the basis of overcoming the various inconveniences of the combroach, but there is no accurate statement about its birth. Some people believe that the German watchmaker John Kiefers invented this kind of gun, while others say that it was Italian scientists invented the rotary fire device, and some people vividly said that the inventor of this gun was a chicken thief, and he composed such a seemingly credible story: this chicken thief often acted as a gentleman on the beam at night. The main tool he used when stealing chickens was a combroach, but the combroach was easily exposed to the target, so he used his brain to invent this more concealed rotary musket.

The author repeatedly checked the relevant information and believed that the story of the German watchmaker John Kiefers inventing the rotary wheel and fired a musket is more credible. The story says that Kiefers, who was born in the early 16th century, is quite famous in the watch industry. He not only made exquisite watches of various unique shapes, but also had a strong interest in various guns, and he personally made many exquisite match guns. One day, a guest came to Kiefers' home. When smoking and igniting the fire, he used not the popular matches at that time, but the ancient flint friction ignition method. The shining sparks of flint instantly aroused Kiefers' inspiration. He combined the serrated rotating steel wheel on the watch with flint that could produce sparks. With his experience and wisdom, he successfully developed the world's first rotary wheel and firegun in 1515.

Kiefers' successful invention of rotary muskets attracted the attention of the German military. Soon, this gun began to be equipped with German cavalry and infantry. In 1544, Germany fought with France. At that time, the German cavalry equipped with rotary muskets, and the French army was still equipped with combroach guns. During the battle, it was suddenly stormy and the French army equipped with combroach guns could hardly fire a single shot. The German cavalry, which used rotary muskets as the main weapon, became more and more brave and drove the French soldiers to pieces. Soon, the French king, who had suffered repeated defeats, also hired a considerable number of similar cavalry, and these cavalry were also equipped with rotary muskets. In this way, rotary muskets gradually became the main weapon of the cavalry.

However, rotary muskets are not perfect. Not only are they complex structures, expensive and troublesome to use, but they cannot reliably get angry when there is pollution on the steel wheels. Therefore, people began to develop new "ignition" methods.

Soon, the Spaniards living on the Iberian Peninsula invented the rifle. They took off the clockwork steel wheel originating from the clock, but clamped a flint on the jaw of the hammer, and had a strike anvil beside the fire transmission hole. If it was necessary to shoot, they pulled the trigger. Under the action of the spring, they hit the flint on the edge of the fire door, sparks emerged, and ignited the ignition yao. This firing mechanism is called an impact machine. The fireworking mechanism is called an impact machine. The fireworking mechanism is called an impact machine. The impact gun greatly simplified the shooting process, improved the firing rate and shooting accuracy, was easy to use, and was low in cost, and was easy to mass production. By the 1680s, armies of many countries were equipped with this impact gun.

In the early century, the Frenchman Mahan made major improvements to the rifle. He successfully developed a reliable and complete firing launching and insurance mechanism, thus becoming the best-performing gun at that time and won honor for France. King Henry IV of France summoned him to the palace for this purpose and served as a personal servant, specializing in making firearms for the palace. By the mid-17th century, this rifle had been widely equipped with the French army. Later, this tunnel gun was copied and adopted by countries around the world until the mid-19th century.

There are two types of tunnel guns: infantry tunnel gun and cavalry gun. The former has a diameter of 19.8 mm, a length of 1560 mm, a weight of 5.69 kg, and a pellet weighs 32.1 grams; the latter has a diameter of 17.3 mm, a length of 1210 mm, a weight of 4.6 kg, and a weight of 21.3 grams.

In the middle of the 17th century, in the early Qing Dynasty, Chinese inventor Dai Zi invented a bead milling machine that looked like Sepa. The fire and projectiles of this bead gun were stored on the back of the gun, with a total of 28 rounds. When the first machine was opened and closed, the fire and lead projectiles automatically fell into the barrel. The second machine rotated randomly, rubbed flint, and ignited the fire and fire to fire lead projectiles. This bead gun was actually very similar to the principles of modern mechanical machine guns, and was a century earlier than the mechanical machine gun that the American Gatling later invented. However, because the Qing government was extremely conservative and did not trust the Han people, this major invention was not promoted and adopted, so that it could only "hide the tools" at home.

During the 200 years of tunneling guns across the battlefield, many political and military events were closely linked to guns, especially the history of the American War of Independence, a militia organization organized by the American people volunteered to fire the first shot of the War of Independence against British colonialists. Both sides used guns, from April 19, 1775 to September 1783, the British and American government was forced to agree to American independence. In the third year of this war of independence, one day in October 1777, the British and American armies confronted each other on positions 100 to 300 yards apart. Major Fukaisen, a sharpshooter of the British colonial army, received an order to let him lose one
Chapter completed!