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Lan, Shi Congwen had a short rest and took a carriage to Hangu Pass. As a hidden line, his reputation on the anti-corruption front is far less than that in the archaeological world. When it comes to Shi Congwen, the archaeological world knows that this is an expert of the Yellow River civilization. This trip to the Loess Plateau was a entrusted by an archaeological newspaper to conduct a survey of the ancient city of Shaanxi. This matter is easy for Shi Congwen and willing to do it. After it is easy, you can get a lot of rewards. Why not do it?

Unlike previous investigations, this time, Shi Congwen not only had to investigate and record the Yellow River civilization sites, but also recorded the soil and water treatment situation in the basin at the same time. The current appearance of the Loess Plateau is closely related to the Yellow River. The Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau and is closely related to the erosion of the Loess Plateau.

In Shi Congwen's eyes, even the main stream of the Yellow River is not without erosion. Thirty miles west of Huahu Village is Hequ County, and some phenomena are still interesting. The old city of Hequ County extends downward from the ramp that fetches water from the Yellow River, attracting Shi Congwen's attention.

Hequ County is located on a plateau. The city is short of water and must be drawn from the Yellow River. When Hequ County was first built, the ramp for intake of water was not long and it was not difficult to feel. The ramp for intake of water was extended downward again and again, and intake of water became a arduous task. Later, the migration of Hequ County County could not be irrelevant to this. The water intake channels in the cold wind did not differ too much due to different history. They were all the same yellow yellow, but they were divided into many sections. Each section represents a long time to find a long time, looking like an extremely long centipede trembling in the cold wind.

Why can this happen? Obviously, the underground cutting of the Yellow River makes the valley deeper. Fenyin County on the other side of the river does not have a problem of water from the river. The problem in Fenyin County is not the lower cutting of the Yellow River, but the lateral erosion of the Yellow River.

The Great Wall of Fenyin County in the Ming Dynasty was extended from Pianguan County in the northeast of the Yellow River. It did not end when it was built on the bank of the Yellow River. Instead, it was built along the Yellow River downstream and to the south of the Xunzhen. This section of the Great Wall has been destroyed by the river. At that time, the Great Wall was built on the bank of the Yellow River for easy defense, and of course it was built near the water. It was close to the river water, so it was eroded by the river water.

Such undercuts and lateral erosions are quite large in the Yellow River Canyon between Shanxi and Shaanxi. Daoyuan once said in "Shui Jing·; Fen River Notes": "There is a Changfu in the south of the (Fen) water, which is backed by the Fen belt river. The bushes are four or five miles long, more than two miles wide, and ten feet high. The Fen River passes through its shade and enters the river westward."

Since the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, he has been worshipping Houtu here. Emperor Wu of Han also wrote a poem "The Book of Autumn Wind", which tells his experience of riding a boat in the Fen River. Many dynasties have followed the story. He has successively worshipped Houtu here. Such a large Fenyin County has been eroded from the side of the Yellow River one after another.

A tower was built on the bank of the Yellow River on the south side of Fenyin County. It was called the Qiufeng Tower by Emperor Wu of Yihan. After the reconstruction, the building site was also moved. The scenery seemed to be the same, and the river bank was far from the old trace. In recent years, the land edict of the Northern Song Dynasty sacrificed in the Northern Song Dynasty was found in the river water. The carvings were very tall and made for a generation. The waterless place is far from the current riverside. You can briefly know where the river bank of the Song Dynasty is located, and then the river bank may have been in the middle of the current Yellow River.

There is still such a phenomenon on the banks of the Yellow River below Fenyin County, but it is not as serious as Fenyin County. Puzhou City is on the bank of the Yellow River southwest of today's Yongji County. Puzhou City was previously the capital of Puzhou. The name of Puzhou began in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Although the name of the state had changed, the state city had not been moved.

Yongji County was originally the first county in Guoxiadi of Puzhou. However, this county had to migrate. At that time, Yongji County had to migrate due to the erosion of the Yellow River. Once the water of the Yellow River was slightly larger, it could reach the gate of Puzhou City. The body of the Yellow River outside Puzhou City swayed from east to west from time to time, and the swaying range was dozens of miles.

There was once a civilian county in the west of Puzhou City, which belongs to the jurisdiction of Shaanxi. This is because the Yellow River swings westward and penetrates deep into Shaanxi, so the civilian county has been changed to Hedong. Although the Yellow River is swinging, it is also eroding sideways. Some of the north and south of Puzhou City were partially eroded in this way. When the Yellow River water comes, the original surface is eroded sideways. After the Yellow River water goes away, the original land becomes the original land.

What a hard life the people living on this loess land live! Shi Congwen deeply sympathizes with these suffering people. They are far away from the Yellow River, lack of water, and are close to the Yellow River. Maybe one day they will be swallowed by the Yellow River. Only in winter, the Yellow River is safe.

The car is a big cart pulled by a horse, and the underside of the shaft is a white ice surface. Shi Congwen likes this kind of fun very much. This is the unique style of the Yellow River. This is not crossing the Yellow River, but walking downstream on the ice slid in the middle of the Yellow River. In order to prevent the horse from slipping on the ice, the horse's hooves are nailed with iron palms with thorns, and they walk very quickly, as if they are flying. This continuous walking will take at least 80 miles.

The wheels of the big cart have iron nails, OK

The sound of bumping on the ice is crisp and pleasant. The river where Shi Congwen was walking, north. Hearing the crisp sound of walking on the ice is certainly rare. The quicksand on the ice flows from the ice to the east bank like flowing water. There is a sound like waves, which is a miracle that has never been imagined.

The west side of the Yellow River is the Ulan Buhe Desert. At that time, the northwest wind was strong, and the desert was blown by the wind, flowing from ice to the Ordos Plateau on the east bank. The Ordos Plateau also has deserts, and the Ulan Buhe Desert flows eastward, and there is certainly more sand accumulation on the Ordos Plateau. Fortunately, the iced Yellow River is only a few months a year, otherwise the east and west sides of the Yellow River here will become the Ulan Buhe Desert. However, Shi Congwen felt that unlike the past, there is less sand this year, and it seems that the Three North Shelterbelt has had some effect. Shi Congwen took out paper and pen to record this phenomenon.

After a day of rushing on ice, Shigewen came to Hangu Pass. Hangu Pass was once a famous pass. Hangu Pass has two old and new passes: the old pass is in the northeast of Lingbao County, Henan, and the new pass is in the east of Xin'an County, Henan, and it was migrated during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. This time I visited the old Hangu Pass. The old pass has no city, and the place is Huahu Village, which is the allusion of Lao Tzu passing Hangu and turning into Hu.

Huahu Village is bordered by the west bank of Hongnong River. On the west side of the village, there is a bare slope on the slope. The height difference on the slope is not too large, so the slope is not very steep and appears flat and unobstructed. How can such a situation be called a heroic gate? Such a difference is the evolution of artificial effects later, which was not the case back then.

"The city of Hangu Pass is in the valley, and it is as deep as a dangerous place, so it is called ". Among them, the road is fifteen miles east and west, with a bank of shores standing on the cliff. There is almost no sunshine in the bleach tree valley." Based on this, we can imagine that Hangu Pass not only has forests on both sides of the road, but also the entire slope on the Hongnong River should be forests. The so-called "the sunshine in the bleach tree valley on the cliff is almost no sunshine" means this. The forest is so dense that it can only be carried by the road in the valley.

This is exactly the dangerous place to go. In fact, the so-called Hangu is the common name of the avenue from Wushan in the east to Tongjin. This avenue is "high in the deep shore, deep in the sky, and deep in the valley, and the trench of the stream road, and the car is not square, and it is called natural danger." However, now the hillside where Huahu Village is located, there are no trees, and there are few trees on the avenue from Tongjin in the west. It is neither "deep in the empty valley", nor is it rare to be "standard in the car", so it cannot be called "natural danger". This cannot be said that the natural situation has not changed, and it should be mainly caused by artificial effects.

The east of the Yellow River Canyon is the same as it is west. Not only is there a plain, but it is also mostly a big land. Emei Plain is one of them. Emei Plain is located south of the Fen River and east of the Yellow River, involving the land of Wanrong, Lin and Wenxi counties. Jiwang Mountain is on the Emei Plain. There is also a lonely mountain in the southwest of Jiwang Mountain. Emei Plain is quite flat, but the ditch heads on all sides are extending upwards. The ditch heads extending north and south of Jiwang Mountain can even be connected. Although the original surface is not broken, the trend of destruction is difficult to avoid.

Among the several counties related to Emeiyuan, Lin County was originally combined with Linjin and He clan counties, and Wanrong County was also combined with Wanquan County and Ronghe County. The name of Wanquan County once attracted attention. There are several proverbs from Hedong people, saying that there are several counties in the local area that do not deserve the name.

"The plain is not flat, Jishan has no mountains, and thousands of springs have no springs." What is said is in line with the actual situation. Pinglu County is located between Zhongtiao Mountain and the Yellow River. The mountains are high and the water is low, and there are gullies everywhere between the mountains and rivers, and there are no flat places. Jishan is a county named after Jiwang Mountain. Later, Jiwang Mountain was divided into other counties, and Jishan County became a county without mountains.

As the proverb says, "There are no springs in all springs" is not something that has no place to do. Because later, there are not only no springs near Wanquan County, but also very lack of water. The old town of Wanquan County is not only many gullies, but also very deep. With such many gullies, it will be difficult to create new residential areas. There are many gullies and deep, and the groundwater has long been cut off. How can there be wells and springs?

When Shi Congwen arrived at Wanquan, when Wanquan moved the city, no one stayed in place. The city was soon completed, and the old city had been destroyed, and it was impossible to tell that it was still a county town. The proverb mentioned above has been circulating in the population for a long time, and it can be seen that the local ravines were not formed in recent years. As for the Emeiyuan theory, Wanquan Old City is just a corner of its place. The changes in this corner can also indicate the future experience of Emeiyuan.

Looking at this gate that is different from ancient times to the present, Shi Congwen not only sighed, but took out his pen to record it in his notes.

"Huahu Village has made progress in greening, but it is still severely desertified. There are many young and old in the village, and even drinking water cannot be guaranteed. The number of dams around the village is 23, 16 are not stored in water, and there is also silt removal. Even if there are 7 places, it can be: u|Question, the dam body is not strong, and you can even break the soil on the lifting dam with your hands!"
Chapter completed!