The peasant uprising led by Huang Chao led hundreds of thousands of people to fight in more than a dozen provinces, and lasted for more than ten years. It was an unprecedentedly magnificent and heroic peasant revolutionary war in Chinese history, writing a brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese peasant war. It severely hit the rule of the Tang Dynasty and showed the transformation of peasant wars on feudal society. At the same time, the uprising also weakened the separatist forces of the vassal states and broke the original balance between the central and the vassal states and the vassal states. Most of the peasant troops were killed in the battle of Langhu Valley north of Laiwu, and Huang Chao committed suicide. Huang Chao was born into a salt merchant family and was good at riding and shooting.

, with a rough brush and ink, and he had few poetic talents. When Huang Chao was five years old, his grandfather asked him to write poems for chrysanthemums. After Huang Chao thought for a long time, he replied, "It is worthy of the head of the flowers, and naturally the heaven gave him yellow clothes." Chao's father blamed him for being arrogant and wanted to hit Huang Chao. Huang Chao's grandfather said, "Sun can do poems, but he does not know the importance of them, so he can write another article." After Huang Chao agreed, he did not think about it and said, "The rustling west wind is planted all over the yard, and the cold butterflies are hard to come. If I were the Qing Emperor in another year, I would like to give the peach blossoms to bloom." From this point of view, Huang Chao has been lofty since he was a child and is very proud, which is different from the general.

But after becoming an adult, he failed the exam many times. A year before the Wang Xianzhi Uprising, a severe drought occurred in Guandong. Officials forced the people to pay rent and taxes and serve in the service. The people were desperate and gathered around Huang Chao and had many armed conflicts with officials of the Tang court. In the second year of Qianfu (875 AD), Wang Xianzhi, Shang Rang and others raised troops in Changyuan (now northeast of Changyuan, Henan). Huang Chao raised troops with his nephew Huang Kui and Huang Enye and other eight others in response to Wang Xianzhi.

The Huang Chao army initially attacked Yizhou in the east (now Linyi, Shandong) but failed to defeat it; it turned to Shandong, Henan and other places, and captured eight counties including Yangdi (now Yu County, Henan), Jiacheng (now Jia County, Henan) and other counties; it advanced to Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan).

In September of the third year of Qianfu, he conquered Ruzhou and pointed directly to the eastern capital Luoyang. Later, the leader of the uprising, Wang Xianzhi, expressed his willingness to accept the recruitment and led the left Shence Army to escort the teeth and supervise the censor. Huang Chao firmly opposed it and scolded Xianzhi, "Since I made a great oath with you and ran around the world. Now you take the official position alone, so that these more than 5,000 people will be home?" Then he injured Xianzhi's head with a stick, and his head was broken and blood was flowing. The crowd was clamoring. The recruitment failed, and the two armies soon split.

More than 3,000 people followed Xianzhi. Xianzhi plundered Qizhou, and Huang Chao led 2,000 troops northward. In February of the fourth year of Qianfu (877 AD), Huang Chao led his army to capture Yunzhou (now Yuncheng, Shandong) and killed the Jiedushi Xue Chong. In March, he defeated Yizhou. Wang Xianzhi once captured Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and Wang and Huang once again joined forces to attack Songzhou (now south of Shangqiu, Henan). Soon, the troops were divided. Xianzhi turned to attack Yingzhou, and the Tang Dynasty recruited Yang, deputy chief supervisor.

Fu Guang lured surrender again, Xianzhi sent Shang Junchang, Chu Yanwei and others to surrender. In the middle, he was kidnapped by Song Wei, the envoy of Tang Dynasty. Song Wei was greedy for merit and reported victory. Shang Junchang and others were transferred to Chang'an and were killed. Xianzhi was furious and the matter of surrendering the enemy failed again. The court used Song Wei's "killing Shang Junchang" to suppress "no merit", removed his military power, promoted Zeng Yuanyu to recruit envoy, and transferred Gao Pian, the governor of Xichuan, to serve as the governor of Jingnan. At the beginning of the fifth year of Qianfu, Zhang

Xianzhi's army captured Luocheng in Jingnan (now Jiangling, Hubei). As the Shatuo army arrived, it burned and plundered Jiangling and left, and moved to Shenzhou. In February of the fifth year of Qianfu (878 AD), Wang Xianzhi was defeated in Huangmei (now northwest of Huangmei, Hubei) and was beheaded by Zeng Yuanyu's troops. The remaining troops fled to Bozhou (now Bozhou City, Anhui) and defected to Huang Chao, proclaimed Huang Chao as Huangwang, proclaimed himself "General Chongtian", fought in the Huanghuai Basin, and marched into the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In August of the first year of Guangming (880 AD), Huang Chao's army defeated Cao Quansheng and crossed the Huaihe River. Huaibei was in a hurry. Gao Pian was frightened by his power and stood guard at Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), preserving his strength. The states and counties fell in love with the wind. In October, Huang Chao captured Shenzhou (now Xinyang, Henan), entered Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan), Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), Yanzhou (now Shandong).

Yanzhou). In November, Huang Chao arrived in Ruzhou, and on the 17th, he captured the eastern capital Luoyang. Liu Yunzhang led all officials to welcome him. More than ten days later, he led troops from Luoyang to the west, and fought fiercely for only six days. On the third day of December, he captured Tongguan (now northeast of Tongguan, Shaanxi), and on the fourth day of the day, he captured Huazhou (now Huaxian, Shaanxi), and later arrived at Bashang. On the fifth day of the day (January 8, 881), Emperor Xizong of Tang took his followers Tian Lingzi and others to flee to Chengdu, Sichuan in a hurry.

In the first year of Zhonghe (881 AD), Huang Chao's army entered Chang'an. General Zhang Zhifang of Jinwu led his troops to welcome Huang Chao's army into the city, "punishing the people and not plagiarizing wealth." The masses reached millions of troops. After entering the city, the military discipline was strict and the neighborhood was peaceful. He told the people of the city: "The Huang King raised an army and was originally a commoner. He did not love you Cao, but you didn't live in peace." He distributed wealth to the poor, and the people attended to welcome him. In November of the first year of Guangming (January 16, 881), he was located in Hanyuan Hall and established the Daqi regime, with the reign of the Jintong.

In the second year of Zhonghe (882 AD), Emperor Xizong of Tang in Sichuan counterattacked. In September, the general of the Qi army, Zhu Wen, surrendered to the Tang army during the battle with Wang Chongrong in Tongzhou (now Dali, Xixi), and was appointed as the General of the Right Jinwu, and was named Quanzhong. Li Keyong of the Shatuo tribe led reinforcements to assist the Tang Dynasty and led more than 10,000 troops south. The Qi army general Zhao Zhang died in battle, and Huazhou and Lantian were successively lost. Huang Chao withdrew from Chang'an in April of the third year of Zhonghe.

In the spring of the fourth year of Zhonghe (884 AD), Li Keyong led 50,000 troops to cross south from Hezhong, defeating Qi army in Taikang, Bianhe and Wang Mandu. Huang Chao had to go to Shandong. In March of the same year, Zhu Wen defeated Huang Chao at Wang Mandu (now north of Zhongmu, Henan). Huang Chao's subordinates Li Xi, Ge Congzhou, Yang Neng, Huo Cun, Zhang Guiba, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guibian and others surrendered to Zhu Wen; Huang Chao's remaining troops fled to the northeast and met Li Keyong Fengqiu (now Fengqiu, Henan). It was rained heavily at that time. Huang Chao gathered nearly 1,000 troops to run for Yanzhou. "Keyong's army ran day and night, and could not get a nest, so he returned." ("New Book of Tang·Biography 150 · Rebel Ministers"), on June 15, Shi Pu, the governor of Wuning, sent Li Shiyue to lead 10,000 troops, and surrendered general Shangrang to pursue him closely.

Later, most of the peasant army was killed in the battle of Langhu Valley north of Laiwu, Shandong, and Huang Chao committed suicide.

The peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty led by Huang Chao led hundreds of thousands of people to fight in more than a dozen provinces, and lasted for more than ten years. It was an unprecedentedly magnificent and heroic peasant revolutionary war in Chinese history, writing a brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese peasant war. It severely hit the rule of the Tang Dynasty and showed the role of peasant war in transforming feudal society. At the same time, the uprising also broke the original balance between the central government and the vassal states and the vassal states.
Chapter completed!