After speaking, he smiled and said: "In short, there are still many similarities between the two schools of Guan and Shu. The elements combine with yin and yang to form compounds. This has also been proved."

"Similarly, we also believe that everything has its positive and negative sides. This theory also exists when applied to Mr.'s question just now."

"There is no absolute gentleman or villain in the world. A gentleman may have poor personal ethics or be unkind to others."

"But a villain may be liked by everyone, and he may be a good father and husband."

"All schools of Confucianism emphasize the management of the world, but Shu School places more emphasis on practical application."

"The development of Meishan has largely benefited from the achievements of engineering, so the theories formed must have some Mohist flavor."

"Literature people in Sichuan are good at writing, so they also absorb a lot of famous sayings."

"The translation of Tianzhu Yinming's explanation was completed in the Jin Dynasty, and Long Lao combined it with the actual situation of Dali to explain it more clearly."

"Business is prosperous, so there are many contracts, which has developed a litigation-friendly culture among Meishan people."

"All these things, together with the Confucian sect, have been developed over more than ten years, forming a set of knowledge about the laws of thinking, and applying it to production practice."

"This set of knowledge is an important branch of Shu Studies and a strict system."

"But because it was initially more expressed in the processing of language and words, it was called the study of Jiwen. And because it was like a network, it was modified with logic, and it was called logic."

Zhang Zai asked: "Can you give an example to illustrate this knowledge?"

Su You smiled and said: "Da Su once had a fight with the great monk Daolong at Daxiangguo Temple. Da Su asked Daolong: Is it possible for the Buddha to do anything?"

"The monk replied: Yes."

"Dasu asked again: Can the Buddha build a huge stone that he cannot lift?"

Zhang Zai felt something vaguely: "If the Buddha can lift a huge stone, then the second question is not true. If the Buddha cannot, then the first sentence is not true. The first sentence and the second sentence form a... paradox

.Mingrun, if you were a monk, how would you answer?"

Su You said: "According to logical induction, if two hypotheses form a paradox, one of them must not be true. If either of the first and second questions is no, then the logical hypothesis is established. Therefore, the monk can put it another way:

The Buddha is not omnipotent, but he is very close."

Zhang Zai suddenly realized: "That's true."

Su You smiled and said: "Of course this is the correct answer to logic. The great monk is an expert, so he answered Da Su in another sentence."

Zhang Zai asked: "What are you talking about?"

"The great monk Daolong smiled and replied: 'What the monk said is all lies.'"

Zhang Zai is also a smart man, and he immediately grasped the key point: "This is also a logical paradox! If what the monk said is all lies, then his sentence becomes the truth, which is not true. If what the monk said is not a lie,

, then the fact that he told the truth also denies the content of this sentence! Monk Daolong, Ji Feng is really powerful!"

Su You continued: "But this is just the two of them playing Zen games. In short, after such a long period of development, this set of knowledge has gradually broken away from the path of sophistry. Instead, it has introduced dialectics, a term of Tianshi Tao medicine. From then on

Because of Ming, it rises to dialectics."

"The three principles of dialectical logic are the unity of opposites, the negation of negation, and the mutual transformation of quantity and quality."

"There are also five dimensions, namely cause, primary and secondary, general and particular, relative and absolute, whole and part."

"This is one body and two sides of five opposing conflicts. It is completely consistent with your explanation of Qi, sir. One thing has two bodies, and everything must be organic."

"But a little more conflict develops."

"We adopted the allusion of 'using Zi's spear and attacking Zi's shield' in "Han Feizi" to call this kind of conflict a 'contradiction'."

"Dialectical logic is the logic that uses contradictions to discuss problems. In terms of method, dialectical logic requires looking at problems from a comprehensive, developed, connected, and contradictory point of view, requiring specific analysis of specific problems, and requiring clear premise categories for discussing problems.

It advocates that under certain categories, there are certain truths.”

"It believes that contradictions are universal and occur everywhere."

"Among so many contradictions, we need to analyze the priorities so that we can grasp the key points of the problems and solve them."

"Also, contradiction has the attribute of unity of opposites."

"Opposition refers to the development and change of all things, which are caused by the conflict of contradictory opposites."

"Unity means coexistence in the same thing, contradictions must coexist, and the two will transform into each other."

"Sir, there are similar descriptions in his knowledge. Regardless of the method of expression, our cognition is unified."

Zhang Zai nodded.

Su You said: "In this way, we can regard the gentleman and the villain as a contradiction. But the essence of Shu Studies is that although we try to extract a single pure theorem to describe the world, we also admit that the world is

complicated."

"The attribute dimensions of any individual are not just a gentleman or a villain."

"A gentleman is pure in morals, but he is often rigid in his thinking, or talkative, quiet, good at criticizing, and not good at building."

"Villains are naughty, morally corrupt, and do things unscrupulously, mostly for their own selfish interests. But because they seek profit, they are generally good at doing things, enterprising, and speculative, and they often achieve success."

"Therefore, the way of a gentleman should be more about self-cultivation and internal pursuit, which is one's own requirements for one's own moral standards, which is what Mr. Wang calls 'changing his temperament'; rather than being used for external audits and becoming a rigid rule to force others.

"

"As the saying goes, in the eyes of gentlemen, all are gentlemen; in the eyes of villains, all are villains."

"Is Guan Zhong a gentleman? No matter in terms of private morality or public affairs, his behavior is definitely not a gentleman. But it does not prevent him from creating the hegemony of Qi Huan, and it does not prevent Confucius from giving him a very high political evaluation."

"From a dialectical point of view, there are two attributes of a gentleman and a villain in a person. As long as the attributes of a gentleman are much greater than those of a villain, the person is a gentleman, and vice versa."

"Similarly, it is impossible for a court to be filled with gentlemen and no villains. Even if there is an accident, it is a special state in a special period and will change soon."

"A gentleman cannot be without faults, and a villain cannot be without merits. We are all flesh and blood, not saints."

"Today's villain may not be tomorrow's gentleman, and it will be the same everywhere;"

"Today's gentleman may not be tomorrow's villain, and so is Wang Mang."

"So beyond this question, we must analyze carefully, what is the main problem of the Great Song Dynasty? It is redundant officials, redundant soldiers, and redundant government."

"Is it the main contradiction to distinguish between a gentleman and a villain in the court and among the two governments and three departments?"

"I think the biggest problem for the government is how to operate effectively. Therefore, the biggest contradiction is the contradiction between efficiency and resources, and the contradiction between the exercise of power and supervision."

"How to use limited manpower and material resources to operate as efficiently as possible so that the country has normal vitality is the biggest problem that the Song Dynasty should solve now. How to complete the exercise and supervision of power in a normal and reasonable manner is the biggest problem

.”

"The management of the Yellow River has been discussed for twelve years! Many documents from the three departments are not allowed to sign a verdict for seven years! No matter whether the government is full of justice or the evil is in power, this problem has not been solved, right? This is the current situation of the Song Dynasty!"

"So the contradiction between the gentleman and the villain is a secondary contradiction. In other words, the positions in Taichang Temple, Jianyuan, Shiyushi, Shileo, and East Palace Companion should be led by the gentleman. As for the other positions, we should grasp them first.

That’s the main conflict.”

Zhang Zai let out a long breath: "Mingrun has seen through the ways of the world better than me, but he still is upright and dares to speak regardless of reputation or reputation. Mingrun, you are a gentleman among gentlemen!"

Su You said: "Sir, you are overly praised. Shaanxi has been under war for twenty years, and an entire generation has been wasted. Regardless of Guan School or Shu School, a few people cannot support a great cause. The education of Weizhou scholars and the cultivation of talents

, I would like to ask Mr. Deacon."

Zhang Zai laughed and said: "Mingrun's theory today, abandoning the sect, shows his courage. If I am pretentious again, I would be too ashamed. The two sects of Guan and Shu actually have so much to learn from and support each other. Fortunately, the school is separated from the Yamen

It’s not far away, so I took the job, just in time to learn from each other and make progress together!”

Su You was overjoyed and said with a smile: "That's great. Brother Xiao Qi, go and call Yuan Zhen. I'll find him a gentleman who is upright and reasonable!"

After a while Zhang Qi came back: "Master, Master Yuan Zhen is missing!"
Chapter completed!