During the Xuande period, the signatures on porcelain were even more distinctive.

The porcelain symbols of this period were not only large in number, but also had no fixed position.

It is because of this reason that the saying "Xuande style is full of body" is said.

Next is the blank period, that is, the three dynasties of Zheng orthodox, Jingtai and Tianshun.

These three dynasties formed a huge contrast with the Xuande period. There were no porcelains with regular official kilns in this period, and the specific reasons are still unknown.

Then there are the porcelain calligraphy works of Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli periods.

In the 36th year of Wanli, the Imperial Kiln Factory stopped burning.

During this period, the traditional official kilns were not produced, and folk kiln porcelain became the mainstream.

Its quality has also improved significantly, even far exceeding the previous official kiln products.

However, there were no official kiln annual patterns on the bottom of the porcelain during this period, and some folk kilns with better quality often wrote fake letters.

The Ming Dynasty official kilns wrote the emperor's year marks, which had a clear process of emergence, development and evolution.

Its type, style and arrangement directly affected the production and manufacturing of official kiln porcelain in the Qing Dynasty.

If you want to imitate the complete set of Ming Dynasty official kilns, you will really pay attention to this point.

Especially the categories and characteristics of the bottom styles of the official kilns in the Ming Dynasty should be more careful.

In general, according to the unearthed and handed down Ming Dynasty official kiln porcelain, its base model needs to meet many characteristics.

To sum up, it is: "There are fewer Yongle models, many Xuande models, fat Chenghua models, beautiful Hongzhi models, handsome Zhengde models, respectful Jiajing models."

There are many porcelains with the Yongle era, whether it is unearthed cultural relics or museum collections.

Moreover, whether it is engraving, seal, or blue and white style, it is basically four or six characters seal script style.

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The Ming Dynasty "Baowu Yaolan" records: "Press the hand cup, fold the waist with a flat mouth, slippery feet, and painted with double lion hydrangeas in the center. There are seal scripts in the Ming Dynasty, six characters, or four characters, as thin as grains of rice, which are the best grade; mandarin duck hearts are followed, and flower hearts are second; blue and white outside the cup are deep and green, with exquisite styles, which have been passed down for a long time, and the price is also very high."

A slight difference is that monochrome glaze porcelain is generally printed and engraved.

During the Xuande period, most of them were blue and white regular script, and the six-character double-line styles were written in "Made in the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty";

There are also special ones, such as the six-character single-line style "Made in the Xuande Period of the Ming Dynasty" written in the heart of the Wanxin.

This type of style is written on the four-character and six-character style written on the edge of the mouth, six-character style written on the shoulder of the jar, etc.

Monochrome glaze porcelain inherited the characteristics of the previous dynasty and mainly used seal or engraving;

The halberd lid jar produced during the Xuande period was written with the meaning of "Da De Auspicious Field", which is also a type of official style.

The Chenghua official seal is mainly composed of the six-character blue and white regular script of "Made in the Chenghua Year of the Ming Dynasty", with double circles or double frames on the outer side;

Among them, the bottom of the lying cup and the small wine glass are written with more than two square frames.

At this time, folk kiln porcelain also began to write a lot of styles.

In addition to writing "the Chenghua Year system of the Ming Dynasty", these objects also featured the styles of "the Chenghua Year system", "the Chenghua Year system of the Ming Dynasty" and "the Long-term year";

The most famous "Tian" character jar during the Chenghua period, the blue and white regular script character "Tian" will be written on the bottom.

Mr. Sun Yingzhou, a famous ceramic research scholar, once compiled the six-character pattern from the Chenghua period into a key point.

"The big characters have a sharp, round head that is not high, the characters are made of hard to the waist, the characters are transformed into a character with a dagger flattened, and the characters are made of clothes with a few Yue Daggers. The characters are pointed and the characters are obese in the year, and the characters are three noons in the head, shoulders and waist."

The signature parts of Chenghua porcelain have gradually become standardized and programmed in the Xuande period.

Most of the features are on the bottom of the instrument, and a small amount is written on the edge of the instrument's mouth.

There is also a high-foot cup, which is written inside the high-foot cup for a week.

The Chenghua style has a unique style and is considered to be written by the emperor. The font is full and huge, almost in line with the outer frame.

The base style of the Hongzhi period was the same as that of Chenghua, but the shape and size of the characters were slightly different.

The styles from the Hongzhi period have a more delicate overall style, and the distance between characters is larger.

The edges of the characters are not as close to the outer frame as Chenghua's.

In addition, some small details should also be noted, for example, the right half of the character "Hong" is almost flush with the upper half next to the character "Bow" on the left;

The three points of water in "treatment" are slightly lower than the right half, and the last horizontal line of the character "mouth" appears a little more.

There was also a yellow glaze cup in the Hongzhi Dynasty, with the four-character seal script blue and white style written on the inner bottom.

The styles of Zhengde porcelain are particularly neat and the structure of the frame is upright and powerful.

During this period, four-character regular script and alum red colored base were mostly popular, and there were basically no hidden engraving or molded prints;

Moreover, the character "天" in the four-character style does not write vertical strokes but more horizontal strokes, which is called "天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天".

There were more than one blue and white pigment in the official kiln during the Zhengde period.

The early days used Equal Blue and elegant hair color, which was similar to the blue and white styles of the Chenghong period.

The middle period began to try out the gravel green color, and the hair was dark and dark.

In the late stage, the formula of gravel green plus green is used, and the hair color is blue and purple.

The bases written by different materials are also different.

Based on these characteristics, blue and white porcelain from the Zhengde period can be further subdivided.

The styles from the Jiajing period were thicker, dark purple and solemn, and the hair color was like sapphire.

The strokes of each character are particularly obvious, especially the strokes and strokes in each character are similar to the level of the endings, which are unique.

Other features include the early version of the character "Jing" and the character "Li" on the left, which is flush with the upper half of the character "Qing" on the right.

After the middle period, the position of the character "生" gradually shifts downward, and these details sometimes need to be paid more attention to.

In addition, it is often said that Jiajing's styles are mixed, mainly because the Jiajing styles are not only marked.

In addition to the year marks, there are also heavenly stems and earthly branches, hall names and auspicious words marks. There are many types and rich connotations in the past dynasties.

There were fewer physical porcelains in existence during the Longqing period, and most of the year I saw were written as "made in the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty", with six characters and two lines;

A few of them also have four-character double-line double-circle styles, using the word "Mao" instead of the word "Cai".

Generally, bowls, plates, bottles, jars and washes, and the book money is enough;

For a large porcelain jar, the book is placed under the edge of the utensil.

The longest reign of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620), a total of 48 years.

Among them, there are two ways to write the word "南".

In the early days of Wanli, the first character was inverted eight and crossed the first horizontal line;

The middle and late periods of the eight characters are inverted, but the first horizontal;

And the vertical in the middle of the character "Yu" in the lower half of the character "天" is connected to the horizontal line of the character "达".

In general, the base of the Wanli period is similar to that of Jiajing.

However, the types are relatively single, only the year-old styles are found, and the six-character double-line regular script style is mainly composed of double circles on the outside.

The more special ones are: six-character, three-line regular script style, and double circles of blue and white outside;

Six-character double-line style and six-character single-line style, with two outer frames.

Wanli's calligraphy style is quite similar to the "Yan style", honest and strong, dignified and neat, with strong rhymes and twists and turns.

Generally speaking, the blue and white materials used in the base of blue and white are the same as the painted cobalt materials of this period.

But there are some exceptions, especially the year model at the bottom.
Chapter completed!