On February 18th of the new fourth year, Chen Xuan successfully gave birth to a son. The emperor was ecstatic and Chang, which means "Empire Eternal Balance", and was listed as the first order of the inheritance of the throne. Ten days later, Rong Ling also gave birth to a daughter, and the emperor enthroned Princess Jiaxin. At this point, the two factions that had antagonized the emperor's crown were automatically eliminated. Although Chang was in his infancy, he was also attracted by the entire empire and was listed as the second. The people in the third order had their own names and were at peace.

On the first day of March, the emperor issued an edict, making Emperor Shu Chen Xuan the Empress, and at the same time, the imperial concubine Chen Rong Ling the imperial concubine. The empress was founded for about 300 times, and for the first time, there were no one to be criticized. However, after the riots in the capital, the emperor's prestige was at its peak, and his relatives and nobles were invincible, and no one could bear it. Moreover, Chen Xuan's son made great contributions and made great contributions to the country, and all Han officials fought hard, thinking that "this move can show the empire to eliminate the national territory and realize the sincerity of the unity of Manchu and Han, which shows the emperor's wiseness."

At the last imperial meeting, the emperor personally explained the reasons for the establishment of the queen.

"My dear friends, it was my family affairs, but it was also a state affairs. The dynasty has been around for 300 years. Not to mention that there is no Han girl as a queen, even Han girl as a concubine has never seen it. What I do today sets a precedent for history. The second and third ministers have different opinions. "The emperor glanced at the venue and said slowly to the ministers, "Looking through history books, except for the Manchus, emperors of all dynasties often had Mongolian concubines. Why can Mongolian women be concubines but Han women be concubines? I think that since the ethnic domain is eliminated and all ethnic groups in the world should not have a certain opinion. I have adopted Han girl as a concubine, and I originally meant to declare the sincerity of the court. If I suddenly encounter trouble now, I hold both sides. Wouldn't it be ridiculed?"

An important weapon of the opposition school was that Emperor Shu had impersonated the civil servant exam, which was "contradictory to etiquette", but in the hall, such a reason could not be found. Because since the emperor had accepted him as a concubine, he must have let go, why bother to reveal his shortcomings? Furthermore, the cabinet minister Tang Shaoyi also married the impersonator sister. Once it was proposed, it would be abusive to Tang himself, which indirectly caused confrontation between the ministers of Manchu and Han, which was even more dangerous.

So although many relatives and nobles still want to object, they still cannot express their opposition.

"In addition, I have examined the population of the empire, and the Han people account for up to 99% of the Han people. I regard the Han women as the queen. It can be seen that I regard all the people in the world as one, without the preconceptions of Manchus, Han, Mongolians, and Tibetans as the preconceptions, and they also have a stable effect on the imperial country and the great cause of the court. The revolutionary party used to repeatedly attack the court for proclaiming "Manchus, Han and Han", but in fact, they "actuals of national oppression". Now they can be loudly criticized as slander. Why? The rights of the subjects of Manchus and Han people are equal. The titles and official positions are also adjusted in the same law, and the Manchus gradually abolish the Eight Banners system. Without the innate advantage of state support, Isn't it a lie to talk about national oppression?" The emperor finally asserted, "In the future, in the empire, the differences between major ethnic groups are only clothing, writing, etiquette, and customs, and there is no distinction between political rights and legal personality. All ethnic groups in the world are harmonious and are all subjects of our imperial!"

"How can I not do it if I establish a last and maintain the country for a hundred years? I have decided my intentions, so I don't need to discuss it again."

After the founding of the emperor has been promoted from the traditional height to consolidate the country, it is impossible to express his opposition to this matter openly - otherwise, he is dissatisfied with the emperor's stability of the country and consolidate the overall situation, and he is also "resentful and despairing".

Although the relatives and nobles also felt unfair, the main bigwigs such as Zaifeng, Zaitao, Shanqi, and Wei agreed as a breakthrough, and the remaining shrimps could not cause any storms. Of course, Prince Chun Fujin Guarjia was quite foresighted and had a close relationship with the later generations, so he was happy to see it.

In the fourth year of the Reformation, after consolidating the court's plans and affairs of relatives and nobles, the emperor turned the main position of reform to the local area.

Since the beginning of Xian, relying on local suppression of the Taiping Army, the central government's control over local governments has gradually become out of control. When the Gengzi State changed, the authority of the court had fallen to the point where it could not be destroyed. Since the new policy, with Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi, Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zhidong and other officials who have passed away one after another, the court was finally able to free up his hands to rectify it.

Especially after the military power of each province was brought to the Ministry of National Defense and the provincial deliberation bureaus were established, the court used local councils to check and balance local governments, and used the central government to eliminate the danger of local military support and self-respecting, the relationship between the central government began to gradually reverse, and the court began to gain the dominance of reform.

On the fifth day of the fifth year of the fourth year of the Reform Movement, the corresponding political structure improvement process of each province was unveiled with the reform of the local government in Zhili as a symbol.

The name of the governor of Zhili remains unchanged, but he is only the highest official of the civil affairs of the province and does not bear military responsibility; the original governor and the censor were changed to the secondary official of the civil affairs of the province and assisted

The three people are in charge of civil affairs. They are the chief administrative officials of ×× Province. They are one official and two officials below. They abolish all departments and set up special departments, including the administrative department, the interior department, the justice department, the finance department, the education department, the civil affairs department, the agriculture and forestry department, the industry and commerce department, etc., which comprehensively grasp the management rights of a certain department and connect with the central departments. Of course, diplomacy and national defense power are the central government, but there is no diplomacy in the local government. The two departments of national defense are all assigned and commanded by major military regions. Civil affairs have no power to intervene. On the contrary, how to start civil affairs, national defense must not be intervened. Military and civilian divisions are divided and independent of each other.

When the military and civilian division were divided, administration and legislation and justice gradually separated. Each province set up a high court to control the judicial trial power of the province; a high-level procuratorate was established to control the procuratorate power of the province. The administrative authorities shall not interfere in how the judicial acts. The funds required for judicial affairs shall be determined by the provincial parliamentary meeting after the constitution is completed by the provincial parliamentary bureau, and shall not be changed. In terms of personnel appointments and dismissals, the right to appoint judicial officials shall be jointly controlled and exercised by the superior authority and the parliament at the same level, and the administrative authorities shall not interfere.

The complete separation of administration and judicial fields is actually the first time that China's 3,000-year political practice has been unprecedented. Although it has frequent ups and downs and constant storms, this power pattern has generally been adhered to. The administrative authorities have two major powers of justice and legislation, and they can no longer act arbitrarily.

Local governments in each province adhere to the three-level management system of province-prefecture-county. One province has several prefectures and one prefecture has several prefectures. To take care of reality and to facilitate management, a prefecture level is still established in particularly important places, called a provincial-level prefecture. There are no more than 2 small provinces and no more than 4 large provinces. The rank of the chief executive of the prefecture is lower than that of the prefecture and higher than that of the county.

Below the provincial department, the prefectures, prefectures, and counties, they are called prefects, prefects, and counties. They are in charge of civil affairs in the region. They have two secondary officials to assist the chief officials in control of administration, collectively referred to as local administrative chief officials. Below the chief officials, each bureau is established in the style of a provincial department, and the upper department is connected with each department and the grassroots bureaus are connected. At this point, the management system has been straightened out from top to bottom, and there is no longer the burden of building a house and bed.

According to the latest official rank, the governors of each province, as the highest chief executive of the province, are the same as the ministers of the central departments, and are all the first rank; the governors and others are the second rank; the directors of each department are the third rank, and the deputy directors of each department are the third rank; the prefect of each prefecture is the fourth rank, and the directors of each department are the fourth rank; the prefect of each prefecture is the fifth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the fifth rank; the directors of each prefecture are the sixth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the fifth rank; the directors of each office under the provincial department are the sixth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the sixth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the sixth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the sixth rank, and the directors of each prefecture are the fourth rank;

The sixth rank is the magistrate of each county is the seventh rank, and the heads of each department of the prefecture bureau are the seventh rank; the directors of each county is the eighth rank, and the heads of each department of the prefecture bureau are the eighth rank; the heads of each department of the county is the ninth rank, and the deputy chiefs of each department of the county is the ninth rank, and the deputy chiefs are the ninth rank... They are ordinary officials except for the ninth rank. However, there is no clear boundary between officials and officials. Except for the young people who pass the civil servant examination, they must start from ordinary officials and be promoted gradually.

There are two main benefits of local institutional reform. One is flat management. By setting up various departments and bureaus, the power originally concentrated on the chief executive was dispersed to the chief executives of each department. Although the chief executive had to obey the orders of the local chief executive, the chief executive did not have to play the multiple roles of the chief executive, the chief executive officer alone, the chief executive officer was conducive to exercising leadership and carrying out overall local work; the second was transparent management. In the past, there were very few officials in various places, but there were many staff members in helping officials handle matters. According to the law, the aides were the personal followers of the officials and could not follow the

The government can only get remuneration from officials, but the number of staff members is large and large. To pay their salary alone, all the salaries of the officials themselves have to be exhausted. Therefore, for a decent life, they have to work hard on public money. After the reform, all staff members were granted the status of state officials, and hired according to their abilities. Their salary was also officially guaranteed, avoiding the public funds again, which greatly reduced the burden on the administrative chief. Of course, if a staff member wants to hold an official position, he must pass the position examination. Some of the leaders of departments and bureaus still need to be reviewed and approved by the parliament at the same level.

Therefore, although the number of officials has been greatly increased after the local administrative reform, the number of people who actually do business is not large. The originally invisible and private personnel have been converted into state civil servants, streamlining the relationship and solving the stubborn problems in the officialdom that have been bothered for many years.
Chapter completed!