Another discussion on the name system of father and son of the Khitan people - Liu Pujiang is centered on the Khitan large and small stone carvings unearthed in recent years

15 The Khitan small character "Epitaph of Yelu Zhixian" has a name, and the Chinese epitaph unearthed at the same time is translated as "Asali", 16 This is the translation of Yelu Qi's nickname in Liao Dynasty. The last two words above are Yelu Qi's second name Saban. The "Epitaph of Xiao Yi" contains "Yellow Sabanning, the Northern Privy Councilor Yelu Sabanning", 17 refers to Yelu Qi, and "Sabanning" is a different translation of Saban. This name is also found in Zhigai and the title of the first line, and this second place ends with it. Another example is found in "Epitaph of Yelu Qi" 12: Wodu Bowl·□li

This person is Yelu Qi's cousin. The Khitan small character "The Deputy Epitaph of Yelu" unearthed in the Yelu Qi family tomb in the Chaoketu Mountains of Arukorqin Banner, Inner Mongolia in 1996. The tomb owner was this person. According to the third line of the epitaph, the nickname of the tomb owner is, it can be seen that the Khitan large characters are equivalent to the Khitan small characters. In the Khitan small characters stone carvings, this word is often used in the phrase (first year). In the past, the Khitan text research group regarded it as a Chinese borrowing word, so the word was read as ju-uan. Later, Mr. Shi (Batu) changed it to [ ur].19 However, the pronunciation value of the original character is still unknown, so the nickname is translated as "□li", and the issue will be discussed in detail below. The second place of this person is found in the first line of the epitaph of "Epitaph of Yelu" and written, and the same word as the Khitan large characters. According to this word, it is often used in the Khitan small characters stone carvings. Mr. Geertai of the Qing Dynasty read it as uduwon, and it is believed that it is related to the word "Woduwan" in "History of Liao·Mandarin Interpretation". 20 The author believes that this conclusion is acceptable, so the second place of this person should also be translated as Woduwan or Eduwan. 21 The second place is also ended with.

15 According to Khitan characters and Khitan small characters, both are common words before the year number, and the translation with Qingning year number is the same. 16 See Zhao Zhiwei, Bao Ruijun: "Explanation of Khitan small characters (Epitaph of Yelu Zhixian)" Appendix, "Ethnic Language" No. 3, 2001, 39, 41. 17 Xiangnan: "Liao Dynasty Stone Carvings", Hebei Education Press, 1995, 623 pages. 18 See Qing Geertai, Liu Fengsheng et al.: "Research on Khitan small characters", China Social Sciences Press, 1985, 115-117. The statement of borrowing words in Chinese was originally created by Japanese scholar Hiromi Yamaro 19 See the truth: "The Mystery of the Heart - A New Process of Interpretation of Khitan Small Characters" (hereinafter referred to as "The Mystery of the Heart"), Liaoning National Publishing House, 1996, Postscript, pp. 657-658. 20 Qing Geertai: "Overview of the Research on Khitan Small Characters", Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Menglish Edition) Issue 4, 1999. According to "History of Liao·Mandarin Interpretation": "Wodu Bowl is a fruit." According to "Yingwei Zhi", the name of the "Wodu Bowl" by the Emperor Xingzong was called "Wodu Bowl, and the name of the Han Dynasty was Yanqing Palace. 21 "History of Liao" Volume 111 "Xiao Yuli Ye Biography", Volume 114 "Biography of Xiao Telie" both said that the master's character "Edu Bowl" is Edu Bowl.

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To sum up, the second noun ending of the two Khitan characters above, plus the word ending characters revealed in the article "First Interpretation", three second noun endings have been found in the Khitan characters stone carving materials. Since Khitan characters have five additional components for the second noun ending, I believe that there should be five corresponding word endings in the Khitan characters. With the increasing number of documents unearthed from Khitan characters and the continuous deepening of interpretation, it is expected that this legacy problem will be solved more successfully in the near future. In the article "First Interpretation", the author pointed out that the second noun end of the Khitan character and the additional components of the second noun end of the Khitan character can be connected. So, what is the correspondence between the second noun end of the Khitan character and the additional components of the Khitan character and the additional components of the Khitan character? This requires a specific analysis of the two ending components of the two ending components based on the Khitan character stone carving materials. (1) Many evidences of the additional components of the Khitan character's second noun end of the Khitan character show that this character can be connected with the second noun end of the Khitan character.

As mentioned above, the Khitan word "Epitaph of Yelu Xinie" in line 1, that is, the second name of the tomb owner, Xinie (Xi Nian), and the Khitan word of this name is found in line 2 of "Epitaph of Yelu Luli", written. 22 This means that in the "Epitaph of Xinie", the end of the Khitan word is equivalent to that of the Khitan word of the Khitan word. We can also provide some evidence for this. The 11th line of the "Epitaph of Yelu Xinie" means "deceased", and the word is written in the Khitan word (see "Epitaph of Yelu Zhixian" in line 20); the 30th line of the Khitan word "Epitaph of Yelu Qi" in line 30, meaning "marry", and the word is written in the Khitan word. 23 From the above examples, we can draw a conclusion, namely, the Khitan characters are connected with the Khitan characters, and the Khitan characters are connected with the Khitan characters. The Khitan characters are in line 2 of the Khitan characters "The Epitaph of the Dorolibulangjun", that is, the second name of the tomb owner, "Teidun". The Khitan characters with this name are found in line 2 of the "Epitaph of Xiao Zhonggong", written. Let's give another example. The Khitan characters are in line 12 of the Khitan characters "Yelu Xini", meaning "Feng (name)", and the Khitan characters are in line 2 of the Khitan characters "The Epitaph of the King Xu", written by "Feng" in line 2 of the Khitan characters "The Epitaph of the King Xu", and we can also draw the conclusion that the word "Teidun" has the same word ending as the word ending of the Khitan characters.

For example, the word "Yelu Qi Epitaph" appears three times in lines 4, 7, and 8 of the Khitan people, is the second commonly used by the Khitan people. It is translated as Di Yan or Eng Yan in Chinese. It is written in the Khitan small characters or,

22 The rubbing of the epitaph was originally published in Tang Cailan's "Selected Cultural Relics of Liao Shangjing" (Hohhot: Yuanfang Publishing House, 2005, page 148), but it was mistakenly called "Yelu Guiye Xi Tombstone". The issue of the name of the epitaph will be left to be explained below.

23 There are several slightly different ways to write "marry" in the Khitan small characters, and this way is the most common way to write it, see "Yeah"

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The end of the Khitan character is corresponding to the end of the Khitan character. For example, the Khitan character "The Epitaph of the Dorolibulangjun" in line 2 and the third line "Yelu Qi's Epitaph", which is synonymous with the Khitan character "The Second (name)", which can be seen as equivalent to, and equivalent.

The above examples illustrate the fact that when used as the second noun attachment component of the Khitan character, its pronunciation and grammatical meaning are exactly the same as those of the Khitan character. In the article "First Interpretation", the author pointed out that the range of the second noun attachment component of the Khitan character can be calculated as *in~ian, which mostly appears after the ? vowel; 24, and the range of the second noun attachment component (Khitan character) and (Khitan character) can be calculated as *in~?n, which is only adhered to the consonant or vowel u.

Let me give you an example to verify the differences between the additional components of the endings of the Khitan characters. As mentioned above, the Khitan character "The Epitaph of Yelu Xini" wrote the second name Xini (Xi Nian). The second line of the epitaph is Xining, the sixth-generation ancestor of Xini. According to the Chinese version "Yelu Xini" unearthed at the same time, it records: "The Grand Marshal of the King of Yue's military and horses is Xining, and the small name is Lu Bugu, which is the sixth-generation ancestor of Gong." 25 There is a biography of this person's "History of Liao" Volume 76, which says "Yelu Lu Bugu, and his name is Xinning". This "Lu Bugu" is a different translation of "Lu Bugu", and "Xinning" means "Xinning" means "Xinning ”. Look at the Khitan small characters. The Khitan small characters for "Xi Ni (Xi Nian)" are written in the second line of "Yelu Lu Li Epitaph"; the Khitan small characters for "Xi Ning (Xinning)" are written in the sixth line of "Yelu Nu Epitaph". 26: The first part of the second noun is attached to the consonant or vowel u. The original character is meshes and the word endings of the word 27; the second noun is mostly followed by the vowel, and it happens to have a vowel, and the word endings of the word 28: The word endings of the word 2 are and.

Lines 7, 8, 63 of the Epitaph of Lu Renxian, Lines 21, 22 of the Epitaph of Yelu Religion, etc. 24 Mr. Qing Geertai proposed a correction of the author's imitation. He believed that from the perspective of the harmony of vowels, the range of pronunciations of the sound value can be adjusted to?n~en. Jianshi's "Research on the Pronunciation of Several Common Original Characters of Khitan Small Characters", Journal of Inner Mongolia University, 2007, No. 4, pp. 7-9. 25 Gai Zhiyong: "Research on Stone Carvings of Liao Dynasty in Inner Mongolia", 357 Page.26 Volume 83 of "History of Liao" "Biography of Yelu Xiuge" says that his name is Xunning, which is also a different translation of Xi Ning. This name is written in the 6th line of the Khitan small character "Yelu Nu Epitaph", see Shi Jinmin, Appendix of Yu Ze/min's "Explanation and Interpretation of Khitan small characters (Yelu Nu Epitaph)", "National Language" No. 2, 2001, pages 65. 27 Qing Geertai: "The Interpretation of Khitan small characters", published by the Institute of Asian and African Language Culture, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, March 2002, pp. 80-81.

28 See Qing Geertai: "The Issue of Interpretation of Khitan Small Characters", page 94.

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(2) According to the information currently available, this character is connected to the second noun ending component of the Khitan small character.

The third line of the Khitan character "Yelu Qi Epitaph", is the second name of the tomb owner, Saban, this name is written in the 7th line of the Khitan character "Yelu Renxian Epitaph". 29 The second name of the tomb owner is Woduwan, this name is written in the 1st line of the Khitan character "Yelu Deputy Epitaph". This shows that the pronunciation, continuity characteristics and grammatical meaning of the second noun in Khitan character can be equated with the Khitan character. According to the inference of the article "First Interpretation", the sound value range of the second noun in the Khitan character can be temporarily considered *n~in, and is mostly adhered to the vowel o. The above analysis results are explained. , the three Khitan characters with the second noun ending components found in the Khitan characters, all of which correspond to the second noun ending components of the Khitan characters found previously: the Khitan characters are connected to the Khitan characters, the Khitan characters are connected to the Khitan characters, and the Khitan characters are connected to the Khitan characters. The other two Khitan characters are the second noun ending components, and the corresponding ending components of the Khitan characters are not found in the Khitan characters materials, and further research is needed in the future. Now, based on the research results of the "First Interpretation" and this article, the distribution of the additional components of the Khitan characters' second noun ending components are arranged as follows. Table of the distribution of the additional components of the Khitan characters' second noun ending components of the Khitan characters' second noun ending

End type

Continuing features

Use Cases

Source

Khitan small characters

Only adhere to consonant or vowel u (Xi Ning, Xin Ning, Sunning)

"Epitaph of Yelunu"

Khitan characters

Same as above (Xi Ning, Xin Ning, Sunning)

"Epitaph of Yelu Xinie"

Khitan small characters

Most of them appear after vowels like this (Xi Nirvana, Xi Ni)

"Epitaph of Yelu Fengli"

Khitan characters

Same as above (Xi Nirvana, Xi Neng)

"Epitaph of Yelu Xinie"

Khitan small characters

Mostly adhere to the vowel o (Saban, Saban, Saben, etc.)

"Epitaph of Yelu Renxian"

Khitan characters

Same as (Saban, Sabanin)

"Epitaph of Yelu Qi"

29 Mr. Jishi translated this name as "Sabuben" (see "Interpretation of (Bai Neighbor's Tombstone)" and "Mystery Forum" page 210), which is inconsistent with the translation examples of the Liao Dynasty. In "History of Liao", Saban, Saban, Saban, Saban, Saben and Saben, are common Khitan names, which are the Chinese translations of this word. 30 Mr. Geertai of the Qing Dynasty objected to this inference, and he believed that it could be read as on, see "Research on the pronunciation of several commonly used original characters in Khitan Small Characters", page 9.

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Khitan small characters

Mostly appear after vowels (lazy)

"Epitaph of Yelu Dilie"

Khitan characters?

Same as above

wait for verification

Khitan small characters

Can adhere after vowel u (Bruen)

"The Epitaph of Xiao Tu's Ancient Word"

Khitan characters?

Same as above

wait for verification

The phenomenon of father and son's name in the two Khitan large-character stone carvings has been revealed in the article "First Interpretation" in a total of ten examples of the names of the Khitan father and son, four of which are from Khitan small-character stone carvings, two from Khitan large-character stone carvings, and four from Chinese documents. In recent years, from several newly published Khitan large-character stone carvings, the author has found several examples of father and son's name, which are described as follows. (1) Yelu Mawei and Yelu Pulu

In July 2002, the Balin Left Banner Museum of Inner Mongolia collected a small-character epitaph of the Khitan. Due to differences in the name of the tomb owner, there is still a lot of controversy about the name of the tombstone. Mr. Liu Fenghong initially named the epitaph of the epitaph of Yelu Guiyesi, and later changed it to the epitaph of Yelu Gui, "Epitaph of Yelu Diligu", or "Epitaph of Yelu Gui Diligu"; 32 Professor Wula Xichun called it "Epitaph of Yelu Yili Yantaibao" or "Epitaph of Yelu Yili Yantaibao"

33 According to the preliminary interpretation of the epitaph, we know that the full name of the tomb owner is known. The so-called "Diligu" is a transliteration of the nickname of the tomb owner. "It is rare", and "Qi" and "Yiliyan" are different translations of the second tomb owner. In my opinion, these translations are not worthy of trust. In fact, the pronunciation of the word "The nickname of the tomb owner" should be relatively clear. According to the "Epitaph of Yelu Renxian", the tomb owner is commonly called "The Encyclopedia of the Tomb owner", which is the word "Renxian" called "The Second Name" in "History of Liao: Biography of Yelu Renxian", 34.

31 See Tang Cailan's "Selected Cultural Relics of Liao Shangjing", page 148. The rubbings of the epitaph published in this book are adopted by Mr. Liu Fengsheng. 32 See Liu Fengsheng et al.: "Explanation and Interpretation of the Liao Dynasty (Epitaph of Yelu Longyou) and (Epitaph of Yelu Gui)", "Literature and History" 2006, pp. 4, pp. 116-142. 33 Aisin Gioro Wula Xichun: "The Royal Family of the Dynasty - Jin Wei"
Chapter completed!