Practice has proved that has shown good results in retaining water and moisture, fertilizing soil, preventing dust, protecting the environment, saving costs and increasing efficiency, and increasing farmers' income. Cai, director of the Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Station of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province

Chaoqing believes: “Farmers have personally felt the positive effects of in reducing farmers’ farming intensity, reducing costs, and preventing soil erosion. From the initial rejection to small-scale acceptance, is now accepted by the majority.

People accept it”.

"Our county introduced no-till sowing as a trial demonstration in 2003. When we first started this work, we subsidized farmers with 17 kilograms of chemical fertilizer per acre, and we provided agricultural machinery and tools free of charge to start promoting it. Some farmers were enthusiastic about this new technology.

Farming methods are not well understood yet, so many people have a wait-and-see attitude and have some concerns, that is, what to do if the experimental demonstration causes a reduction in production? We have made a promise to the farmers: If the yield is lower than the farmers' traditional farming yield, we will compensate them.

After several years of promotion, farmers have benefited from projects, saved costs, and increased yields. In this way, farmers have begun to accept this technology. From the past, we provided free services, and now farmers themselves use the state to

With the machine purchase subsidy, I spent my own money to invest in purchasing this kind of advanced protective farming agricultural machinery.”

It is understood that has many aspects of fertilizing the soil and can also reduce wind and water erosion from taking away a large amount of fertile topsoil. By returning stubble to the field, about 70% of the crop straw of the current season can be directly digested, significantly reducing

The pollution and waste of resources caused by burning form a virtuous cycle of "returning straw to the field - fertilizing the field to increase production - returning it to the field - increasing production again." Dou Quanxing, engineer of the Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, further explained: "Conservative tillage

, is actually a farming model now referred to as "circular economy", which can be carefully cultivated using a variety of methods. Reasonable use of the land's own conservation capacity improves the fertility required for crops, thereby reducing input."

Not only that, uses crop straw residues to cover the ground surface, while using mechanical no-till sowing to minimize soil tillage, and using mechanical measures or agrochemical techniques to control weeds, diseases and insect pests, which has the ability to significantly suppress cultivated land dust.

Blow up sand and reduce soil erosion. Qinghai Province in China is the birthplace of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, and has a very important ecological status in western China and the whole country. Sun Changbao, director of the Agricultural Machinery Division of the Qinghai Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, particularly emphasized: "Protect

Sexual farming plays a particularly significant positive role in protecting the natural ecological environment of Qinghai Province and enhancing regional ecological resilience."

"Based on scientists' observations in recent years, they agree that more than 70% of dust from sandstorms comes from exposed farmland, and the ecological benefit is to reduce sandstorms."

Sun Changbao also said: Conservation tillage can reduce surface runoff by 50-60% and reduce soil loss by about 80%; it can increase soil water storage by 16-19%; improve water use efficiency by 12-16%; and increase soil organic matter by 0.03-

0.06%; increase grain output by 13-16%; reduce operating costs by about 20%; reduce sandstorms caused by strong winds by about 60%. Sun Changbao told reporters: "Currently, conservation farming in Qinghai Province has gradually entered a state of healthy development. It has been in 10

A county has promoted no-till sowing area of ​​200,000 acres.”

On February 24, the reporter saw in the 1,500-acre demonstration square field in Fangxi Village, Fang Town, Heyang County, that the green strips of wheat fields were bright in color, with strong seedlings and flourishing tillers, and there was no sign of drought at all.

The drier the weather, the more prominent the advantages of . This is the basic evaluation of farmers in Weibei. In the case of more than 130 days of continuous drought, the seedlings of conventionally sown wheat fields are weak and yellow, and most of the wheat has dropped to Category III seedlings.

, while most of the thousands of acres of square fields under still maintain the first and second types of seedlings, and the contrast is very sharp.

Conservation tillage is completely opposite to traditional tillage. It uses mechanical methods to return straw to the field for mulching, without plowing, direct sowing, and subsoiling once every three years to facilitate soil water storage and reduce transpiration. Agricultural experts believe that this

The model is the most effective way for the north to overcome drought constraints and develop circular agriculture. Wheat in Weibei, our province, accounts for nearly 1/4 of the province's area. In dry farming areas with one harvest a year, 750,000 acres of wheat fields were cultivated under protective farming last year.

Distributed in more than 20 counties, districts and cities in Weibei. Xu Jinfu, an old farmer in Chengbei Village, Longting Town, Hancheng, told reporters that in this year's rare dry weather, the contrasting effect of was particularly prominent. The reporter learned from the Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau that in Weibei once a year

Compared with the previous year, the province's newly increased protective farming area reached 180,000 acres.

The drought resistance performance of this model is very obvious. The moisture content of the wheat protective tillage field in Qianyang Xinxi Village from the surface to 20 mm below reached 12.2%, which is 1-2 percentage points higher than that of traditional fields. The wheat yield of this model in Chengbei Village, Hancheng

The tillering and secondary root development of the plant are also very obvious, which are 2-4 and 4-5 taller than those in traditional fields.

The income-increasing conservation principle of wheat coincides with the straw mulching theory of Li Like, a famous dry farming expert in Shaanxi Province. Both of them make full use of the good water storage conditions of the Loess Plateau's spongy soil layer and use all the straw of the crops to cover it.

Cultivated land is used to reduce transpiration. In addition, requires less tossing of cultivated land, making full use of the uneven rainfall in time and space. Restoring cultivated land with straw is also conducive to improving soil organic matter and saving investment. From the 6-year-scale practice in the province

Look, reduces plowing and land preparation at least twice a year, saving farmers more than 20 yuan per mu. Zhang Jingxian, director of the Heyang Agricultural Machinery Bureau, said that during this year's drought, the income per mu increased by at least 80 kilograms compared with traditional fields.

Sexual farming can save 65 yuan per mu and increase efficiency, no problem. (Reporter Li Youmin)

When the sky is still dark, I have to go out on my bicycle. At that time, I will meet many donkeys going to the fields. In the village, every livestock has its own head, and people will not spend time raising them just because they are idle.

A donkey idle in the pen. After many mornings, we became familiar with each other like neighbors. I could identify which family's animal it was by the ringing of the bell, and then said hello to the owner walking behind the animal.

They can also recognize people. At first they would be frightened when they saw me riding a bicycle and gave way to me. Gradually they became familiar with me and ignored me. They knew that the person riding a bicycle from the opposite side was a young man, so they looked at me domineeringly.

When they come across me, I have to give way to them.

When I came back at noon, as soon as I entered the village entrance, I would see that the donkeys that I had met on the narrow road in the morning were all resting in the field. Their owner stopped them and himself halfway through the plowing, and stopped anywhere in the field.

A place where they can settle down easily. In their eyes, there is no difference between returning home and being in the fields. They raised their heads and glanced at me with their huge eyes. They didn’t know that I

What have I been doing this morning? I thought I was just a second-rate kid in the village wandering around with nothing to do. But I could clearly see them plowing a few steps in the morning.

In the village, except for a few people, every animal and object has its use. A worm will get up as early as a rooster and crawl down a tender vegetable leaf, and a piece of huji will also be in a tree.

On the morning after the rain, I was violently smashed to pieces by an iron hammer.

The time it takes to plow the fields for a while is just a working day in the eyes of the animals. They bury their heads in jealousy and just finish the plowing early and wait for their masters to feed them. Some young animals with four teeth are full of energy and are at the edge of the field.

When returning to the plow, they would howl at the female donkeys on the opposite field, hanging their black donkeys down and stretching them back and forth in the air. The young animals were the same as the young Erlengzi men. They saw other people's donkeys on the field.

Female donkeys, like their owners, will behave strangely when they see the daughter-in-law from a neighboring village going to the market on the field.

If the land is not plowed, it can remain barren for years. When you have time to walk on it, you will find that it is covered with weeds. It will not grow nothing because people do not cultivate it. It is better than human beings.

Animals are more diligent and conscious.

But once it is plowed, it will never be finished. One acre is the same as ten acres, and ten acres is the same as one hundred acres. People who own one mu and one hundred acres respectively will finish their work at noon earlier than the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Farm for a year, and then unload the land and go home. People with more land will not end up later than others because of more land, and people on the ground will not end up earlier than others because of less land. No one will end up because of these

Breeding grievances, the farmers of the fields would equitably distribute those hours of the year among the people and animals that walked up and down them.

In memory, the plow flashes here and there from time to time, making it difficult to forget.

Hearing the sound of spring thunder and the sound of thawing glaciers, the plow wakes up early and sets out early to prepare for spring plowing. It is taken off from the wooden nails of the earthen wall of the cattle and sheep pen, or carried from the corner of the utility room. In the farmyard,

The bright sunshine was shining warmly. My father was sitting on a small wooden bench under the old fruit tree in the middle of the courtyard, holding a plow in his arms. He looked here and there. When he saw a loose spot, he held an ax and inserted a few wooden wedges into it.

Beating and beating, sorting and compacting. Finally, I took a piece of magnet from a broken bowl and scratched the rust on the plowshare. After a short time, the piece became bright, shining brightly, reflecting the light of the sun. The tip of the plowshare was worn away.

, I have to go to the market to buy a new one. The plow that has been used for many years can still be used.

The earliest plows in my memory were all made of wood, except for the share. Carpenters from nearby villages chopped or bought elm or fruit wood, and sawed, planed, and drilled holes in less than a day.

After a lot of work, I made this kind of bright and delicious plow. I used a frame cart to pull it to the market and sold it. It was very popular and it was finished in a short time. After buying the plow, I had to go to the commodity store to buy a plow and set it in the prescribed position.

In an atmosphere of joy and joy, spring plowing has begun. People have been cooped up all winter, eager to come to the sunny fields early and enjoy the warmth of the sun. The whole family is out, leading mules and horses, carrying plows, and using frame carts to pull

Those who fertilized the seeds and those who picked up the castanopsis talked and laughed and walked happily to the fields.

The winter snow has long since disappeared, and the melted water has turned into ground vapor, which is like steam on the ground surface. I walked along the field ridge to my own field, hitched up the plow, and started sowing. In front were oxen or mules pulling horses, and behind were people holding plows.

Then there are those who sow seeds, those who spread fertilizers, and those who spread plant ash. They work in a long line in front and back, at the same speed and in cooperation with each other, and cultivate back and forth along the edge of the field.

Now in my hometown, farmers have little arable land. The land is small. Each family has only two or three acres. They can't cultivate it with a seeder. They still farm in the traditional way. Those who don't raise livestock have to pull the plow. Strong men pull it alone, and women or women with weak bodies can pull the plow.

The weaker ones work with two people. Most of them are willing to pay some money to rent other people's animals to sow seeds. With less land and fewer animals to raise, people who make farming and plowing appear in the village. They usually feed and fatten themselves.

The mules and horses were ready, and the plowshares were ready, waiting for people from the nearest village to rent them.

The most important thing in sowing is the person holding the plow. There are strict requirements on the depth of the furrow, the distance between the furrows, and the speed. If the plow is deep, the seeds will not come out, and the soil will rot deep in the soil; if the plow is shallow,

, the seeds are either killed by the sun, or dug out and eaten by crows and other birds. When the furrows are wide, the wheat seedlings are sparse, and there are few wheat straws, so not much grain can be harvested; when the furrows are narrow, the wheat seedlings are dense, and in years with lots of rain,

When there is strong wind, they will fall down and the seeds will not be full, so the farmer will have a bad harvest.

When sowing, once the plow is inserted into the fertile soil, the person holding the plow or the people following behind will only see the wet soil and furrows turned over on both sides of the plow, but no shadow of the plow. The plow is groping deep in the dark soil.

Moving forward. How dangerous is this! People keep their eyes open. When they see the big rocks blocking the way, they go around it. When they see the roaring river in front of them, they turn to the bridge and walk across. But Hua cannot do this.

It has no eyes and cannot speak. When it encounters trouble, it carries it alone. Everyone knows that deep in the earth, there are ceramic tiles, tree roots, and big rocks. If you are not careful, you will break the tiles.

.This kind of thing is called "harvesting" in my hometown, and it is very taboo. If this happens, I have to stop, buy a new one, replace it, and then start sowing again.

Most of the problems of "beating the grains" occur when plowing the land. When planting in the spring, the grains are inserted shallowly into the soil, only three to five inches, and the soil is fertile, so generally the pieces of grains will not be damaged. After autumn, when the land is covered with rain, people will step on it.

It is hardened into plates. Roots of crops and weeds of different thicknesses are entangled deep in the soil, and the roots can be broken in half if not careful.

There are several acres of watered land in front of my house next to the Kangguang Highway. The soil is fertile and the terrain is flat, so we harvest a lot of grain every year. During the midsummer rainy season, floods rush into the ground, bringing a lot of silt, and the terrain gradually increases. After autumn,

When plowing, my father was most worried. Firstly, he suspected that there were stones in the mud, and secondly, he suspected that the thick roots of big trees were sticking out of the ground, often damaging the blades unintentionally. My father would leave one or two steps away from the side of the tree.

If it is wide, use a shovel to plow it after plowing. Although this is more difficult and takes a lot of time, the stones, tiles, weeds and tree roots are removed, the soil is loosened, and the breakage of the plow is avoided.

Later, machine-made plows appeared. The wooden part of this kind of plow was turned on a lathe and coated with a layer of green paint. It was beautiful and elegant and well-made. The plow was wider than the original one, was bright, and turned left and right, making it easier to plow.

Much more energy.

When I was thirteen or fourteen years old, I was in junior high school. One autumn afternoon, while my father was away, my mother asked me to plow the freshly cut wheat fields in Yangshan Mountain. I tied a wooden plow with a hemp rope, carried it on my back, and held it in my hand.

Whip, I drove the mules up the mountain. When I got to the field, I hitched up the plow and started plowing along the lower side of the field. The first time I plowed, I felt panicked, nervous and curious. I know that plowing requires skill.

, If the plow is deep, the tip of the plowshare will penetrate into the ground, and the mule cannot pull it. If it is whipped and shouted hard, it will either break the rope or damage the plowshare. If the plow is shallow, it will not be able to turn out the grass roots in the ground, it will not loosen the ground, and it will not be able to plow the ground.

It worked. I held the wooden handle of the plow hard and tried to insert it at the edge of the field. At first, it was either swinging left or right, or it was deep and shallow. The mule saw that I was a novice and deliberately made me angry. Sometimes it would rush forward and sometimes it would stop.

, I raised my whip and whipped it twice, but it got angry and pulled me to the side with the plow. At this time, my head was covered with sweat and I couldn't catch my breath, so I had to fall on the wheat stubble with the plow.

He was gasping for air on the ground. After that, he rolled over and over again for a long time before finally plowing the ground.

Plows, like shovels, baskets, shovels, brooms, and trolleys, are indispensable to farmers. Among these agricultural tools, the plow seems to have a greater role and is closer to the soil. The plow plows and sows again and again.

By sowing seeds and plowing, we have contributed year after year of food, feeding our ancestors and continuing to flourish the fireworks in the world.

Canadian Conservation Tillage Agriculture

Date: 2010-07-28 Source: Contemporary Agricultural Machinery 2008.2 Zhang Jin

Canada has a vast territory, with a land area of ​​nearly 10 million km2 and a population of more than 32 million. It has 6782hm2 of cultivated land, accounting for 7.4% of the land area, and the per capita cultivated land of the agricultural labor force is 141.4hm2. The main crops include barley, wheat, oats, rapeseed, etc. Agriculture is Canada's most important country.

It is an extremely important part of the economy. 4.2% of Canada’s employment opportunities come from agriculture, and 8% of the GDP is created by the Ministry of Agriculture. Canada is vast and sparsely populated, and households engaged in agriculture only account for 3% to 4% of the country’s households.

%, which makes the country's agricultural mechanization level very high, with the per capita annual grain output of the agricultural labor force reaching more than 80 tons. 50% of Canada's agricultural products are exported, of which 80% of wheat is exported abroad, ranking third in the world after the United States.
To be continued...