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Shu, before I knew it, it was already the summer of 1908: The event was held at the same time, the 1908 Beijing Olympics, and the International Expo. Originally, there were Rome >+ City that applied to host the 4th Olympics in 1908.

Berlin was forced to withdraw its application due to lack of government support. After a secret vote by the International Olympic Committee, the meeting was chosen in Rome. Due to multiple earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, the Italian economy suffered huge losses. During the Athens Games in 1906, Rome proposed that due to financial difficulties, he was unable to build sports construction and announced that he would give up the right to host. Time was tight and the Olympics could not be postponed.

The International Olympic Committee turned to Beijing for help. With Zhao Gang's support, China happily agreed that the sports meeting was held as scheduled in Beijing. The Olympic Games Preparatory Committee was immediately established, and at a faster speed, more than a dozen large stadiums were built in the suburbs outside Xizhimen, Beijing, including a 100-meter-long and wide swimming pool, as well as bicycle tracts, etc., which were far larger than the Chicago Olympics.

The most advanced 000 spectators were larger than any stadium at that time, with complete facilities and advanced. The track was 400, which became the standard track length in the future. Since the Olympic Games were launched, athletes have competed on a relatively standard track for the first time.

Electric timers and end-point photography equipment were installed experimentally on the field. The time was accurate to one tenth of a second. In the first four Olympic Games, all timing events were made with manual timing. Moreover, because the equipment was expensive, only the first few players were qualified to count the results. The results of the players behind were still manual timing.

This Olympic Games relied on finishing photography equipment to solve the ranking problem. However, this type of advanced device had great limitations at that time because its price was too expensive and difficult to popularize. Therefore, it was not used in the following Olympic Games, and it was not used again until the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. However, due to the use of advanced equipment and the timing accuracy, many excellent results were indeed achieved in the track and field competitions of this Olympic Games.

The 100 score of Lipincote in the United States was 106 (preliminary); the 800 score of Meretis in the United States was 1 minute 51 seconds 9; the German team's 4100 relay score was 42. These results were later recognized by the International Federation as the first official world record in its event.

The emblem pattern of the Beijing Olympic Games in China condenses the yearning for the Olympics by athletes from all over the world: it describes a team of agile Olympic athletes waving their respective national flags toward the Olympic stadium. From this we can faintly smell the atmosphere of the ancient Olympics. The emblem fully reflects the bodybuilding and vitality of the Chinese.

The design of the medal is completely based on the same content as the last Chicago Olympics. The award-winning athletes are the main body, and the two women in the sitting position are crowned with laurel crowns. The difference is to remove the words on the stone base and change them to the reverse side of the medal. The reverse side of the medal is a woman holding a dove of peace, symbolizing the nature of the Olympics. Next to it is a half-body statue of Zhao Gang, the founder of New China. The surrounding medal is engraved with the words of the 1908 Beijing Olympics in ancient Chinese writing.

The round medal has a diameter of 3.3 cm and a thickness of 1.5 meters for gold medals. The silver medal, silver medal and bronze medal are both 2.5 mm. The weight is 24 grams for gold medals, 18.2 grams for silver medals, 16.5 grams for silver medals, and 19 grams for silver medals.

The medal designer is bertrammackennal, who is also the medal designer of the last Olympic Games; the opposite designer is Zhao Gang, the Emperor of China. A demigod with a mysterious color.

July 6, 1908>..Long, the sun shines brightly. The audience is crowded with people. At 11 a.m., Chinese Emperor Zhao Gang and International Olympic Committee officials headed by Coubertin visited the conference. The emperor delivered the opening speech.

The conference held a grand ceremony for the first time. Chinese girls performed wonderful singing and dancing performances, and since then they formed a tradition. There were 28 countries invited to participate in the competition, with a total of 2,547 athletes. The countries participating for the competition for the first time were Egypt, Luxembourg, Portugal, Syria and India. The host team was the largest, 482. The second was the UK, 293. Norway ranked third. 207. Finland 186 and Germany 185. The number of countries and athletes participating in this competition was record.

Compared with the previous session, the competition events have been cut a lot. For example, boxing, the host China believes that boxing is too violent, harmful to human health, and does not conform to the purpose of sports, so it cancels this event when organizing and setting up sports events, and replaces it with traditional Chinese martial arts.

This is a pity for many people who love boxing. The final competitions were determined, including martial arts, track and field, swimming (including diving; water polo), bicycles, shooting, gymnastics, wrestling (classical) equestrians, fencing, modern pentathlon, rowing, sailing football and tennis; women have swimming (including diving) and tennis.

It formed a basic prototype for the establishment of future Olympic events. Although the competition kicked off before the July curtain ceremony, the competition for major events, including track and field, was still beaten after the opening ceremony. The Chinese are extremely concerned about the competition, with the audience of each game being over 5. It has set the highest level of the previous Olympics. This record was broken only at the Sydney Olympics 40 years later.

The first women's diving competition was held. The champion was Manisan, a Chinese. She came from the Indochina Peninsula (Indochina Peninsula). She was the only one who had the courage to move from a 12-meter-high platform. This became this one.

One of the champions, after that, this event was cancelled and turned into a three-meter jump

Track and field competitions have always been the most valued event in the Olympic stadium. From July 6 to the Royal Sports Field, the competition was included in the standard events such as 5000m c0m 4100 relay for the first time. The registration was extremely enthusiastic. 7 people participated in the 100m 100m and 13 teams with 4x100 relays. A total of 28 countries participated in the track and field competitions. The athletes in the 100 competitions were divided into 17 groups for the preliminaries, and then the second competition, the semi-finals, and the finals. The 200 running was divided into 18 groups for the preliminaries. 5000 and 10000 also held several preliminaries.

Since the Olympics were held, the American team, which has always had an absolute advantage in track and field competitions, lost 100,200 two sprint championships for the first time at the last Chicago Olympics, and this time they were determined to make a comeback in this year's war. When they came to Beijing on the Finnish ship, they specially installed a cork track on the ship, and even during the journey across the Atlantic Ocean, they never stopped training. They did what they wanted. A college student named La Craig won the championship in these two sprint events.

In the 100 preliminaries, he heard that the German player had scored 105 and was in the same group as himself, so he wanted to use the snatch tactic to destroy the opponent: the run was successful, and the opponent had been defeated by his "nervous war". Craig easily won the first place in the group and entered the final. In the final, he won the championship with a time of 10.8 seconds, winning the gold medal in the sprint for the United States.

Similarly, 800 also had fierce competition. 1500 broke the Olympic record and wrote down brilliant results.

The distance to the marathon was set by the Chicago Olympics, and the four Olympics were not adopted. After the planned route, the entire 40 kilometers were all planned. During the competition, it encountered a hot day. Most of the 68 participants withdrew from the competition halfway. Due to the fraud incidents in previous sessions, the supervision of this marathon was very strict, and the first time the fence was used to separate the audience and the participants.

When they were three miles away from the stadium, the two South African players ran together and left the other players far away. When the two passed the last water supply station, Gitsham stopped to drink water, and mcarthur told him that he would wait for him. But no matter how he said that, he continued to run forward until the distance that Gitsham could not catch up with, and then ran back to the stadium first and won the marathon gold medal. Teammates were angrily deceived and could only watch the gold medal fall into the hands of others and get the silver medal himself.

An unfortunate incident occurred in this Olympic marathon. Portugal's 21-year-old Franciscolazaro was close to the finish line on the way to the competition. He fainted and fell into shock due to sunlight and was sent to the hospital. However, he unfortunately died at the second hour of the competition.

This unfortunate incident was dealt with immediately. In the future marathon, doctors and paramedics were present along the way to prevent all participants from having heat stroke and other conditions.

The last throwing event was divided into classical and free throws. This time, the pattern changed to one-handed and left-handed shots, respectively, and left-handed shots were counted separately. The left-handed shots were ranked by the total scores of the two. In the two events where the pentathlon and decathlon were the longest-lasting and the athletes were most exhausted, American player Jim Thorpe was the best in the world with amazing perseverance and unparalleled skills. He was praised by Chinese Emperor Zhao Gang as "the greatest athlete of our time", and made a name for himself in this Olympics and became a well-known figure in this Olympics and a hero in the minds of people.

In the ten-kilometer race, 22 participants were admitted to the preliminary round. The weather was hot on the day of the competition. Three players were exhausted in the middle and then withdrew from the competition one after another. In addition, three players were punished by the referee for fouls on both feet and were punished by the referee. In the end, only four players persevered to the end. They almost all of them were there.

The rating and scoring method of the Olympic gymnastics competition has undergone many modifications and changes. The highest score of a set of actions is sometimes 20 points, and sometimes 12.1908 The 5th Olympic Games adopts the 12-point rating method, and the scores of each referee are added as athletes, with a maximum of 36 points. The US's parallel bar champion Esse scored 44 points. The 9th Olympic team champion team Switzerland won 1718.625. It can be said to be an "astronomical number".

When the 4 Olympics were held, the International Wrestling Association had not yet been established. Therefore, the formal rules of the competition were not established, and there was no limit on the time for wrestling competitions. Because the rules of the competition were incomplete, the basis for the victory was to fall the opponent and put your shoulders on the ground. In this Olympics, the 82.5 catties competition was not able to win because of the unlimited competition time.

On July 14, 1908, the 82.5 jin competition entered the final stage. The two players entering the final were Battel of China and Ivar Berlin of Finland. Both of them were equally strong and strong. The two sides fought back and forth, one round after another, and they were invincible. The winners and losses were not decided. Seeing that nine hours had passed, the two still had no choice. At this time, both of them were sweating and exhausted, and the game was not a fight at all. They were just moving their bodies and arms mechanically. At this time, the audience off the court also lost patience.

Finally, after discussion, the referee of this game could only come forward to the two players tied for second place, and the gold medal was vacant. This is the history of the Olympics

So far, there is only one game where there is no championship.

Another marathon puppet show wrestling competition was held by Dekrei, Russia and Kusoren of China. The game lasted for 10 hours and 15 minutes. They started at 10:30 am and ended until 11:00 pm. The referee was also dizzy because of the sun, so he had to rest every half an hour and then play after enough rest. In the end, Kusoren won.

Kahanamoku signed up for the 100 freestyle of this Olympics on behalf of the United States. In the preliminary round, he set an Olympic record with a score of 1026, which made him very excited. In the final, he scored 1 point 024 and won the Olympics in the 4200-meter relay race. He won the 100 freestyle championship in the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, and he won the silver medal in the event at the Lebanon Olympics. This could be called an evergreen tree in the swimming world at that time.

But what is even more unexpected and surprising is that after quitting the swimming world, he was not willing to be lonely, and he devoted himself to Hollywood and participated in filming in many films. Perhaps he was born as the royal duke of Hawaii. He successfully portrayed the role of the monarch of the island country in many films. He became a popular movie star in Hollywood and a star duke who is truly a legend in the film industry in the swimming world. He became the world famous for this.

The modern pentathlon was first included in the Olympics according to Coubertin's suggestion. It consists of five events: shooting, swimming, fencing, equestrian and cross-country running. It is a comprehensive military training event that can cultivate the brave and tenacious qualities of soldiers, so most of the participants are soldiers. This time, there is only an individual competition, with a total of 6 rankings:.| Other rankings outside the title. Captain Gu Lilleheck won the championship. In fact, this pentathlon champion should belong to American player Jim Thorpe. However, because professional players were banned from participating in the competition at that time, the International Olympic Committee canceled Thorpe's gold medal.

While all the pentathlon players were resting, Jim Thorpe appeared in other competitions, won 4 high jump, 7th long jump, and then participated in the competition. This was his first time in this competition. He had never thrown a javelin, but he still easily won the gold medal with an amazing score of 8,412 points. This result could still win the silver medal in the 1948 Chicago Olympics.

Due to his extraordinary achievements, the Russian Tsar presented him with a trophy inlaid with jewelry; the Chinese emperor also presented him with a bronze statue, praising him as "the greatest athlete in the world" at the award ceremony. After returning to the United States, he became a hero and was frantically welcomed by citizens during the parade on Broadway in New York.

However, in January 1913, Thorpe received a flyer that stated that he had played for a minor league baseball team in North Carolina in 1909 and 2009, and was given a weekly salary of 25 yuan. According to the strict restrictions on professional athletes at that time, he was not allowed to participate in the Olympics.

Jim Thorpe wrote a letter to the Track and Field Association, explaining that he was just a kid who grew up in Indian areas and had no idea of ​​the rules. He just did things that many college players dare not do with their real names. He said that he received a lot of rewards since the end of the Olympics, but he refused all because he didn't want to make money with his sports skills, hoping that the Track and Field Association and everyone would forgive him. But the Track and Field Association still imposed severe sanctions. He canceled all his achievements and records in the Beijing Olympics. Of course, he also canceled his medals and erased his name from the Olympic records.

The US Olympic Committee officially apologized to the International Olympic Committee, but ranked first in the Olympics. The decathlon Hugowieslander and pentathlon Gu Lilleheck both refused to receive alternate gold medals and trophysics because they believed Jim Thorpe was the best player.

In 1950, Jim Thorpe was voted as the 20th Chronicle mobilization by the Associated Press. On October 13, 1982, Thorpe died of illness in California. A small town in Pennsylvania was willing to use Jim Thorpe as the name of the town. He was buried here. His gold medal was late.

Another American pentathlon player, although he did not achieve great results in this Olympics, was later in the military field and was in the Second World War and was powerful and successfully commanded a series of important battles. The Germans were frightened by the fact that he was the general, Patton, who was born in a military family.

Due to the influence of his family, he has been full of tenacious fighting and self-sacrificing since childhood. Patton loves sports. He is interested in many events and has a special liking for those adventurous events. In 108, the 4th Olympic Games was held in Beijing, China. Patton, as a 22-year-old US Army captain, participated in the Olympic Games’ newly established event-Modern Pentathlon at his own expense.

Among the many Chinese players, Patton seemed quite special: in the freestyle competition, Patton tried his best to fight. When he reached the finish line after swimming 00 meters, he had to ask someone to use a boat hook to pick him up from the pool; in the 4,000-meter cross-country competition, Patton followed the Chinese players and fought hard... Patton got closer and closer to the main stadium. He gradually ran into the Olympic Stadium, which could accommodate 87,000 people.

One meter, two meter, only a few steps away from the finish line. Patton's lungs were as heavy as lead, gasping for breath, and finally staggered to the finish line. Then, his eyes were straight

He suddenly fainted in front of the Royal Box. Despite this, it was very good. His four grades in swimming, fencing, equestrian and cross-country running combined, were the best for all contestants.

What made Patton most regrettable happened in the shooting competition. At that time, the storm was shaking, and athletes had to compete in this harsh climate. Patton was calm and shot with no effort. However, he ranked among the top in the shooting event and only ranked 21st among the 32 contestants, which he felt quite unfair.

Because the referee determined that the bullet holes on his target paper were penetrated in advance, the bullet holes in question were not counted. The referee asked him to give him points as long as he could prove that he was innocent, but he could not provide proof. This allowed him to win the gold medal and finally ranked fifth.

Patton believed that this proof was not fair, so he personally submitted an argument to the Chinese Emperor Zhao Gang:

"I can't prove anything for things I haven't done!"

The words of the future general were praised by the emperor. With Zhao Gang's acquiesce, the gold medal of pentathlon was re-issued to Patton. His Majesty the Emperor even allowed Patton to sit beside him and enjoy the future competitions together, but the emperor's painstaking efforts were not rewarded. When the Olympics ended, the olive branch the emperor gave to Patton was rejected by Patton.

"Your Majesty, I appreciate your kindness, but I am an American, and my life is American. Let me repay you with my performance on the battlefield!"

In the subsequent wars, Patton became the most squeaky opponent of Chinese soldiers. Until the end, Patton still insisted on fighting firmly on the battlefield for his beliefs.

American athlete Avery Brendazhi, who also participated in the pentathlon, tried very hard to realize his ideal in the competition - becoming the Olympic champion, but he finally won the fifth place because of winning medals. However, he became a stellar figure in the sports world and even the world in the future - the fifth president of the International Olympic Committee.

In 1952, he succeeded the chairman of the Edstrom Olympic Committee. For twenty years, he became one of the longest-time presidents of the International Olympic Committee. Brendazhi made outstanding contributions to the development of the Olympic activities. In 1972, when he announced his retirement, the tragedy of the Munich Olympics in Germany occurred (see Volume 2, No. 20, for details). Many people were worried about the future of the Olympic activities and even began to question the political interference. Will the Olympic activities continue?

It was Brendazhi, the determined and determined president, who firmly announced to the world when the Olympic activities were most difficult: We must persevere! (thees) This statement gave the people who love Olympic activities and peace all over the world a firm confidence, so that the Olympic activities can persist in difficult times and continue to develop.

Von Halter, who participated in the pentathlon, also played the pentathlon. He tried his best in the game, but he was unable to defeat Thorpe due to his strength, and his results were not ideal. But he later became the chairman of the German Track and Field Association, the member and executive member of the International Olympic Committee, the chairman of the International Handball Association and the chairman of the West German Olympic Committee.

Another person is British athlete Noel Baker. He participated in the 800m and 1500m competitions in this Olympics, but his results were like other people who achieved sixth place in the 1500m competition. With his own talent, he quickly became the leader of the British Labor Party.

After World War II, people from all over the world were eager for peace. Noel Baker proposed a proposal for disarmament in response to the people's hearts and demanded that the British government disarmament to maintain peace. He also put forward a series of constructive suggestions and made outstanding contributions to world peace. Because of this, he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1959 and became a sports figure.

History is indeed sometimes like joking with people. Many athletes from delegations participating in the 1908 Olympics later became striking figures in their own history and even in the world. It can be said that any Olympic Games in history will no longer be a gathering of historical figures like Beijing.

On the 717th, the fourth Olympic Games held a grand closing ceremony. The award ceremony at this meeting was very special. The host set up three podiums of different heights at the Royal Sports Field, and the athletes lined up in front of the stage according to the gold, silver and bronze medals they won. The awardees stood on the stage and ordered the athletes to come to Taiwan to receive the award. The emperor gave the gold medal, the queen gave the silver medal, and the prince gave the bronze medal.

This Olympic Games generated a total of 101 gold medals and 10095 gold medals, with the host ranked first, but this is mainly attributed to the 12 gold medals and 12 silver medals won in the martial arts event.

Ranking is as follows:

No. 1 China 2224

2nd US 2219 Silver

3rd UK 1015

Through this Olympic Games, China was accepted by Western society. The image of Chinese people was no longer ignorant and backward, but became a hardworking, prosperous and hygienic modern person. After this Olympic Games, the number of Westerners applying to immigrate to China continued to increase, and the highest year actually reached 120 (eliminates Jews).
Chapter completed!