Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Guangzhou has been the political, economic, and cultural center of Lingnan. In 214 BC, Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, and Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo began to build the Panyu (Guangzhou) city wall. Guangzhou's urban construction has a history of more than 2,200 years. In ancient times

In addition to constantly improving the city wall architecture, Guangzhou has also carried out considerable construction in palace buildings, temple buildings, residential buildings, landscaping, urban drainage, etc., building the early framework of today's Guangzhou city and laying the foundation for Guangzhou's future development.

A solid foundation was laid. Eight towns with both military and commercial properties were built in the surrounding area: Fuxu, Liede, Dashui, Ruishi, Pingshi, Baitian, Datong and Shimen.

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Guangzhou has been the political, economic, and cultural center of Lingnan. In 214 BC, Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, and Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo began to build the Panyu (Guangzhou) city wall. Guangzhou's urban construction has a history of more than 2,200 years. In ancient times

In addition to constantly improving the city wall architecture, Guangzhou has also carried out considerable construction in palace buildings, temple buildings, residential buildings, landscaping, urban drainage, etc., building the early framework of today's Guangzhou city and laying the foundation for Guangzhou's future development.

A solid foundation was laid.

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According to "Guangzhou City Chronicles", in 214 BC, after Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, he appointed Ren Xiao as the captain of Nanhai County. Ren Xiao built Panyu City on Gufan Mountain and Yu Mountain (to the west of today's Cangbian Road), commonly known as Ren Xiao

Xiao City. At that time, the Pearl River Delta was far from the scale it is today, and the sea tide could reach Panyu City. Ren Xiao was built on the mountains and rivers to defend against invasion by foreign enemies. After Ren Xiao's death, Zhao Tuo established the Nanyue Kingdom and made Panyu City its capital.

, the first time the city was expanded to a circumference of ten miles, commonly known as "Yue City" or "Zhao Tuo City", its location is approximately from the vicinity of Fangcao Street to the east, Huaning Lane to the west, Xihu Road to the south, and Yue City to the north.

Hua Road area.

Two, Three Kingdoms, Southern Dynasties: Expansion to the North

During the Three Kingdoms period, Bu Zhi, the governor of Jiaozhou, moved the administrative seat of Jiaozhou from Guangxin (now Wuzhou, Guangxi) to Panyu (now Guangzhou), rebuilt the western half of Yuecheng, and expanded the city to the north on a larger scale for the second time.

3. Tang Dynasty: Commercial Port on the Maritime Silk Road

By the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou had developed into a prominent commercial port on the Maritime Silk Road. The economy was prosperous and the city was expanding. In addition, when famous officials of the Tang Dynasty, such as Song Jing, Du You, and Li Fu, served in Guangzhou, they repeatedly persuaded residents to burn bricks.

After making tiles and renovating houses, various brick and tile buildings appeared. Their shapes continued for a long time and became the representative of Guangzhou's ancient residences. During the Five Dynasties, Liu Yan of the Southern Han Dynasty established Guangzhou as the capital, expanded the city walls for the third time, and leveled the ancient Yu

The mountains expand to the south.

4. Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty: the three cities in east, west and middle are still the core areas

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During the Song Dynasty, due to the development of economy and foreign trade, the population of Guangzhou increased rapidly, and the construction of city walls became particularly frequent. According to statistics, during the 300 years of the Song Dynasty, Guangzhou City was expanded and repaired more than 10 times. The largest one was in the fourth year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty.

(1045) The middle city, east city and west city were built one after another. The middle city was based on the old city of Nanhan; the east city was based on the old city of Zhao Tuocheng; and the west city was expanded to protect the newly developed commercial district. It is the largest and surrounded by

It is more than thirteen miles long. The three cities are connected from east to west. The east is near today's Dezheng Road, the west is Huifu West Road, the south is Wenming Road, Danan Road and Dade Road, and the north is around today's Haoxian Road, Yuehua Road and Bailing Road.

.This area is still one of the core areas of Guangzhou today.

Five, Ming and Qing Dynasties: Adding a new city to the old city

The fifth major development of Guangzhou city walls in the Ming Dynasty. In the 31st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1380), the three cities of Songcheng were combined into one and expanded to the east and west. Its scope started from today's Yuexiu Road in the east, to today's Renmin Road in the west, and to the south

Today, Wenming Road, Danan Road and Dade Road cross Xiushan in the north, and the magnificent Zhenhai Tower was built on the mountain. The city has a circumference of 21 miles and is called the "Old City". In 1563, an outer city was built in the south of the city.

To this day, the area around Wanfu Road, Taikang Road and Yide Road, with a circumference of more than six miles, is called the "New City".

Guangzhou City has been rigorously designed very early

The Pearl River was once called the "Little Sea"

Different from the chaotic layout of many famous metropolises in the world due to lack of planning and natural development in the early days, the city of Guangzhou had a rigorous design very early. Taking the streets of Songcheng as an example, the central and eastern cities are centered on the Palace Department.

It is in the shape of a T. Xicheng is a foreign trade and commercial area and is in the shape of a well. There are also Nanhao, Qingshuihao and Neihao dug in the city, which can not only benefit from boating, but also help prevent fire and drain water in the city.

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Moreover, what is less known to future generations is that Guangzhou in history was not just an isolated city for a long time. For example, in the Song Dynasty, there were Fuxu, Liede, Dashui, Ruishi, and Pingshi built near Guangzhou City.

, Baitian, Datong, and Shimen are eight towns with both military and commercial properties, which are the famous "Eight Great Towns of the Song Dynasty". These "satellite towns", together with the prefectural city, constitute a spectacular town group in the Pearl River Delta.

At that time, the Pearl River was so vast that it was known as the "Little Sea". Xi'ao (today's Nanhao Street area) in the south of the city was an important inner harbor. It was home to merchant ships and was filled with department stores. It was called the "City of Five Cities". There was also a large market street nearby (

Today's Huifu West Road), Ivory Street, Agate Lane and other streets and alleys, Cheng Shi Meng Shi, a man of the time, said: "Thousands of sunshine gates shine on the Pearl City, and tens of thousands of tiles smoke create a jasper city."

"Fanfang" shows the exotic atmosphere

There are Arab high school scholars in "Fan Xue"

Today, foreigners can be seen everywhere on the streets of Guangzhou. In fact, as early as the Nanyue Kingdom, Guangzhou had become a distribution center for ivory, jade, pearls and other rare treasures, with constant exchanges of foreign merchants; during the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties,

The "Fanfang" formed along Guangta Road in Yuexiu District has a population of 120,000 to 200,000, presenting a grand occasion of "treasures of Tibetan medicine" and a mountain of them.

The "Fan Fang" in Guangzhou was established in the 29th year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (741), and is located in the area of ​​today's Guangta Street. The Fan Fang was managed by a fan chief, whose main responsibility was to manage the daily affairs and responsibilities of the "Fan Fang"

When recruiting businessmen, the chief of the Tibetans must act in accordance with the laws and practices of the country where the expatriates are residing. The expatriates have the freedom to believe in religion and maintain their own customs and habits, and can purchase fields and residences in Guangzhou.

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"Fanfang" is a unique landscape in the city of Guangzhou. According to expert research, when Fanfang was at its peak in the Song Dynasty, its scope roughly started from Chaotian Road in the east, Fengning Road (Renmin North Road) in the west, Huifu West Road in the south, and Zhongshan in the north

Six Roads. Their folk customs inject a peculiar exotic atmosphere into Guangzhou. There are Persian women who have "pierced ears" and wear more than 20 earrings, Europeans in "suits and leather shoes", and some who like to chew betel nuts.

Southeast Asians who "spit like blood" - this custom also continued among the local affected residents of Guangzhou before liberation. Since the main population was Persians and Arabs, the first mosque in China - Huaihe was built

Holy Temple. In addition, there are Europeans who believe in Christianity, Jews and Indians who believe in Judaism.

In the Song Dynasty, there was a "Fan School" in Fanfang. This was a school established by the local government at the request of the Tibetan people. All "Tibetan" children could enroll in the school and learn Chinese culture. There were many scholars and great Confucianists among the foreigners in Fanfang.

Their children went to school in Guangzhou, learned Chinese culture, and integrated into the upper class of society. It is said that the Arab Li Yansheng went to Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, to take the imperial examination, became a high school scholar, and was appointed to an official position. Some foreign businessmen were also granted titles by the Chinese court.

For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, foreign businessman Haida was appointed as the Salt Secretary of Guangdong, and Pu Shougeng, a foreign businessman from Quanzhou, was appointed as the Shipping Secretary of Quanzhou City. His brother Pu Shouchen served as the magistrate of Meizhou for 7 years. He was an impartial and honest official and was popular among the people.

During his tenure, he built pavilions to protect people's wells and solve the water problem. Later generations once wrote a couplet to eulogize: "Zeng's wells and springs have lasted forever, and Puhou's heart is generally pure." In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chinese and foreign marriages were allowed, but there were certain restrictions, such as

It is stipulated that only those who have one of three generations of foreigners who are officials are eligible to marry Chinese women. Some "foreign men" must also have "local daughters-in-law".

Liumai Canal drainage is still in use today

Su Shi built the Baiyun Mountain Waterway with "ten thousand poles and big bamboos"

In the municipal administration of ancient Guangzhou, one of the most classic designs was the urban drainage system represented by the "Liu Mei Canal" and the urban water supply system represented by the "Baiyun Mountain Waterway".

The Liumai Canal is a large square canal built with bricks and stone and covered with stone slabs. It is difficult to find out when it was first built. But at least its predecessor was formed in the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. This group was named "Liumai Canal" based on the meridians of the human body.

"The channels are not only artificially constructed, but also cleverly made of the undulations of the natural terrain. These channels, together with the own rivers and moats in and around the city, form a tight drainage network in Guangzhou.

.Water flows through the Liumai Canal to the East and West Haoyong, then enters the Yudai River, and finally flows into the sea, playing the role of drainage, flood storage, tide storage, and drought and flood prevention. To this day, these channels converted into culverts are still important in Guangzhou.

drainage channels.

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As for the "Baiyun Mountain Waterway", it is a major innovation in urban water supply in the history of Guangzhou's urban construction. In ancient times, Guangzhou had less rain in autumn and winter, and the Pearl River was affected by the intrusion of sea tides. Therefore, although it is close to the river, the residents in the city felt that there was not enough fresh water. Soochow in the Three Kingdoms

At that time, Lu Yin, the governor of Guangzhou, built a water diversion project to divert the spring water from Baiyun Mountain into the city to solve the water problem of the residents in the city. The spring water from Baiyun Mountain is cool and sweet, hence the name "Ganxi". This spring water passes through the upper pond and the lower pond.

There are two branches near Xiaobei Wreath, one passes through Jincangbian Road and enters Qingshuihao, and the other passes through present-day Huaning Lane of Dashi Street and enters the ancient West Lake on present-day Xihu Road. In the Song Dynasty, Ganxi gradually dried up due to insufficient water sources. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the government diverted the water.

And dredge the Ganxi River so that in addition to drinking water, it can also carry ships and cargo, drain water, and irrigate farmland.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, who served in Guangdong, received a letter from his friend Wang Minzhong, the governor of Guangzhou, saying that a plague occurred in Guangzhou and corpses were lying everywhere. Su Dongpo believed that this was directly related to unclean drinking water. Therefore, he suggested using "ten thousand poles of bamboo" as water pipes, from Baiyun

Divert water from mountains to cities. At the same time, he suggested setting up special "craftsmen" to inspect the pipes every day, check for leaks and fill them in time, and drill a small hole in each bamboo pipe and seal it with bamboo nails. If the bamboo pipe is blocked,
Chapter completed!