Chapter 183: The Horse Market
There were crowds of people in front of them, surrounded by a group of Mongolians, and they also exclaimed from time to time.
Daerhan walked over with his sisters, not wanting to watch the fun. It happened that a Mongolian Taiji came over with his followers. The Mongolians consciously stopped and the three of them also saw the onlookers.
A large mirror is one size smaller than the fitting mirror of later generations, but it was already a unique and stunning existence in the world at that time.
Of course, this was not the biggest in the Ming Dynasty. In the capital, in Jiangnan, and in Japan, there were sales that were even bigger than this, and of course the price was ridiculously high.
And this big mirror was shipped by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and displayed as a sample.
I didn't think that the Mongols could afford it. It was just a show of showing off, so that the Mongols could open their eyes and know the Ming Dynasty's objects, the dragon light shot the bullfighting ruins!
Mongolian Taiji widened his eyes, his face full of surprise and surprise. He approached carefully, shook his head lightly, and reached out to touch his face. Only then could he believe that the portrait in the mirror was himself.
The guy beside the mirror curled his lips and secretly laughed at him for being a local bun.
In fact, mirrors are still high-end products now, and people in the Ming Dynasty cannot afford them, and they may not have seen many of them.
"This, this is-" Mongolian Taiji looked left and right, and was amazed.
"This is a glass treasure mirror." The guy smiled on his face, but he was still a little arrogant. "It was also priceless in the Ming Dynasty. This time, the horse market will be displayed as a treasure in the store."
As he said that, the guy reached out and pointed to the shelf and said, "These treasure mirrors are a little small, they are sold to the public, and they are clearly marked with prices, so they are not deceived."
There are more than a dozen round mirrors as big as palms on the shelves, reflecting the sunlight, making the light fluctuate, giving people a dazzling feeling.
Mongolian Taiji just looked at the small mirror, then looked at the big mirror again and stared at it. After a while, he reached out and asked in stiff Chinese words: "How much does this treasure mirror cost?"
"This--" The guy was stunned for a moment and quickly replied: "This is a display product in the town store and is not sold to the public."
"Since it has been put out, why don't you sell it?" Tong Yi stepped forward and said, "Whether it's a store or a display, there's always a price? Do you bully us Mongolians and think we are poor and can't afford it?"
Mongolian Taiji raised his chest and looked around. The followers held the silk and cotton cloth, looking like a rich man.
The guy scratched his head, a little confused. In addition, other Mongolians made a fuss, so he was not easy to deal with.
"What's going on?" Several Ming soldiers came over, and the Mongolians who were making noise immediately calmed down.
The noisy sound had already alarmed the manager behind him. He frowned and walked out. The guy hurried forward to explain the whole story.
The manager nodded, explained a few words to the Ming soldiers with a smile on his face, sent them away, and then turned around to look at the somewhat despairing Mongolian Taiji.
"Although this treasure mirror is for a shop, it's not impossible to buy it." The manager thought for a while, let go and said, "The price of those little treasure mirrors is thirty silver dollars (about twenty-two taels of silver)."
After pausing, he pointed to the big treasure mirror and said, "You must know that the bigger the treasure mirror, the more difficult it is. Therefore, the price of this treasure mirror is 500 silver dollars (360 taels of silver)."
How expensive?! According to the price of silver in the Ming Dynasty, one tael of silver is about 600 yuan for the next generation. If you take a whole, it will be calculated as 600 yuan, which is 360 taels, which is at least 210,000 yuan.
The small mirror is 13,000 yuan and 22 taels of silver, which is almost the price of a cow or a pretty good war horse at that time.
The market transactions in Horse Market are really not a big deal, and the price is set more reasonably. After all, the Chinese Chamber of Commerce is taking the idea of long-term trading.
Even so, their profits are extremely abundant. Especially for luxury goods like mirrors, they can make almost one-third of the huge profits after picking up goods from the royal family.
As for the royal family, it can only be called huge profits. The cost and wages are not even a fraction of the price of the mirror, and it is simply a shady heart.
Three hundred and sixty taels of silver, five hundred silver dollars?! This is a huge sum of money that ordinary people dare not imagine.
But for Mongolian Taiji, although it is a considerable amount of money, it is not impossible to make it.
Like the Ming Dynasty society, ordinary herders were poor, while those who were rich were Taiji and Beile. Who doesn’t have a net worth of millions or millions?
Of course, wealth is reflected in another form, that is, herds of cattle, sheep, and horses.
One cow is about ten thousand, and one big mirror is only more than twenty cows; if it is a good horse, it will be even more valuable.
In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to obtain enough horses, the Ming Dynasty forced the people to raise horses for requisition by the government, but the people were unwilling to do so and would rather kill the horses and pay for them than raise horses for requisition by the government.
Later, due to the lack of horses, the Ming Dynasty had to change to buy horses, that is, spending money to buy horses from the people.
With the implementation of this policy, a large number of private horse farms emerged in Hebei and Shandong, specializing in horse breeding to the official sale.
Therefore, the price of buying a horse generally fluctuates between 10 and 15 liang. The private carriage transportation industry has also flourished.
In the late Ming Dynasty, because the trade channel for Mongolia was opened, the number of cheaper horses could be purchased from Mongolia, so the purchase of horses from private horses was stopped, resulting in the bankruptcy of private horse farms in Hebei and Shandong.
Although it is cheaper to buy horses from Mongolia, the price of horses purchased by the Ming Dynasty has not been reduced. As for the difference, you don’t have to think about where they are going.
By the end of the Ming Dynasty, with the large-scale bankruptcy of the Shandong horse farm in Hebei and the rebellion of the Later Jin Dynasty, the cost of buying horses from Mongolia surged, reaching fifty taels of silver per horse at the peak.
Now the horse prices have not reached their peak, and the court has increased the number of horses purchased from right-wing Mongolia. Corrupt officials have been severely punished, causing the horse prices to be below fifteen taels.
With the restoration of Guangning, the border trade between the left-wing Mongolian tribes will be reopened, and the prices of horses, cattle and sheep will be lowered again, which is also a good thing that will benefit the Ming Dynasty.
The best war horses are a little more expensive and can be used by flying cavalry; the dragoons have low requirements and can only ride on the road; the baggage cannon trucks and other ordinary pack horses can also be competent.
If we estimate the value of silk, cloth, iron pot, or even mirrors, and trade with cattle and horses, Ming Dynasty will make sure to make a profit and not lose money.
But the Mongolians did not think they were at a disadvantage. These were all necessary foods for their lives. In their eyes, cattle, horses and sheep were not worth so high.
Therefore, opening the Ma market is a win-win situation, and everyone thinks it is good. Although the Ming Dynasty took the initiative and often used this as an economic means to control the Mongolian tribes. But if the Ma market is closed, the Mongolians will definitely be anxious about you.
The Chinese Chamber of Commerce is obviously a bit prejudiced by the situation of Mongolian tribes, believing that high-end luxury goods are not suitable for them, and that daily necessities are the mainstream.
But they obviously underestimated the wealth of the Mongolian nobles. They rushed over hundreds of cattle and horses, but they didn't hurt their muscles. What happened to buy a big mirror?
Poverty limits people's imagination, and this sentence applies equally in ancient times and modern times.
It is already a well-off family if the people can earn twenty taels of silver a year; but those rich and wealthy people who are free and happy in the gold cave have spent a lot of money and remain unchanged.
Dong Xiaoyuan's redemption fee was 3,000 taels of silver, equivalent to more than 1.8 million yuan; Chen Yuanyuan offered a song and asked for ten taels of silver, and in the end he was bought out by the father-in-law for 50,000 taels of silver. This was due to the preferential price for the royal relatives!
The Mongolian Taijiling entourage went back and sold the cattle and horses at the market price, exchanged them for silver dollars, bought the mirror, and there were two heavy bags of silver dollars left!
The manager's eyes were a little straight. I didn't expect that the Mongolians could buy such a high-end thing. I had to report it quickly and try to get a few more items before the market opened next time.
This mirror made at least 150 or 60 silver dollars, which was too cost-effective. What's the difference in profits from selling silk, cloth, iron pots, etc.?
"Our family can afford it." Bumubutai sneaked over, looked in the mirror and quickly retreated. After being surprised, he curled his lips and said something angry, "Look at that guy's arrogant look, he looks like a big fool."
Hai Lanzhu smiled, grabbed the girl's hand and walked forward, not worrying that she would act alone again.
Dahn followed, sighed, opened his mouth, but said nothing.
The father of the two sisters, Bu Hegui, was Beile of the Korchin tribe, and also had the official position of Zaisang, which meant to be the prime minister. Such a status naturally led to rich wealth.
At that time, Taiji, the nobles in the Mongolian tribe, were equivalent to lords. In addition to serving in military service, herders had to pay livestock and livestock products to them and bear various labor.
In addition to these incomes, Mongolian Taiji also had the rewards from the Ming Dynasty. It was the consistent policy of the Ming court that controlled the chiefs to manage the Mongolian people through rewards and detention, and it was very attractive to the Mongolian nobles.
Of course, if you want to get a reward, not only will there be a quota limit, but you must also abide by the agreement with the Ming court. The reward is usually given in the form of silver, cloth, silk, rice and grain, and the targets include leaders, Taiji, and if you are not rogue, you will be more than prostitutes and other Mongolian nobles.
It can be seen that the political system of Mongolian tribes is similar to that of chieftains. The lowest herders, whether they are free people, people, or slaves, are forcibly fixed in designated pastures, ruled by nobles at all levels, and are exploited and enslaved by layers of exploitation and enslavement.
For ordinary herdsmen, let alone mirrors, they are essential daily necessities, and they are also careful in their budgets and dare not waste the horses, cattle and sheep they have worked hard to raise.
Iron pots must be bought, cloth ranks second, tea and salt ranks third; silk and porcelain are affordable by noble men; as for grain, the Ming Dynasty sold uniformly according to tribes, and the quantity was fixed, and individuals did not sell it.
Despite various regulations and restrictions, the Mongolians were quite satisfied with this horse market transaction. Nothing else, the price was fair and much more affordable than the previous trade.
The Mongolians felt that it was affordable, and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce made money, and the court also gained the greatest benefits. All three families were satisfied, and the only one who would resent was probably the Shanxi merchants who had monopolized border trade in the past.
It was precisely because the imperial court was too relaxed about border trade and left it all to Shanxi merchants to monopolize it. Not only did the imperial court's tax revenue not high, but the Shanxi merchants cheated the Mongolians into making black money, but also caused resentment and dissatisfaction among the Mongolians.
It is still left to businessmen to operate, but the intensity of supervision and control is incomparable. The Chinese Chamber of Commerce dares not evade taxes, and often responds to calls and contributes to the court.
At the same time, this also prevents officials from interfering in border trade and corruption. For example, Gaohuai and Liao riots caused ethnic conflicts in border trade and caused serious consequences.
Profits through border trade and maintaining peace on the border are not the whole purpose. Attracting poor Mongolian herders to naturalize, and joining the Mongolian tribes together and divide and govern them is a longer-term plan.
Others take one step at a time, while Zhu Youxiao takes three steps at a time, and is already designing the political and military direction after Ping Liao.
If you follow the rules of the Ming Dynasty and do business well, you will naturally continue to be peaceful; if you are insatiable, you can beat you up and look for teeth all over the ground.
After pacifying Liao, the more severe Lin Danhan's mad cow disease attack, the better it was. It was the help of the Ming Dynasty to solve the nomadic peoples.
Of course, few people know His Majesty’s ambitions, and they don’t know that the Little Ice Age was also a very fatal blow to the nomads in the north.
Daerhan and the two sisters walked out of the market and headed towards the designated meeting place. The three of them became silent and had different thoughts.
"Why did the Korqin tribe form an alliance with the Later Jin Dynasty, which angered Lindanbatuer and offended the Ming Kingdom?" Hai Lanzhu frowned slightly and asked strangely when she saw that there was no one around.
This is really a very complicated issue. Lin Danhan's powerful dominance, the rise of the Later Jin Dynasty, the Ming army's consecutive defeats in Liaodong, the blocked border trade with the Ming Dynasty, etc. are all one of the reasons.
If history does not change, it proves the wisdom of the Korqin tribe to surrender to the Later Jin Dynasty. It not only resisted the annexation of Lin Dankhan, but also gained a lot of benefits from the continuous victory of the Later Jin Dynasty.
But now, the family is destroyed, and the cause of the disaster is the alliance with the Later Jin Dynasty, which led to the attack of the Ming and Mongolian coalition forces. Hai Lanzhu only thought of this, and it is not surprising that she raised this question.
Daerhan smiled bitterly and said slowly: "Korqin is in the cracks. The Ming Dynasty, Lindanbatuer, and the Later Jin Dynasty are not easy to mess with. At that time, the Ming army lost consecutive battles and abandoned Guangning; Lindanbatuer also forced him very closely and relying on the Later Jin Dynasty was a last resort."
Sighing heavily, Daerhan continued, "Who would have thought that the Later Jin Dynasty would be defeated one after another, the Ming army would become stronger and stronger, and would recapture Guangning. If this attack on Korqin was not supported by the Ming army, it might not be the result of the current situation. The reinforcements of the Later Jin Dynasty - Alas, I'm afraid there would be no time."
Bumubutai blinked his eyes, looked at Daerhan, then looked at his sister, and sighed heavily, "Things of the world are unpredictable!"
Hai Lanzhu looked at the girl's expression and couldn't help but cover her mouth and laugh.
Bumubutai was stunned by the laughter. He didn't know what she said wrong, but he didn't know that it was her unintentional old-fashioned aura that made Sister laugh.
At this moment, the sound of thunderous horse hooves came from behind, and the three of them hurriedly asked to the side of the road. Looking back, they saw smoke and dust rising, and a large group of cavalry were racing towards them.
Chapter completed!