Chapter 41 The Bylaws Are Established
Wait for the most important thing, clean up the old mountains and rivers and go to the sky.
...
"You are an honest man." The emperor's first words made everyone feel relieved. It seemed that Sheng Yun would be fine.
"Your worries are also my worries. When I was in Yingtai, I read historical books widely and thought that the reform of King Jinggong of the Song Dynasty was a good law, so why couldn't it be successful? First, what I used was not human; second, what I did was not appropriate. The steps were too fast, the measures were too urgent, and the wishes were too strong, so that the original law that benefited the people finally turned into a policy that harmed the people."
"The Emperor's Holy Spirit."
"But the main purpose of implementing the new policy must be adhered to. The Empress Dowager Dazhan felt the deep national ills and urgently needed to change, so she tried her best to implement the new policy, which has shown great results in recent years. This major policy strategy is related to the national destiny and must not be shaken. It must continue to be widely implemented. However, the trial of the new policy is sometimes too hasty and regrets of acting hastily, or the provinces are rushing forward, and the results are not fruitful, which not only aggravates financial difficulties and causes chaos in people's hearts. I still take the principle of being safe, pilot it first, and promote it after it is indeed effective. For this reason, eight places have been specially designated to take the lead, namely Zhili, Fengtian, Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Shandong, and these eight people are here.
The 12 places are rich, and the people's wisdom is gradually increasing, and there is a first convenience. Then, there are 12 places, namely Henan, Jilin, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Shaanxi. These 12 places are slightly inferior and financial resources are insufficient. Six places are also counted as the last, namely Gansu and Qinghai, including Qinghai, but there are special ministers of Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner, Outer Mongolia, and Heilongjiang. These six places are poor and poor, and the people's customs have not been fully civilized. You should not act too quickly and destroy the overall situation. In the future, the new policy measures will be implemented first in the first eight places. If it is effective, it will be gradually promoted to the 12 places. After great results, it will be implemented in the last six places."
"The emperor is considering the people, and the empress dowagers thank the emperor for his kindness for tens of millions of people in the two provinces." Sheng Yun is conservative in his political position, but his character and ethics are not bad. Lin Guangyu is unwilling to push him to the opposite side.
"The second is to speed up constitutionalism. Preparing constitutionalism is the national policy of the empress dowager who has made the imperial decree of the great empress dowager, and it cannot be changed. Moreover, constitutionalism is the only way to strengthen the country and enrich the people, so we can only seize the opportunity. In August, the court issued the "List of Preparations for Years Before the End of the House of Assembly", ordering the government offices of all departments and government offices to investigate the affairs of the constitutional government and the format of the Commissioner of the Court of Management to each department and organize the matters in charge of the matters, and the monthly report should be made in nine years. I feel very relieved. The matter of constitutionalism has been expected by the people in the country. In the past two years, officials and people have repeatedly written letters to express their opinions, hoping to hold a parliament quickly and petition for a major petition."
Everyone at the stairs looked at each other. What does the emperor mean? Last August, a group of overseas personnel led by Shen Junru, the head of the Ministry of Law, and others jointly submitted a joint petition to "open a democratically elected parliamentary house to consolidate the foundation of the country and save the overall situation", which was suppressed by Cixi. Since this year, Huguang Governor Chen Kuilong, Liangjiang Governor Duanfang, Henan Governor Lin Shaonian, Sichuan Governor Zhao Erxun, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Ministers Sun Baoqi, Hu Weide, Li Jiaju and others jointly wrote a letter saying that "the Congress's appearance is in the middle and external parties are required to move quickly." Cixi also suppressed the memorial; in July, Chen Jingren, member of the Zhengwen Society, and the head of the Ministry of Law, and others requested to hold a parliament within three years and dismissed Yu Shimei, the assistant minister of the Ministry of Law, who strongly advocated slow movement, to thank the world. As a result, Cixi angered Cixi, Chen Jingren was dismissed from office and the Zhengwen Society was forced to disband.
"I think the request from Chen Jingren, the former head of the Ministry of Law, is quite insightful, and now it is re-activated and the official will be restored." The emperor paused, "As for Yu Shimei, I have not settled the score with him yet."
It turned out that Yu Shimei, who was inspecting constitutionalism in Germany, had sent a telegram to the Ministry of Rites to accuse him of the extraordinary posthumous title of Cixi, saying that the number of words far exceeds Ci'an's posthumous title and that it was "too much more than the posthumous title". Everyone was willing to do the killing of tigers. In less than a moment, whether it was conservative or radical, everyone scolded Yu Shimei. Lin Guangyu thought that playing Cixi's card head was really good, and he didn't spend much effort to let this whine guy stand aside.
But one thing goes back to one thing, and the fight goes back to the slowing party is still full of caution when the emperor's old words are raised again - Sun Jianai, a senior secretary over 70 years old, stood up tremblingly: "I still think that the establishment of the parliament should be slowed down. Now the public is full of grievances. Once the parliament is started, there will be 'impeach military opportunity today and the governor tomorrow', and there may be chaos in the major policies."
As soon as Old Man Sun finished speaking, the conservatives who advocated slow movement and the enlightened wise men fought each other in the court. The two sides continued to fight, and the momentum was even more enthusiastic than before. The former attacked the latter "was too hurrying" and "the way to cause disaster", while the latter denounced the former "unclear knowledge" and "outdated and chaotic government", which was very lively for a while. However, after careful look, those who advocated slow movement were either newcomers with lower positions in various departments or powerful officials, while those who advocated slow movement were mostly old men and royal families, while the generals supported the slow movement one by one.
"I understand all the meanings of you. They all have their own reasons. The so-called "sense of opinion is probably this." The emperor first made an impartial statement, and then changed his subject and complained. "No need to say that the revolutionaries have criticized the government for being unsincere and deceived the facts since they announced the preparation for constitutionalism. The other knowledgeable people who advocated the great constitutionalism felt that the court was vague and complained in their words. There was also a group of stubborn people who did not agree with the great policy, and the stubborn people who prepared for constitutionalism secretly laughed, saying that it was difficult for the court to end, and I, the emperor, was difficult..."
The king was worried about the humiliation of the ministers, and everyone let go of the dispute just now and remained silent together.
"I think Master Sun's words just now make sense. Once the Congress is held, it is indeed possible to "impeach military opportunity today and impeach the governor tomorrow"... But what if it is not opened? People's words are terrifying, and rumors are spreading cannot help but exaggerate. If they do not give the common people a reason to vent their anger and suppress them blindly, their grievances towards the court will not only not calm down, but will become more and more intense, and eventually end up in an uncontrollable place. The ancients said, "Defending the people is more important than preventing rivers." With the trickle of the Congress, it is better than the water rising and rising, the flood will occur, right?"
Wang Shang once again raised his voice: "The emperor's oral decree: Preparing the purpose of constitutionalization - 'Great power is unified in the court, all the affairs are determined by the public opinion, and public opinion is open to public opinion'; preparing constitutionalization measures - 'Starting in three years, achieving great results in six years, and completing constitutionalization in nine years' shall not be violated."
"Emperor." Sun Jianai burst into tears, "Be sure to be cautious!"
"I have decided to make a constitutional decision. If you want to win the trust of the people, you must speed it up and you must hold the Congress as soon as possible."
As for the specific measures, it was Yang Du, the Constitutional Commissioner's Office, but he was only a fourth-rank official and was not qualified to attend the court meeting. The eunuchs delayed their voices and passed on the voice of "Yang Du, the Xuanxian Commissioner's Office's Office" all the way.
Yang Du quickly walked towards the hall, felt everyone's eyes focused on him, smiled slightly, and took out a note - this is the result of his struggle with Kang Liang and others these days, and the civil and military officials in the court would never have dreamed of it?
In the hall, only Yang Du's ups and downs were echoing.
——Time span: 1908, the 34th year of the Guangxu period, and 1916, the 9th year of the Reform Commission.
——Advisory Council: This year has been prepared and all elections will be held next year; in the second year of the Restoration, the Local Council Law and the Local Election Law will be promulgated; in the third year of the Restoration, the Provincial Advisory Council will be changed to provincial parliaments and re-elected members; in the fifth year of the Restoration, the State, Government, and Council, and elected members; in the seventh year of the Restoration, the County Council will be established to elect members.
——Supervisory House: For the Lower House of Parliament, the House Law and Election Law will be promulgated next year, the quota will be determined, the election will be held, and the house will be officially opened in the second year of the Restoration.
——Pe De Yuan: It is the upper house of the parliament. The constitution will be promulgated next year, and the candidates will be determined, and the elections will be held, including the Imperial Household members, and the House of Representatives will be opened in the same year as the Supervisory House.
——Responsible Cabinet: The official imitation will be made next year, and the list will be approved by the imperial court. The second year of the Restoration Restoration Restoration will be held after the opening of the Congress, and the restoration will be officially held responsible from the third year of the Restoration Restoration.
——Local Autonomy: The charter for urban and township local autonomy has been promulgated, and the charter for local autonomy of prefectures and counties will be promulgated next year, and the local autonomy of prefectures and counties will be prepared to organize urban and townships and townships, and the autonomous region will be established in the future. By the fifth year of the reform, all urban and rural autonomy will be established, and all municipal and county autonomy will be established in the eighth year of the reform.
—— Household registration survey: This year, the household registration charter has been promulgated, and the total number of households investigated next year will be used as the basis for Congress elections; the Household Registration Law will be implemented in the fourth year of the Restoration.
——The Han Dynasty Domain of Merging Banner: This year, the Binding Banner System has been established, and the Binding Banner System will be completed in the five years of the Reform Period, and the Binding Banner System will be eliminated.
——Sorting Finance: Next year, the financial charter will be promulgated and the branch will be changed to the Ministry of Finance to investigate the total income and expenditure of each province; the national and provincial budgets will be held in the second year of the Restoration; the national annual income and expenditure will be checked in the third year of the Restoration, and the responsible cabinet will be implemented in accordance with the Congress bill; the national tax charter and budget law will be promulgated in the fourth year of the Restoration; the local tax charter and final calculation law will be promulgated in the fifth year of the Restoration; the national budget and final calculation law will be promulgated in the sixth year of the Restoration; the national budget and final calculation law will be promulgated in the seventh year of the Restoration; the national budget and final calculation law will be prevailed in the eighth year of the Restoration, and the royal funds will be included in it.
——Popular education: Next year, simple literacy textbooks and must-read textbooks for the people will be promulgated, and the school will be changed to the Ministry of Education; in the second year of the Reform, simple literacy schools will be promoted in the prefectures and counties; in the third year of the Reform, simple literacy schools will be established in townships; in the fourth year of the Reform, simple literacy schools will be promoted in townships; in the sixth year of the Reform, the people will be able to learn literacy, and in the seventh year of the Reform, it will be one percent; in the eighth year of the Reform, it will be one-thirty.
——Legal revision: This year, the "Imperial Constitution Outline" will be promulgated, and will be improved year by year from next year; next year, civil laws, commercial laws, criminal laws, and civil litigation laws will be compiled; new criminal laws will be promulgated in the second year of the Reform; new criminal laws will be implemented in the third year of the Reform, civil laws, commercial laws, criminal laws, and civil litigation laws will be promulgated; civil laws, commercial laws, criminal laws, and civil litigation laws will be implemented in the fifth year of the Reform; starting from the sixth year of the Reform, various other laws will be revised one after another.
——Judicial Reform: Next year, the courts and procuratorates will be promulgated, and the Dali Court will be reorganized into the Imperial Supreme Court, and the Imperial Supreme Procuratorate will be established, and the High Court and High Procuratorate will be established in the capitals of all provinces and provincial capitals; in the second year of the Reform, the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Supreme Procuratorate, and the High Procuratorate will be in office; in the fourth year of the Reform, all provincial capitals, commercial ports, departments, and states will have secondary courts and secondary procuratorate will be established; in the fifth year of the Reform, all secondary courts and secondary procuratorate will be established in office; in the seventh year of the Reform, all counties will have primary courts and primary procuratorate will be established; in the eighth year of the Reform, all primary courts and primary procuratorate will be established in office.
——Police reform: Next year, patrol police will be large-scale in all provinces, departments, prefectures and county patrols will be made; in the third year of the maintenance, all the previous items will be complete; in the fourth year of the maintenance, all the county patrols will be planned; in the sixth year of the maintenance, all the township patrols will be planned; in the seventh year of the maintenance, all the township patrols will be organized; in the eight years of the maintenance, all the previous items will be completed.
——Official system reform: Determine the central government system next year; define the local government system in the second year of the Reform; implement the civil service examination in the third year of the Reform, promulgate the appointment and official salary charter; promulgate the new central and local government systems in the fifth year of the Reform; implement the new official system from the seventh year of the Reform.
Chapter completed!