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At Mount Tai, Fengshan.[12] Several prime ministers after Zhang Shuo were all dismissed because of discord. Zhang Jiuling, the last virtuous prime minister in the Kaiyuan period, was from Guangdong. Zhang Jiuling was favored by Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji with his outstanding talent. After becoming the prime minister, Zhang Jiuling also valued people's morality and talents as Xuanzong, rather than his background. When the Ministry of Personnel participated in the selection of officials, he always advocated the selection of talents fairly and use them in a targeted manner. At the same time, he also pointed out the mistakes of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji in a timely manner and advised him not to hide the truth because Emperor Xuanzong had the kindness of his understanding of him.

Li Longji not only knew the virtuous ministers, but also rectified the administration of officials and improved the efficiency of the bureaucratic organization. He took many effective measures. First, he streamlined the institutions and laid off redundant officials, and laid off many useless officials since Wu Zetian, which not only improved efficiency, but also saved government expenditure. Second, he established a strict assessment system and strengthened the management of local officials. In October of each year, he sent a censor to inspect the people's conditions, recruited illegal officials, and severely punished them. Third, he re-elected the censors and historians to participate in the prime minister.

The system of meetings was restored. Fourth, attach importance to the appointment and removal of county magistrates. Li Longji believed that county officials were the forefront of national governance, and directly dealing with the people represented the image of the country. Therefore, Li Longji often gave county officials questions to test them, and knew exactly whether these county officials were truly competent. If the exam was excellent, they could be promoted immediately. If the name was not worthy of their reputation, they would be dismissed immediately. Li Longji knew people and was well-appointed, had clear rewards and punishments, and was able to do things decisively. This was the main reason why he was able to create the Kaiyuan prosperous era.[13]

A period of luxury

After the founding of the prosperous era, Li Longji gradually began to be satisfied and indulged in pleasure. Without the previous spirit of hard work and the frugality of reforms, the upright prime minister Zhang Jiuling and others were dismissed from office one after another, and Li Linfu climbed to the prefecture. Li Linfu was best at speculating on Li Longji's meaning. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Li Longji wanted to return to Chang'an from Luoyang, but Zhang Jiuling and others said that the autumn harvest was not over yet, and that this would harass the people and affect production. After Zhang Jiuling left, Li Linfu told Li Longji that Chang'an and Luoyang were His Majesty's East and West Palaces, and His Majesty would come and go whenever he wanted, and there was no need to wait any further. As for hindering the farmers' autumn harvest, it would be enough to exempt them from taxes.

The selection of talents and talents is the one who is good at the heart, and the administration of officials is rectified. First of all, the selection system is strictly enforced and the redundant personnel are eliminated. Since Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, the selection system has been very disordered. The princess, princesses and power dependents not only sell official positions, but also does not carry out "slantary titles" by the Ministry of Personnel. The trend of requesting letters is growing, resulting in a wide range of names of officials, tests, prosecutors and other officials, and the redundant officials are flooding the government. In the second year of Kaiyuan (714), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ordered all officials to be removed from office, and strictly controlled the election of officials, and stipulated that there would be no military achievements or other imperial edicts in the future. The Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of War shall not be allowed to pay attention to officials. As a result, "the abuse of the situation is greatly improved, and nine out of ten people are eliminated." [20] In this way, the phenomenon of redundant officials and overloading people is overcome, the government's work efficiency is improved, and national expenses are also reduced.

Inspection system

Before Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, because people at that time valued officials in Beijing and neglected external responsibilities, local officials were all selected for those who were old and had no talent. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang issued a special order in the second year of Kaiyuan (714), selecting those with talented people from Beijing to local governments as governors, governors, and governors from governors. Among the governors, those with political achievements were selected as officials in Beijing, and "they were always in a uniform way and always had a permanent position." He attached great importance to the selection of county magistrates. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716), the newly elected county magistrates were

He was summoned to the Xuanzheng Hall of the Daming Palace, and the emperor personally gave a test to test whether the county magistrate was well-versed in the country and governing the people. As a result, more than 20 people failed to enter the class and were temporarily allowed to take office. Another forty-five people were eliminated and "released to knowledge". At the same time, the "Edict for the Regulation of the Administration of the Officials" was also issued. In October of each year, various censors were appointed to examine the political achievements of the governor and the county magistrate, which were divided into the top, middle and hall, and were successively designated as the advantages and disadvantages, as the basis for transformation, promotion and reduction.[21]

Improve combat effectiveness. In addition, in order to completely solve the problem of military food, Li Longji ordered the expansion of military farming scope, vigorously develop military farming in the northwest and north of the Yellow River to increase grain production.

After making full preparations, the Tang Dynasty gradually recovered Yingzhou and other places, and the Uighur tribes north of the Great Wall also automatically abolished the title of independent separatism and re-surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. The Anbei Protectorate was also restored, and the Tang Dynasty re-exerted its jurisdiction over the land north of the Great Wall.

The recovery of the regime in the Western Regions went through two stages. The first stage was the recovery of Suiye Town, and the second stage was the restoration of the Silk Road. The prestige of the Tang Dynasty was re-established in the Western Regions.[13]

Establish a military governor

During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao period, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established the ten major military governors, and in the north formed eight military governor areas, namely Pinglu, Fanyang, Hedong, Shuofang, Longyou, Hexi, Anxi, and Beiting Yixi. In addition, Jiannan and Lingnan were 10 towns, they became fixed military regions. When the military governor was appointed, he was given a double flag and a double military command, and he was able to kill military commands. When he was in charge, he established a military commander. The government established six flags (big flags) and was extremely majestic. The military governor gathered the army, civilians, and wealth, and often controlled two to three towns with one person. The majority reached four towns, and the authority was more important than the governor of the throne during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was called Jiezhen at that time. Therefore, the outside was emphasized and the inside was neglected, and the Anshi Rebellion was caused by the end of Tianbao.

In order to increase the country's income, crack down on the powerful people who occupied land and concealed it, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang launched a land inspection and household registration campaign. After the powerful people occupied the land of farmers, they called it "a land outside the country". They also turned the fugitive farmers into their own "private families" and evaded state taxes in both land and population.

Between the first year of the Innate (712) and the 13th year of the Kaiyuan (725), Li Longji's land inspection and household inspection movement was effective. He appointed Yu Wen Rong as the national land suppression envoy and farmer advisor, and assigned ten farmer envoys and farmer adjudicators to various places to inspect the concealed land and sheltered farmers. Then all the inspected land was confiscated, and the land was distributed to farmers to farm. The concealed farmers were also registered. In this way, the increased customer money in a year would be as high as several million.

Through these effective measures, Li Longji brought the Tang Dynasty's economy back on track, reducing the burden on farmers, and increasing the country's fiscal revenue and promoting the prosperity of the country's economy.[13]

culture

Suppress Buddhism

Although Buddhism was not banned in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, its development was restricted by Confucianism and Taoism, especially the promotion of Taoism, which made the development of Buddhism not achieve supreme status. However, in the period of Wu Zetian, in order to attack the Li surname from religion, Wu Zetian adopted a condolence attitude towards Buddhism, which led to the rapid development of Buddhism. There were basically Buddhist temples in various states across the country. The monks not only annexed the land under the cover of the country, but also tried their best to evade national taxes. The large increase in the number of monks reduced the number of people who were responsible for taxes and corvee, which affected the country's income.
Chapter completed!