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Confucius' specific birthday is controversial. The "Gongyang Zhuan" is the Gengzi day of November 21, 21st year of Duke Xiang of Lu (September 28, 551 BC); [10] The "Guliang Zhuan" is the Gengzi day of October 28, 551 BC); [11] The "Records of the Grand Historian" is the following year, without remembering the month and day. [12] The "Guo Yuancuo of the Confucius Family" by Confucius' 51st generation grandson of the Jin Dynasty set Confucius' birthday on August 27, 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu [13] (September 28, 551 BC), but there are still controversies in later generations. [14-15]

Confucius was born with seven leaks, and his head was on the top of the dike (meaning the sunken top of the head). He was also named "Qiu" and his name was "Zhongni" because his mother had prayed to Mount Niqiu.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of Lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, Shulianghe died of illness. After Shulianghe died, Yan Zheng was expelled by Shulianghe's wife Shi, so he took Confucius' brother Meng Pi and Confucius to Ququeli to live a poor life.

In the fifth year of Duke Zhao of Lu (537 BC), Confucius realized that he should study hard to learn the skills of being a human being and living, so he said that although he was fifteen years old, his ambition was to do research.[16]

In the seventh year of Duke Zhao of Lu (535 BC), Confucius' mother Yan Zheng died. In this year, Ji family invited a banquet for a first-class nobleman. Confucius went to the banquet and was rejected by the Ji family's retainer Yang Hu.

In the ninth year of Duke Zhao of Lu (533 BC), Confucius was 19 years old. In order to return to his ancestral home to his hometown, Song Dynasty, he married the daughter of the Weiguan clan of Song Dynasty as his wife.[17]

In the 27th year of Duke Zhao of Lu (515 BC), the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. Confucius heard about it and asked Duke Jing of Qi for help. Duke Jing of Qi said that he was old and could not be used anymore. Confucius had to flee back to Lu in a hurry.

In the 28th year of Duke Zhao of Lu (514 BC), Xianzi of Jin and Wei ruled, and the talented people were selected regardless of their relatives. Confucius believed that this was a righteous act. People who were close to him and had virtuous people in the near place, and people who were recommended but had virtuous people in the distance can be said to be benevolence and righteous.

In the winter of the 29th year of Duke Zhao of Lu (513 BC), Jin State forged a punishment cauldron. Confucius believed that the demise of Jin State was mainly because the rulers did not have good systems and laws. [21]

In the 30th year of Duke Zhao of Lu (512 BC), Confucius was forty years old. After decades of hard work, he had a clear understanding of various problems in life, so he claimed that he was forty years old and did not doubt it. [22]

In the sixth year of Duke Ding of Lu (504 BC), Yang Hu, a retainer of the Ji family, was increasingly powerful. Confucius called him a retainer in charge of politics. [23] Therefore, Confucius did not take office and retired and practiced "Poetry", "Book", "Rites" and "Music". Many disciples followed Confucius to various countries and studied with him. [24] Yang Hu wanted to see Confucius, but Confucius did not want to see Yang Hu. Later, the two met on the road. Yang Hu advised Confucius to become an official, but Confucius did not make a clear statement, and Confucius was promoted to Little Sikong.

In the eleventh year of Duke Ding of Lu (499 BC), Confucius was promoted to the Grand Secretary of Lu State, and was arrested for the affairs of the prime minister. He killed Shao Zhengmao on seven days, and the body was exposed for three days. The Grand Secretary of Lu State was ruled.

In the 12th year of Duke Ding of Lu (498 BC), Confucius took measures to destroy the three Huans (Jisun, Shusun and Mengsun family members, because they were descendants of Duke Huan of Lu, so they were called Sanhuans. At that time, the Lu regime was actually in their hands, and some of the retainers of the Sanhuans controlled Sanhuans to varying degrees) to destroy the castle built by Sanhuans. Later, the action of destroying Sandus was abandoned halfway, and the conflict between Confucius and Sanhuans was also exposed.

In the 13th year of Duke Ding of Lu (497 BC), Confucius was fifty-five years old. In the spring, Qi State sent 80 beauties to Lu State. Ji Huanzi accepted female music. The monarch and his ministers were obsessed with singing and dancing, and ignored the government affairs for many days. Confucius and Ji had a disagreement. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, the country of Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and after the sacrifice, he gave the sacrificial meat to the doctors according to the practice, he did not give it to Confucius. This shows that Ji State did not want to appoint him anymore. Confucius left Lu State and went abroad to find a way out, and began his journey to travel around the countries.

Travel around the countries

In the 14th year of Duke Ding of Lu (496 BC), Confucius led his disciples to the State of Lu to Wei. Confucius was summoned by Duke Ling of Wei in Wei. Confucius's disciple Zilu criticized Confucius for his great objection to Confucius's meeting Nanzi. Zichan of Zheng passed away. Confucius was very sad after hearing the news and praised Zichan as a kind and kind person who passed down from ancient times. [25] Confucius took his disciples to Wei first. Duke Ling of Wei began to respect Confucius very much and paid Confucius a salary of 60,000 yuan according to the salary standard of Lu, but he did not give him any official position and did not allow him to participate in political affairs.

In the Song Dynasty, Sima Huanqi of Song Dynasty hated Confucius and threatened to harm Confucius. Confucius went in silence. The 59-year-old Confucius left the Wei State through Cao State, Song State, and Zheng State came to Chen State. Chen State sent people to work hard to surround Confucius' masters and apprentices in the middle of the road. He did not rely on villages in front and shops in the back. He finished his food and ate it for seven days. In the end, Zigong found the Chu State, and sent troops to welcome Confucius, and Confucius' masters and apprentices were spared from death.

In the third year of Duke Ai of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old and said that he could treat all kinds of remarks correctly at this time and did not feel unpleasant. [26] Confucius passed through Zheng to Chen State, and was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng State, waiting for his disciples to look for them alone at the East Gate. He was ridiculed and said that he looked depressed like a dog with a broken family. [27]

In the fourth year of Duke Ai of Lu (491 BC), Confucius left Chen State and came to Cai State.

In the fifth year of Duke Ai of Lu (490 BC), Confucius came to the Ye Kingdom from Cai State. The monarch of Ye Kingdom, Ye Kingdom, asked Confucius about politics and discussed moral issues related to integrity with Confucius. On his way out of Ye Kingdom and returned to Cai State, Confucius met a hermit.

In the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu (489 BC), Confucius and his disciples were trapped in Chen and Cai. Many of the disciples were sick due to hunger and were later rescued by the people of Chu. They returned from Chu to Wei and met hermits on the way.

In the seventh year of Duke Ai of Lu (488 BC), Confucius returned to Wei State and advocated that the right to be justified in the Wei State.

In the eighth year of Duke Ai of Lu (487 BC), Wu State attacked Lu State and was defeated. Confucius' disciple Youruo made great contributions to joining the war.

In the tenth year of Duke Ai of Lu (485 BC), Confucius was in the Wei Kingdom, and Confucius' wife Qi Guan died.

In the eleventh year of Duke Ai of Lu (484 BC), Qi sent troops to attack Lu. Confucius' disciple Ran Qiu led Lu troops to fight against Qi and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran You where the command talent came from. Ran You said that he learned it from Confucius. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, Ji Kangzi sent someone to welcome Confucius to Lu with coins. Confucius traveled around the countries for fourteen years and ended here. Confucius still wanted to go into politics, but he was still respected and ignored. Ji Kangzi wanted to implement land tuitions, but Confucius opposed it. To Ran You said that judging whether a person's behavior was a gentleman's behavior should be judged by his etiquette. When giving alms, he would give heavy contributions; when doing things, he would do the mean; when he died, he would bury himself in a weak position. [28]

Return to Lu

In the 12th year of Duke Ai of Lu (483 BC), Confucius continued to engage in education and document compilation. In the winter of this year, Confucius' son Kong Li passed away.
Chapter completed!