——Also describes the history of party struggles within the ruling group of the Northern Song Dynasty

"The History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Cai Jing" records: "At that time, all the ministers of Yuanyou were demoted and fled to the dead, but the capital was still not satisfied. He was ordered to wait for his crimes. The first one was Sima Guang, who called him the traitor. He carved a stone on the door of Wende Hall, and then he The book is a big stele, which can be found all over the country. At the beginning, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the solar eclipse was used to ask for words, and most of the people who spoke were Xining. During the reign of Shaosheng, there were also Fan Rouzhong and below for Xie, etc., and there were three hundred names in the two books. All nine of them imprisoned their descendants and were not allowed to be in the capital or near Dian."

The issue of Cai Jing's "Party Membership" listed in the "History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Cai Jing" is one of the main "crimes" for Cai Jing's being labeled as a "treacherous official". This crime accuses Cai Jing of the following four aspects: First, Song Dynasty The ministers in Zhezong's Yuanyou period were demoted and exiled, and almost all of them died, but they still ordered a list of crimes awaiting them; secondly, they accused the ministers headed by Sima Guang as "treacherous party", and inscribed Yuanyou Yuanfu "party". The stone tablet of "Renji" was placed inside the gate of Wende Hall, and he also personally wrote the inscriptions on the tablet and issued it to all states and counties across the country; thirdly, many people including Fan Rouzhong, who wrote a letter criticizing Xining and Shaosheng's new law and politics in the last years of Yuanfu, were listed as "treacherous evildoers" "; Fourth, the descendants of 309 people who were included in the two party memberships were imprisoned and were not allowed to serve as officials in the capital and nearby states and counties.

Based on relevant historical records and in chronological order, we now list some major historical facts from the beginning and end of the "Party Membership" incident in the "History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Cai Jing", and also describe the history of party struggles within the ruling group of the Northern Song Dynasty, for the Fang family to study and analyze, and to clarify. The fact.

1. The whole story of Yuanyou and Yuanfu’s “party membership” incident

The "Party Membership" incident mentioned in "Song History: Biography of Cai Jing" has its occurrence and development process. It began in the third year of Yuanfu (1100), the third year of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1100), and occurred in the sixth year of the third year of Chongning (1104), the third year of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. It ended in August of the third year of Zhenghe (1113), after 13 years and eight months.

In the third year of Yuanfu (1100): (1) Empress Dowager Xiang took over the government, the Yuanyou Party members came back, and the conservative faction expanded; (2) the cronies were eliminated, and the reformists were demoted; (3) Cai Jing was expelled from the court, He was demoted to a local official and his official position was revoked.

On the twelfth day of the first lunar month, Zhezong of the Song Dynasty passed away, and Huizong Zhao Ji of the Song Dynasty succeeded to the throne. The Empress Dowager Xiang listened to the affairs behind the curtain, and jointly dealt with important military and state affairs. Therefore, the official position of an important figure in the conservative faction was called "Xiao Yuanyou" by people at the time.

On February 21st, the newly appointed Tongyi official, Han Zhongyan, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (brother of Han Jiayan, the Prince-in-law, who had served as a minister of the Privy Council during the Yuanyou period) was promoted to minister; on the eighth day of April, he was promoted to minister again. On the fourth day of the tenth lunar month, he was promoted to Zuopushe, the minister of ministers, and also the minister of the family.

Since March, on the recommendation of Han Zhongyan and others, Yuanyou Party members such as Chen Guan, Zou Hao, Gong Wei, Zhang Tingjian, Jiang Gongwang, Chang Anmin, Ren Boyu, Chen Cisheng, Chen Shixi, Zhang Shunmin, etc. have successively entered Taiwan to admonish. For example: in early March Seventh, the power of summons was sent to Weizhou Chen Guan as Zuozhengyan, Supervisor of Yuanzhou's tax collection and Zou Hao as Youzhengyan, Zhiluozhou Gong Chuan as the imperial censor; on the eighth day of April, Li Qingchen, the Minister of Rites, was appointed as the minister, and Jiang Zhiqi, the Hanlin scholar, was appointed as Tongzhi Privy Councilor; On January 16, An Tao, a bachelor of Guanwen Palace, was elected to the Privy Council; on November 29, Fan Chunli, the Minister of Rites, was appointed Youcheng of the Ministry of Rites.

April 21, Su Chunren, Liu Fengshi, Wang Maijian, Han Chuan, Lu Xichun, Wu Anshi, Tang Yiwen, Wang Qinchen, Yang Wei, Lu Tao, Zhang Lai, Liu Shishi, Lu Xizhe, Lu Xiji, Jia Yi, Liu Tanglao, Huang Yin, Chao Buzhi, Huang Tingjian, Su Shi, Su Che, Liu Anshi, Qin Guan, Cheng Yi, Zheng Xia and other 25 people resumed their positions or were transferred back to the mainland.

Han Zhongyan, Hanlin scholar Zeng Zhao (brother of Zeng Bu, who was appointed magistrate of Chenzhou to avoid suspicion), and Zhang Tingjian said: "Those who use Yuan to bless the living have been favored, but the dead have not been restored and there is no recovery. Who can comfort the ghosts?" "So, on May 22, an order was given to the late Yuanyou party members Wen Yanbo, Wang Wangyu, Lu Dafang, Liu Zhi, Han Wei, Liang Tao, Sima Guang, Lu Gongzhu, Sun Gu, Fu Yaoyu , Zhao Zhan, Zheng Yong, Wang Yansou, Fan Zuyu, Zhao Yanruo, Qian Xie, Hiye Lin, Zhao Junxi, Li Zhichun, Lu Dazhong, Xian Yuqianxian, Kong Wuzhong, Yao Mianli, Sheng Tao, Zhao, Sun Jue, Du Chun , Kong Wenzhong, Zhu Guangting, Li Zhou, Zhang Maoze, Gao Shiying, Sun Sheng and other 33 people were ratified and restored to official positions. On May 25th, an order was issued to return Sima Guang and others' benevolence for their service.

Su Chunren, an important figure in the Yuanyou Party, and Lu Dian, Wang Anshi's right-hand man in the reform, and others proposed the strategy of "eliminating cronies and ending party strife." As the power of the Yuanyou Party gradually expanded, they took the opportunity to "cannot wait, "Inside should be combined with outside", a group of reformists such as Zhang Dun, Cai Jing, and Cai Bian were demoted, and they wanted to change the Xining, Yuanfeng, which had been restored from the Shaosheng period (1094-1097) to the Yuanfu second year (1099). new law.

On April 27, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty ordered the cancellation of the compilation of ministers' chapters. The next day, Xu Duo, the minister of the Ministry of Personnel, handed over all the edited books of ministers' chapters. Xin You and Han Zhongyan said: "Zhang Dun should be After he became prime minister, he set up a special agency to classify and organize the memorials submitted by his officials, single out those with similar language, and accuse them of slander. Most of the people who had previously submitted memorials were punished." Han Zhongyan hoped to issue an edict immediately to remove the compilation. The Classification Bureau sent all the compiled documents to the palace. Zeng Zhaoye, a member of Zhongshushe, said: "It has been five years since the Classification Bureau was established in the winter of the second year of Shaosheng." "A thousand and nineteen documents were compiled. "Hundred volumes" "There is no ancestral precedent for the current cataloging of Zhangs and Shus", and it also limited the cataloging of Zhangs and Shus to "from the end of May in the eighth year of Yuanfeng to April 11th of the ninth year of Yuanyou." Zeng Zhao requested that the Zhongshu be cataloged. All the registered personnel of the Ministry of Education and the Privy Council were dismissed. Song Huizong agreed and adopted their opinions.

At that time, the conservative Taipei admonishers Feng Ji, Chen Shixi, and Chen Guan repeatedly impeached Zhang Dun. Chen Guan said that Zhang Dun "dominated the political power for the first and last eight years, lost the country and the government, and his crime cannot be covered up. The world is full of resentment and karma." ." Some said that Zhang Dun was "incompetent in his post as envoy to the mountain mausoleum, causing Zhezong's hearse to get stuck in the mud and unable to walk, and to sleep in the wild." They also accused Zhang Dun of saying "Prince Duan (i.e. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty)" when determining the successor to the throne. He is a frivolous person and cannot be allowed to rule the world." Therefore, Zhang Dun was forced to submit five requests to resign from government affairs and go to Yuezhou. On the first day of September, Song Huizong was dismissed from his post as Minister Zuopu because Zhang Dun "failed to fulfill his duties as a subordinate." He concurrently held the position of minister under his sect, and was promoted to Yuezhou magistrate due to special promotion. Chen Guan, Li Qingchen and others believed that this "punishment was too light" for Zhang Dun, and also proposed that "Zhang Dun established a bureau to review Yuanyou's complaints during the reign of Shaosheng" , compiled Zhang Shu, a member of the Yuanyou Party, and imposed "cruel punishment" and derogation on the Yuanyou Party members. There were more than a thousand victims, and they should be severely punished according to the law. On the third day of October, he was demoted to deputy commander of the Wuchang Army. He was envoyed and ordered to relocate to Tanzhou. At that time, An Dun and Jian Xuchen, the prosecutors of the Procuratorial Bureau, were also disqualified from becoming officials and returned home.

On March 18, under the pressure of Zeng Bu and Han Zhongyan, Cai Jing, a Hanlin bachelor who accepted the decree, concurrently studied as an attendant, and compiled the history of the country, was dismissed from his post because he had relied on Zhang Dun to support the restoration of Xining and Yuanfeng's new law. , the imperial edict was given to him as a bachelor of Duanming Palace and a bachelor of Longtuge, two empty titles without real power, and he was expelled from the imperial court and appointed as the magistrate of Taiyuan Prefecture. On March 19, Zeng Bu tried his best to attack Cai Jing in front of Huizong, and Cai Bian "had evil intentions." They are plotting to endanger the government, and there are party members inside and outside the court. Good people swear not to work with them." "If Cai Jing stays in the capital and does not leave the capital, he will not be able to settle down." At that time, because the empress dowager Xiang Shi believed that the "Records of Shenzong" had been copied by Yuan You. It had been tampered with and destroyed, and it was now more difficult to replace it with someone else's editing. Therefore, on the second day of April, Cai Jing was ordered to remain a Hanlin scholar and temporarily stay in the capital to be responsible for continuing the editing.

From then on to September, the conservative censors Chen Shixi, Gong Wei and Tai Jianzuo Zhengyan, Chen Guan, the censor Zhongcheng Fengji and others successively impeached Cai Jing for "losing the country and mistaking the government", "being keen on reforming" and "governing the country". He demanded that Cai Jing be punished for his crimes, such as "revenge for personal revenge" and "befriending the eunuchs in order to achieve great results", but Huizong did not accept them immediately. After Cai Jing completed the "Records of Shenzong", on the third day of October, He was demoted to the rank of bachelor of Duanming Palace and appointed as the commander of the Yongxing Army. On the first day of November, before Cai Jing went to take office, he was ordered to change Cai Jing to the post of governor of Jiangning Prefecture. At this time, Chen Cisheng, the imperial censor, said: Cai Jing "is in Hanyuan. He relied on the situation to commit adultery and removed the frontier commander. He harbored resentment and resentment, and his officials repeatedly tried to prevent him from being relegated. Now that he has been removed from Jiangning Prefecture, he still holds the position of Duanming Palace. ". Chen Shixi and others also impeached Cai Jing for "big crime but light responsibility" and "disrespect for resisting the decree" and delaying his appointment. Therefore, Cai Jingxuan was dismissed from the post of governor of Jiangning Prefecture on the fifth day of November and was demoted to Hangzhou. As a punishment, he was given a sinecure as a palace guard in Dongxiao Palace and was ordered to live in Hangzhou for 30 months.

In May, Gong Chuan, the imperial censor in the palace, said that Cai Bian (Cai Jing's younger brother) "served the emperor unfaithfully and harbored treacherous intentions" and requested to be "punished and demoted". The Taiwan admonishers Chen Shixi, Chen Cisheng, Chen Guan and Ren Boyu, Fengji and Zhang Tingjian impeached Cai Bian one after another, saying: Cai Jing and Cai Bian "colluded with each other to do evil, confuse the country, and hinder the court." "He was guilty of a crime" and "the harm was so great that he begged for a canonical punishment." On May 19, Cai Bian was dismissed from his position as Shangshu Youcheng and was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning Prefecture; Bibu Yuanwailang Dong Bi was appointed as the magistrate of the Xingguo Army. Jun Shuyu was demoted to supervise the Nanyue Temple in Tanzhou. They were all considered to be Cai Bian's "comrades". On September 21, Cai Bian was dismissed from his original post and was reassigned to the idle post of Dongxiao Palace, restricting orders to Taiping Prefecture. Residence; Lu Changheng, the magistrate of Chengdu Prefecture, and Lu Jiawen, the magistrate of Yunzhou Prefecture, were all transferred to Nanjing and were punished to live in Guangzhou; Zhang Shangying was demoted from Zhongshu Sheren to Longtuge Minister, and the transfer envoy of Hebei Province; Fan Boring was transferred to Shizhong He was demoted to the rank of Longtuge Minister and the same as the magistrate of Yingzhou. Because they were both regarded as "comrades" of Zhang Dun and Cai Bian, they were dismissed at the same time. Later, some auxiliary ministers suggested that Cai Bian's "punishment was too light". Chen Cisheng said "The evil deeds done by Cai Bian were not under Zhang Dun's control." On the fifth day of November, he was demoted to the rank of Shaofu Shaojian and was assigned to Nanjing. He was still fined to live in Taiping Prefecture, but soon he was fined to live in Chizhou.
Chapter completed!