Chapter 1,366 Who is the first contributor?

Su You was angry and was too lazy to pay attention to the bald donkey who was not opening or lifting any pot. He turned around and saluted Zhang Xiangzhong: "Brother, you are well. I am very happy to see you after a long absence."

Zhang Xiangzhong took out an exquisite rectangular leather box from his sleeve: "I brought you what you once said."

"Oh? What is it?" Su You opened the leather box and found that there were three pens inside.

The pen holder is made by Cerulo, and there is a metal nib in the front of the pen holder.

Here are three pens!

Since ammonium chloride can be prepared in large quantities through Hou's alkali production method, its role has been expanding rapidly.

In addition to being used as a raw material for fertilizers and explosives, Tianshifu focuses on its medicinal value, as well as its role in dyeing auxiliaries, metal plating, tanning, candle making, adhesives, and precision casting.

In his research on platinum, Zhang Xiangzhong discovered that ammonium chloride can greatly reduce the temperature required for smelting and can refine the metal.

He even invented a term - chloride metallurgy.

This greatly promoted the development of precious metal smelting technology in the Song Dynasty.

Chloride metallurgy is to add chlorine agents such as chlorine gas, ammonium chloride, salt, calcium chloride and other raw materials to first convert the metal to be extracted into chloride to prepare for the production of pure metals and effectively realize the processing of various metals.

Methods of separation, enrichment, extraction and refining.

In areas where there is a surplus of salt, the cost of refining can be greatly reduced.

Today, Nanhai, Hangzhou, and Shanghai have begun to use this method to smelt copper, and efficiently separate gold and silver from copper materials imported from Japan.

Xiao Tianshi continued to study platinum metal, and has now isolated several metals that have coexisted with platinum for a long time, but have different metal compositions.

The process is nothing short of magical.

Dissolve platinum group metal concentrate or anode mud containing platinum group metals with aqua regia, and all precious metals will enter the solution.

Treat with hydrochloric acid, then add ferrous sulfate to precipitate gold.

When ammonium chloride is added, platinum precipitates out as ammonium chloroplatinate.

Calcining ammonium chloroplatinate can produce sponge platinum with a color of over 999.

After separating the platinum, add an excess of ammonium hydroxide to the filtrate, acidify it with hydrochloric acid, and heat and calcine the precipitate in hydrogen to obtain another sponge metal with a purity of over 997, which is actually palladium.

The above-mentioned insoluble matter treated with aqua regia, plus sodium carbonate, traditional mineral medicinal materials borax, and mitosin, are eutectic with coke to obtain a residue whose main component is lead, which Xiaotianshi calls precious lead.

Use the soot blowing method to remove most of the lead, and then use nitric acid to dissolve the silver. The remaining lead, rhodium, iridium, osmium, and ruthenium are concentrated in the residue.

By melting this residue with sodium bisulfate, a platinum group metal will be converted into a soluble sulfate, which can be leached out with water.

Add sodium hydroxide to precipitate, and then dissolve it with hydrochloric acid. After the solution is purified, add ammonium chloride, fully combine, extract the precipitate, and calcine in hydrogen to obtain another sponge metal—actually rhodium.

There are also a series of methods after that. The residue after the sodium bisulfate molten water leaching is melted with sodium peroxide and caustic soda, leached with water, chlorine gas is introduced into the leach solution and distilled to obtain two platinum group oxide vapors.

Absorb with an ethanol-hydrochloric acid solution, reheat and distill the absorbed liquid, and absorb it with an alkali solution. Add ammonium chloride to the absorbed liquid, and precipitate its ammonium salt in hydrogen and calcine - in fact, it is the extraction process of osmium.

Continue to add ammonium chloride to the residual liquid of evaporated osmium to obtain the ammonium salt of ruthenium, and then calcine it in hydrogen to obtain ruthenium powder.

The residue after leaching ruthenium and osmium is mainly iridium oxide, which is dissolved with aqua regia, precipitated by adding ammonium chloride, refined, and calcined in hydrogen to obtain iridium powder.

So far, the little Celestial Master has subdivided five rare metals from platinum. Of course, they will not have the original names. The Celestial Master has vaguely named them with five characters, but changed the radical to the word "gold".

They are called the platinum group, which means that they are similar to platinum and are very precious.

Just getting metal powder is of no use, and smelting it is also a huge problem.

It is impossible to smelt it into ingots on a large scale because the temperature required is too high. Tianshi has exhausted all methods and can only process it into small beads and attach them to the metal pen tip.

In addition to this difficulty, the pen tip also has another difficulty, which is to open the slit.

The slits are made using extremely thin small circular saw steel sheets. To be able to cut the small iridium beads, there are extremely high requirements for processing accuracy.

Because the ink must use chemical solution ink so as not to clog the fine slits of the pen tip, but this kind of ink is highly corrosive to ordinary metals, so until now, the little Tianshi thought that he had met the requirements of his cheap brother.

Today's blue ink is a solution of ferrous tannate obtained from tannic acid. Xiaotianshi's chemical engineering imagination is incredible, but his scientific and engineering imagination is not good enough. These pens are still in the stage of modification of quill pens.

However, the three pens are still divided into three types, one with a thick tip, one with a thin tip, and one with a curved tip that can express the graceful appearance of Chinese characters.

"Where's the ink?"

Zhang Xiangzhong opened the box next to him and took out three bottles of ink: "The blue one is made from ferrous tannin; the red one will have to be found by Mingrun in the future. It is too expensive and is produced from cochineal insects in Tianfang Tianzhu; the black one is the cheapest, gasoline."

Burn the collected toner.”

"It also contains acacia gum, spices and other things. Mingrun, please give it a try."

Su You opened his notebook, picked out a pen with Chinese characters, dipped it in ink, and wrote a poem: "When hardware comes out of the red furnace, who can explore the heart of heaven? It is difficult to find this way, only to the end of Kunshan."

Searching."

Ouyang Fa's eyes lit up: "Oh? This pen can actually write such good calligraphy!"

Zhang Xiangzhong put the poem away with a smile: "The wise brother praised it erroneously, but the foolish brother shamelessly put it away."

Su You introduced the difficulties of making pens to Ouyang Fa. Ouyang Fa turned pale when he heard this: "How expensive is this? Forget it, I'll just use a brush..."

Su You smiled and said: "The pen is second, but with my brother's chlorine training technique, I won't have to worry about being unable to obtain the gold and silver all over Hexi."

Ouyang Fa shook his head and said with a smile: "Mingrun, you are a famous official in my court, why are you smelling like copper now?"

Su You asked: "Brother Shi, who does you think has made the greatest contribution this time?"

Ouyang Fa cupped his hands and said: "I raised 400,000 troops and sent out troops in August. In the twelfth lunar month, we defeated our dynasty's century-old enemy and the country became powerful. This achievement is naturally a great achievement for a handsome minister."

Su You shook his head: "That's wrong. An army of 400,000 people consumes millions a day. If His Majesty hadn't gathered together for twenty years and enriched fifty-two seals and fifteen Yuanfeng's treasury, totaling twelve million, Su You would have had Zhang Liangzhi.

Wisdom, Bai Qi’s plan, the courage of the overlord, the day when you raise your troops is still the day of defeat.”

"The Art of War" says: If you lose far away, the people will be poor; if you are close to the army, you will sell it at a high price, and if you sell it at a high price, the people will be exhausted. If the wealth is exhausted, the people will be eager to serve in the hills. If the strength is weak, the wealth will be lost, and the Central Plains will be empty at home, and the people will pay for it.

Seven out of ten will go away; for public expenses, if the army is defeated, six out of ten will go away."

"In this battle, twenty-six counties will be captured without consuming national funds. Outside Shaanxi, the people will not be willing to surrender and will not do corvee work. This is all due to your Majesty's efforts."

"Therefore, the one who has made the greatest contribution is the so-called 'commander of the people and the master of the country's security', His Majesty."

Speaking of this, Ouyang Fa had no choice but to be convinced, and he cupped his hands and said: "Your Majesty, the Holy Emperor, this letter of the Qingming Festival is indeed a great blessing to me."

Su You said: "Therefore, if a king loves his people so much, how can a minister not be loyal and diligent? Su You will always make back for your majesty's expenses in Hexi, so as not to let Hexi become a burden to the Song Dynasty."

Ouyang Fa was a little worried: "Before I came, Bachelor Sima warned me earnestly and asked me to tell Mingrun that peace of mind is the top priority."

"If the land west of Hexi had not been poor, it would not have raised troops to plunder our dynasty every year. Although the world is now at peace and the chronic illness has gone away, this new wound still needs to be healed and cannot be allowed to fester."

Su You laughed heartily: "What Mr. Sima said makes sense, but what he doesn't know is that the Xia people have crude skills and guard the treasure mountain in vain."

"Hexi is not poor, it's just that the Xia people can't use it."

"In the past few months, I have only caught gold and silver to enrich the library. Using the chlorine metallurgy invented by Tianshi, I have obtained hundreds of thousands of gold and silver and millions of copper, which is enough to enrich the library and invest in factories."

"Let the bachelor rest assured that when production capacity increases after the year, Hexi will give His Majesty and the princes of the DPRK a big surprise."

Ouyang Fa nodded: "I can rest assured of Mingrun's ability. I will watch the exhibition of my virtuous brother in Shazhou."
Chapter completed!