A title, also known as a title or a title, is a title given to the ancient royal family and aristocrats. It is used to indicate the level of status and power. The title of the title started from the Xia and Shang Dynasties and ended after the establishment of the Republic of China. It seems that one day after the end

After more than a hundred years of prosperity, Li Cong also had to start formulating some titles for his empire, so it is necessary to refer to these.

Li Cong saw that in the pre-Qin period, "Tongdian. Officials. Nobles" records that since Emperor Yao, Emperor Shun and the Xia Dynasty, there were five levels of nobility: Duke, Marquis, Bo, Zi, and Male. In the Shang Dynasty, there were three levels of nobility.

Etc.: Gong, Hou, Bo, childless, second male, etc. There is no physical evidence to support the actual facts.

In the Shang system, the literature records include Hou, Dian, Nan, Wei, and Bangbo, all of whom are "foreign service princes" located outside the royal territory. The oracle bone data of the Yin Ruins show that "Duofang" or "Duofangfang" outside the borders of the Yin State often

It was an enemy country that the Shang Kingdom conquered. Their kings and chiefs were called "Fang Bo" or "Bang Bo", such as Ren Fang Bo, Qiang Fang Bo, Yu Fang Bo, Zhou Fang Bo, etc. The kings and chiefs on the border of Yin State and within the state,

They were called Hou and Bo respectively, such as Qihou, Quanhou, Jingbo, Songbo, etc. They were the screen vassals of the Shang Kingdom. They were often ordered by the King of Shang to conquer many places, and the King of Shang often sent troops to assist in the expedition. Fang Bo and Hou

, the different titles of Bo reflect the differences in the relationship between these monarchs and the kings of Shang. Some scholars believe that "Tian" and "Zi" in oracle bone inscriptions or bronze inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty are also titles of "Mr." However, there is no conclusion yet.

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In the Zhou Dynasty, it was divided into five levels: Duke, Hou, Bo, Zi and male, all of which were hereditary. The fiefdoms were all called countries, and they exercised the right to rule within the fiefdoms. Each prince had the title of minister, doctor, scholar, etc. in his country; the state of Chu, etc.

They are appointed to hold the title of Gui, the chief of silk, etc. The ministers and officials have fiefs, and they can also exercise the power to rule over the fiefs, but they only accept orders from the princes.

According to "Mencius. Wan Zhang Chapter": "There is one emperor, one duke, one marquis, one uncle, one son and one son, all five levels. There is one king, one minister, and one official.

There is one sergeant, one sergeant, and one corporal, six grades. The emperor's rule is that the place is thousands of miles away. The princes are all a hundred miles away, the uncle is seventy miles away, the son is fifty miles away, and the four grades are all. It cannot be fifty miles away, and it cannot reach less than

When the emperor is attached to the princes, he is called a vassal. The emperor's ministers are regarded by the earth as princes, the great officials are regarded by the earth as uncles, and the officials of the Yuan Dynasty are regarded by the earth as sons."

During the Warring States Period, all vassal states generally abolished the fief system of ministers and implemented the system of prefectures and counties. There were nobility that was different from the previous ministers, such as Chehou, Jun, etc. These newly established titles ranged in size.

of food, but it cannot be hereditary.

Scholars still dispute whether the pre-Qin nobility system reflected in the literature is accurate. However, based on oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, it is certain that the Xia nobility system is unknown. The details of the Shang system are difficult to understand. Only the nobility system from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States period can be roughly determined.

His title and title.

The Qin Dynasty continued to use the 20 ranks from Gongshi to Chehou established after Shang Yang's reform (a total of 20 levels: one Gongshi, two Shangzhao, three hairpins, four without replacement, five Dafu, six official Dafu,

The seventh official officer, the eighth public chariot, the ninth and fifth official officers, the ten left concubine chiefs. The eleven right concubine chiefs, the twelve left watchmen, the thirteenth middle watchmen, the fourteenth right watchmen, the fifteen minors on the top, the upper class on the tenth

There are seven concubine chiefs, eighteen concubine chiefs, nineteen Guan Neihou, and twenty Chehou Hou), which are specially used to reward merit. Chehou, Guan Neihou, food tax or food fief, other nobles get salary and salary like officials.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty followed the twenty-level nobility, and added the king's title. At first, the king's title was obtained by meritorious officials. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, all of them were killed. After that, the king's title was only available to the royal family. In the early vassal kingdoms, there were dozens of counties.

There are also several small counties in the country, all of which are governed by the princes and kings. The Han court only appointed Taifu for them, and the rest of the prime ministers, internal historians, lieutenants, censors, officials, etc. were all appointed by the king. After the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,

In the first year of Emperor Suihe's reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, the system was reorganized. The kings could only pay taxes from their own country and were not allowed to intervene in national affairs. The internal history, censors, doctors, Lang Zhongling, Tingwei, Zongzheng, Taipu, etc. were all abolished and were the same as those in the Han Dynasty.

The official title was changed from the prime minister to the prime minister, and he governed like a county governor, and ordered the lieutenant to govern like a county captain. From then on, the kingdom was no different from the other counties. The system of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the same as that of the late Western Han Dynasty. The country and counties were changed to the governor.

As the prime minister, the captain was appointed as the lieutenant, and Fu was appointed to take charge of the affairs of the palace.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there were 143 great meritorious officials who were granted the title of marquis (to avoid the taboo of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and changed the name of Chehou to lie marquis). The feudal lords were granted the title of country. The large ones had tens of thousands of households, and the small ones had 500 households.

.The ministers of the princes are like county magistrates, who take orders from the governor of the county where they are located. The princes have their own ministers, concubines, ministers, wash horses, pedestrians and other officials to manage the affairs of the government. When the princes live in the capital, the chief lieutenant will take charge of them.

The prefects of the country and prefectures inspected them from time to time. The feudal system of the Eastern Han Dynasty was no different from that of the Western Han Dynasty, except that the feudal states were smaller, with the larger ones having no more than four counties, and the small ones having only one pavilion. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao placed names among the feudal lords and Guannei lords.

The 18th level of Haohou, the 17th level of Guanzhong Marquis, the 16th level of Guanwai Marquis, and the 15th level of Wu Dafuhou were all named after the names of the towns under the jurisdiction of Shu and Wu at that time. Those who received the title had no way to collect taxes, and the title was empty for future generations.

First of all.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to raise war expenses, he ordered the sale of 20th-level nobility (below the Marquis of Guannei), which made the 20th-level nobility underestimated by others. Therefore, for those who had made meritorious service to the soldiers, another 11th-level martial arts nobility was set up (first-level military officers, second-level military officers).

Xianyuwei, the third-level good scholar, the fourth-level Yuanrong soldier, the fifth-level official, the sixth-level Bingduo, the seventh-level Qianfu, the eighth-level Leqing, the ninth-level executive, the tenth-level political and military chief, and the eleventh-level military guard

) and later sold it.

Cao Cao abolished the twenty-level nobility, the so-called martial arts nobility and other so-called nobility. During the early Huangchu period of Emperor Wen of Wei, the nobility system was divided into nine levels: king, duke, marquis, uncle, son, male, county marquis, township marquis, Guannei marquis. Wangjue

Up to baron, all have national titles and fiefdoms. There are no fiefdoms below the county marquis but tax. In addition to the ninth rank, the titles created by Cao Cao, such as Marquis of Guanzhong, Marquis of Guanwai, and the five major princes are reserved as conferred titles. They still have no titles and no titles.

Food. Wei system: the prince is granted the title of king, the king's concubine is granted the title of rural duke, the concubine of the succeeding king (not the first king) is granted the title of rural marquis, and the concubine of the duke is granted the title of Tingbo; the larger the kingdom, the prefecture, the smaller the county. The titles of the Western Jin Dynasty are very complicated.

, set up Wang, Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi, male, Founding County Duke, Founding County Duke, Founding County Lord, Founding County Lord, Founding Marquis, Founding Uncle, Founding Son, Founding Male, Xianghou, Tinghou, Guannei

There are a total of eighteen levels of Hou and Guanwai Hou.

Princes who are not princes will not be granted titles; the fifth-level titles of dukes (county princes, county princes), hou (county lords, county lords), uncles, sons, and men are reserved for the clan; meritorious officials are granted titles for the "founding" nobles and rural princes.

Tinghou, Guanneihou, Guanwaihou. The system of conferring titles since the pre-Qin Dynasty was officially abolished.

The princes and kings of the Western Jin Dynasty were similar to the princes and kings of the early Western Han Dynasty, and they were able to conquer their country. The "Book of Jin" records that the country had 20,000 households and 5,000 soldiers (set up three armies, with 2,000 in the middle and 1,500 in the upper and lower armies);

The sub-state has 10,000 households and 3,000 soldiers (set up upper and lower armies of 1,500 each); the lower state has 5,000 households and 1,500 soldiers (set up one army). The system of a principality of the fifth rank is the same as that of a lower-level kingdom.

If the princely state has less than 5,000 households, it will also set up an army with 1,000 soldiers. The remaining princes and the founding princes will entrust the land and claim the country, but they will not rule the affairs of the country.

Dukes, marquises, uncles, sons, and male descendants were hereditary. The titles of the Southern Dynasty were inherited from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but the title of the king no longer had the power to govern the country. In the Chen Dynasty, the title of the prince of the county and the title of the vassal king were added.

In the first year of Emperor Daowu's reign in the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was granted the title of fifth-class nobility. In the first year of the Emperor's reign, earls and barons were deposed and restored later. In addition to princes, meritorious officials were also granted the title of king. Customized in the first year of Jingming: setting the king, founding the Duke of the County, San Gong, and Marquis.

, Sanhou, uncle, Sanbo, son, Sanzi, male, Sannan, etc. The rate of tax collection for the feudal state is: the king eats half, the public three shares one, the Hou Bo eats one fourth, the son five

Share food level 1. Rank of title: Wang Chaopin. Kaiguo County is just in the first level, Kaiguo County Duke, San Gong is in the first level, Kaiguo County Hou Zheng is in the second level. San Hou is in the second level, Kaiguo County Bo is in the third level, San Bo is in the third level, and Kaiguo County is in charge

Zheng is on the fourth rank. Sanzi is on the fourth rank. In Kaiguo County, male is on the fifth rank. Sannan is on the fifth rank. Official affiliations: Officials are assigned from kings to princes.

In the Northern Qi Dynasty, kings and fifth-level nobility were established. The kings were super-ranked, and the other nobility were regarded as the first rank of generals in the Wei system. All the nobility were assigned officials after the founding of the country.

At the beginning of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the five ranks of Duke, Founding Marquis, Founding Bo, Founding Son, and Founding Male were established. Later, the system was reorganized according to the Rites of Zhou and included Prince, County Prince, County King, Duke, County Duke, County Duke, County Marquis, and County.

Bo, county son, county boy, village boy, eleventh rank.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty established nine titles: king, prince, duke, duke, county duke, marquis, uncle, son, and male. During the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the three titles of king, duke, and marquis were retained, and the rest were abolished.

In the Tang Dynasty, the names were divided into princes, heirs (those who inherited the prince were heirs), county kings, dukes, dukes, county dukes, prefects, county marquises, county sons, and county sons. Below the dukes, the words "founding the country" were added.

For example, xx County was founded as a marquis, and xx County was founded as a son. In the Tang Dynasty, the title of nobility had a seat, but it was often a false title. Only those who added a real title could enjoy the tax income of the fief (later changed to receive a salary). The main purpose of the title

The economic rights and interests are obtained by virtue of the title of Yongye Field. The amount is: 100 hectares for the prince, 50 hectares for the county prince, 40 hectares for the prince, 35 hectares for the county prince, 25 hectares for the county prince, and 10 hectares for the county boss.

The county son has eight hectares, and the county man has five hectares. After the disintegration of the equal land system, he no longer receives permanent land.

The title system of the Song Dynasty was basically the same as that of the Tang Dynasty. From the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, the inheritance of titles was divided into two types: hereditary and hereditary. The former was inherited according to the original title, while the latter was inherited according to the title of the person being inherited.

Reduced to the next level for inheritance. There was no example of hereditary substitution in the Song Dynasty. Except for hereditary titles, many titles were only for life and would be extinguished upon death.

In the Song Dynasty, according to the system of the Tang Dynasty, the feudal feudal households were reserved, ranging from -10,000 households to 200 households, with a total of fourteen levels. The number of feudal households was only a virtual title, and only those with real feudal titles could receive corresponding subsidies. The maximum number of real feudal households was 1,000, and those with less

Hundreds of households, each with twenty-five coins per month, were paid with official salary. It can be seen that the income from nobility in the Song Dynasty was quite low.

The title system of the Liao Dynasty followed the Tang system.

The title system of the Jin Dynasty was divided into kings, princes, dukes, princes, marquises, county uncles, county uncles, county sons and county sons.

When Genghis Khan established the Mongolian Kingdom in the Yuan Dynasty, a feudal system was implemented. Meritorious officials, relatives, and nobles all had fiefdoms and towns. The titles were chief of ten thousand households, chief of thousands of households, chief of hundreds of households, chief of ten households, etc., and could be hereditary. "At all levels"

The "head of household" has the right to collect corvees and collect taxes within the fiefdom. When the Mongolian rulers first took over the Central Plains, they also implemented a feudal system in the occupied areas, which caused great damage to the social economy. Later, they had to abolish it and implement feudalism.

The nobility system. There are eight levels of nobility in the Yuan Dynasty: king (first rank), prince (first rank), Duke (second rank), Duke (second rank), prince (three grades), county

Bo (divided into the fourth rank), county son (fifth rank), and county boy (fifth rank) are actually the eighth and tenth levels. Among them, only the royal family can be crowned, Mongolian nobles can be crowned, and the clan can be crowned prince.

The clan members and nobles were granted the title of king. The other princes and other princes were granted titles indiscriminately.

In the early Ming Dynasty, referring to the system of the previous dynasty, five ranks of nobility were given to relatives of meritorious officials. Later, the sons and second barons were eliminated, leaving only the third rank of dukes, marquises and uncles, and a custom was made: "No title can be given to any title other than those who have made military achievements in the country."

It is not allowed to be given except by special purpose." There are two types of titles in the Ming Dynasty. One is only awarded for life (not alive), and the other is hereditary (life). The "life" and "not" of the title are determined by the size of the military merits, and both are given

Certificates. In addition to those with military merits, those who can receive titles include Yan Shenggong, a descendant of Confucius in Qufu, Prince Consort Duwei, and relatives who were awarded titles due to their kindness. However, they were only given titles but not certificates. The difference from the previous dynasty is that

In the Ming Dynasty, the dukes, marquises and uncles only had titles and salaries, but no fiefdoms.

In the Ming Dynasty, royal titles were exclusive to the royal family (the founding generals would be granted the title of county king after their death), and the royal titles were all hereditary. The eldest son of the prince was named the prince when he was ten years old, and the eldest grandson was named the grandson, and there were also great-grandsons.

For example, when the princes are ten years old, they will be granted the title of king of the county; the eldest son of the prince of the county will be crowned the crown prince of the county; the eldest grandson will be granted the title of eldest grandson, and there are also examples of great-eldest grandson and xuan eldest grandson; the sons will be granted the title of general of the country; sun will be the general of the country.

; great-grandson, General Fengguo; fourth-generation Lieutenant Sun Zhenguo; fifth-generation Lieutenant Sun Fuguo; sixth-generation and below are all Lieutenants Fengguo. The prince's annual salary is ten thousand stones, the county king two thousand stones, the Zhenguo General's thousand stones, the auxiliary general's eight hundred stones, Fengguo

The general is 600 shi, the lieutenant of Zhenguo is 400 shi, the lieutenant of auxiliary is 300 shi, and the lieutenant of Fengguo is 200 shi. Due to this hereditary system, the annual income of the whole country cannot compensate the annual salary of the clan.

, generals and lieutenants from distant branches of the clan, and some even deliberately committed crimes and were imprisoned for food.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were three levels of titles: Duke, Marquis, and Earl, which were specially awarded to meritorious officials. The third level of titles could only be hereditary, and there were also lifelong titles. The titles of different surnames in the Ming Dynasty were: Duke, Marquis, Earl, and Fan.

Relatives, all of whom have lived in the world. Meritorious officials are given iron stamps and four titles: those who assist Taizu to determine the world are said to be "the founding of the country, assisting the movement and pushing sincerity";

"Fengtian Yiyun Tuicheng" and "Fengtian Yiwei Tuicheng", the military ministers are called Xuanli Wuchen, and the civil servants are called Shouzheng Wenchen. Those who are granted the title and receive the iron coupon are hereditary titles, otherwise they are stray titles. If the title is inherited, it will be returned to him.

The title certificate is used to determine the descendants of the family. The title is hereditary, or it can be inherited by demotion. The titles of duke, marquis and uncle are divided into four levels based on merit. They can be in charge of the five prefectures and six armies, and they can lead the generals.

Yin is the commander-in-chief and has jurisdiction over the Cao Gang, but he is not allowed to intervene in the affairs of the Nine Ministers.

The five-level titles of Duke, Duke, County Prince, County Prince, and County Boy do not belong to the formal title system after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. They were titles given posthumously by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang to heroes who died in battle before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty.

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In fact, these pre-Qin titles have nothing to do with some current things. Many people don't want to read these things, and they don't understand what those things mean. Li Cong has no idea about the titles of the following dynasties.

It feels okay, but it is better to combine the East and the West. After all, there are many Westerners in the group. The first batch of knights cannot be only Chinese, so that some Westerners in the group will not feel it.

Centripetal force, this is not possible for a group, and the group's titles are generally lifelong. If you want hereditary replacement, it is best not to do so. However, in order to motivate people, hereditary replacement should also occur.

It's best not to have too many. (To be continued...)
Chapter completed!