Since the beginning of the country, the gates of the country have opened up, and the Western atmosphere has swept like a silver needle. The imitation of ancient fumigation has seen fresh air, and the weathering level of the old empire has become increasingly popular.

As for the political structure, the same is true in ancient times and the present, and there is no difference between China and abroad. There is nothing more than a word power and a word profit. With power, there is profit. The more you have power, the more you want to have power. However, eight or nine out of ten things in the world are unsatisfied. Except for a few heroes who are unborn, almost no one can monopolize their power and enjoy their benefits. Even if a hero has power over the world, it will take at least three or five years, or at most twenty or thirty years, and his power will be eliminated when he dies. This is still a situation of fighting for power and profit.

The Chinese have many political wisdom, and there have been many channels for the division of power structure since ancient times - Unification is a kind of one, and strong trunks are both clear evidence; many princes are also a kind of one, and strong branches are the appearance. The former has developed to the extreme, and it is like an empire with a deep autocracy. Not to mention the places, even important officials of the court are also slaves of the king; the latter has developed to the extreme, and there are no warlord separatist and disasters of vassal states.

China's rights distribution does not mean that there is no unity of the top and bottom, and the balanced stability of all parties, but this situation is very rare, and all of them have become prosperous times. Unfortunately, the 5,000-year history is one-tenth of the prosperous times, and most of the time it is a mess. There is nothing else, and there are many people fighting for power and profit, and they are like carp people crossing the river. Can you not be crushed to pieces in a porcelain shop?

Therefore, the Chinese who first opened their eyes and knew that there was a constitutional matter through European style and American rain, and their admiration was beyond words.

Because all rights distribution is written in black and white, no one who is strong will be the greatest, and everything can only fight for the word "reason". Although we have already had a clear understanding of the intrigues and realism of international politics. But the Chinese were surprised to find that all the powerful countries, including those in the world, who are polite in handling internal affairs of the country. Since the French Revolution, although wars have continued in Europe, national civil wars have almost never become a climate. Since the Civil War in the United States, although political scandals have emerged one after another, I have never heard of any wars fighting for power, and I have never heard of any state governments who do not listen to the federal government.

There is nothing else. There is a constitution!

So. When Yang Du and Liang Qichao read this hard-won manuscript in the House of Commons, all the members and officials had a picture of this: After the constitution, the state political situation that Qiang had not been complicated for decades should stabilize, the country's vitality could be preserved, and internal and external troubles could be eliminated. In another fifty years, no, as long as another 30 years, the revival of the empire was just around the corner. I think Japan has only been more than 20 years of promulgation of the Constitution. In 20 years, it has defeated China before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and then defeated Russia a few years ago. Although China is big, its foundation is better than Japan. How can it not be enough for 30 years?

This is not cheap, full of self-deception and tricks.

The audience was silent, listening to Yang Du spread through the microphone, and a little Hunan accent: "The Masters of the School of Economics and Political Science and Technology repeatedly discussed the "Draft Constitution of the Greater China Empire" and conducted in-depth research, inherited the past history and opened the future achievements. Following the essence of the "Imperial Constitution Outline", learn the essence of European and American powers... Chapter 1

Article 1: The Greater Chinese Empire's imperial throne will be a unit of all ages and will be respected forever.

Article 2: The emperor of the Greater China Empire is a symbol of national sovereignty. It is sacred and inviolable.

Article 3: The emperor is the head of state and shall take charge of the rule of law and shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

Article 4: The throne is inherited by the descendants of the royal family, and its order is stipulated in the Constitution.

These four articles, as drafters, were implemented by Yang Du and others, in depth research on the basis of the Japanese Constitution. There is no substantial difference compared with the "Outline of the Imperial Constitution". However, the addition of the clause of the emperor as a symbol of national sovereignty is considered a product of China's beginning to modernize and possess modern consciousness.

The emperor was already familiar with the terms and conditions. His face was only paying attention to the faces of the members of parliament and officials. This throne above the flat ground gave him a transcendent eye.

When the first three articles were read, everyone's expression was normal and nothing unusual. Only when the fourth throne inherited, Shanqi, Zaize and a group of royal congressmen changed their faces. The inheritance of the throne has always been a major national event, which is directly related to the rise and fall of the rule and chaos, the open and secret struggles of the eldest son and the virtuous son, the sword and sword of the legitimate son and the illegitimate son, and even the blood test of the strong uncle and the weak nephew. These endless lessons from previous generations can be summarized as the darkest and most shameless conspiracy history in the world. Even if a wise man is like Li Shimin, the Emperor Taizong of Tang, there is also a change in the Xuanwu Sect?

Since the Qing Dynasty, through the strong style of secretly establishing a crown prince and not establishing a wise man, the replacement of the throne has generally achieved stability compared with the previous dynasty. However, there are also rumors that Yongzheng was incorrect in his throne and the battle between Xianfeng and Yixin.

As a time travel

Guangyu had no hobbies about his bloodline, and he had no bias to choose whether it was his bloodline or Guangxu's bloodline. Even if he had any questions, he had no way to tell because he had no heir. The princess born to Longyu was honored, but it was impossible to succeed to the throne - China is not Britain, and he can accept the heroine calmly.

However, Yang Du was not affected by any emotions in the venue and continued to read it.

Article 5: The emperor exercises legislative power with the assistance of the imperial parliament.

Article 6: The emperor exercises administrative power with the assistance of the imperial government.

Article 7: The emperor exercises the supreme command and directly commands the imperial armed forces.

Article 8: The emperor exercises supervision power with the assistance of the Imperial Supervision Bureau.

Article 9: The emperor exercises supervision power with the assistance of the Supreme Court of the Empire and the Supreme Procuratorate of the Empire.

As the core of modern Western constitutions, the separation of the three powers of justice, legislation and administration is its inherent attribute. This attribute does not survive or die by the written constitution or the difference between the written constitution, and does not replace it by the distinction between the real king or the virtual king. In the mutual constraints and mutual checks and balances of the three types of national powers, state sovereignty is reflected and the distribution of relevant rights is confirmed.

The reason why the Constitution is regarded as the crystallization of the results of the struggle in the political struggle, especially the revolutionary era, is because the distribution of rights and checks and balances of power explicitly published in the Constitution. Because the strength of power can only be achieved for a while, without the recognition of the fundamental law of the state in the system, especially the Constitution, all the results of the struggle are nothing more than passing clouds. Therefore, after the constitution was formulated, the great powers were all filled with the passion of struggle in all aspects of strength, and when they were promulgated, they were confirmed by the authority of the fundamental law of the state.

In traditional Chinese concepts, the monarch holds all power as the emperor, and officials at all levels, as the incarnation and execution methods of the emperor in the local area, all take into account the judicial, legislative, and administrative power. This is the vicious expansion of bureaucratic power without restraint. When the monarch's power is strong, the ministers are not enough to stop the monarch's misconduct. When the monarch's power is weak, the court is not enough to stop the local uniqueness. Therefore, Chinese politics is always in a vicious cycle of killing, letting go, letting go, and chasing the monarch's misconduct.

If you want to get out of this historical trap, it is impossible to sacrifice without monarchy. As a time traveler, he knows this fact clearly. Similarly, as a person holding great power, it is extremely painful to let him delegate power. No one is willing to transfer the power in his hands unconditionally. This is why China has repeatedly restricted monarchy power, but its restrictions are always unconventional due to people and times. When the king is weak, his subjects take power, hoping to use the emperor to command the princes. When the king is strong, his subjects bow their knees, and the ruler wants his subjects to die and have to die.

According to the historical trajectory, constitutional politics in the late Qing Dynasty originally had a relatively decent result, but the Qing Dynasty's powerful people represented by Zaifeng were unwilling to give up the huge power in their hands, and they tried their best to hold it in their hands to prevent other political forces from taking power. This isolated themselves and subverted themselves. Lin Guangyu knew this disadvantage well, so he decided to determine the system of power enrichment when the Constitution was promulgated.

The reason is very simple. The earlier Fengrundi is, the more proactive he will be. The more proactive the king will be, the more powerful he can grasp. If the situation has developed to the point where he has to hand over power or give way to adapt to the current situation, he will be completely passive.

Based on his summary of history and his prediction of the future, Lin Guangyu decisively made a choice to transfer. In this draft imperial constitution, although the emperor still held the rule of power, this kind of generalization is restricted. With the conditions of innocence, the emperor under the constitutional structure can no longer do whatever he wants and make arbitrary decisions like in the past.

In the name of taking over the rule, the emperor evolved the separation of the three powers that were commonly used in the West into checks and balances, that is, the power of command and supervision were added to the original three powers, especially the section on supervision, which was completely epoch-making.

As the subject of exercising supervision power, the Supervisory Yuan has the right to supervise the remaining four powers of justice, legislation, administration and commander. However, in the process of supervising the above four powers, the Supervisory Yuan itself is also among the supervised. Administration can supervise the financial expenditure of the Supervisory Yuan through audit, and legislation can review the case handling charter of the Supervisory Yuan. The cases investigated and handled by the Supervisory Yuan cannot be finalized without the intervention and trial of judicial power, and the Supervisory Yuan's supervision has evolved into an internal system of military power - the military supervision has established a separate agency, with personnel leadership from the base camp, and business leadership from the Supervisory Yuan, which is completely placed under the dual supervision system.
Chapter completed!