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In order to study the mysterious Zeus powder, Ptolemy III promised a reward of 1,000 taranto silver. The bachelors didn't care about this huge reward at all, but the alchemists were almost crazy. They studied the powder day and night, hoping to find a way to recognize it and imitate it.

As one of the most outstanding alchemists, Maria was not willing to be with her descendants. She separated sulfur and charcoal from the first day, and the solution cooled down and formed crystals. She guessed that this should be a certain kind of salt. As expected, it was indeed salt. This kind of salt is not uncommon, but there are too many types of salt and it takes time to identify it.

Gunpowder was an invention of China, but some Westerners claimed that gunpowder did not originate independently, and the Greek fire used by Byzantine contains saltpeter, and debate between the two sides is inevitable. In fact, no records of saltpeter are found in the study of Greek fire. At the same time, Chinese historians have not found saltpeter records in Byzantine Latin and Arabic documents. Even the ancient Romans and ancient Greeks did not record saltpeter-

The Latin word ‘nitrum’ comes from the Greek ‘νitpwν’, and the Greek ‘νitpwν’ also comes from the Hebrew word ‘neter’, which is originally soda, that is, sodium carbonate. The Hebrew word ‘neter’ should originally come from the Egyptian word ‘netjeri’, and the ancient Egyptians used soda water to wash clothes. The so-called ‘… effective fertilizer that promotes the growth of countless plants such as radishes’ is not necessarily saltpeter. Greek fire contains saltpeter is obviously a Korean-style obscene, which is something without evidence at all.

However, there is no record of saltpeter in Latin, Arabic, and ancient Greek. There is no record of saltpeter in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs earlier than ancient Greek, and there is no record of saltpeter in cuneiforms earlier than Egyptian hieroglyphs?

Alchemy originated in the third century BC. After several hundred years of development, it was abolished by the Roman emperor Diocletian in 292 AD. All the words related to alchemy were burned. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire split into East and West Rome, and in 476 Western Rome was destroyed. Scientific works including alchemy disappeared in the West. Although the Eastern Roman Empire inherited several scientific heritages and traditions, due to religious persecution, many scientists fled to the East, and the Misopotamian plains and Persia had several academic centers.

In the seventh century, the *** religion emerged, and at this time, the Arabs began to conquer the West Asian region. The Arabs did not pay attention to science at the beginning. After the army led by Amur Ibn Ass occupied Alexandria, they ordered that books other than the Quran should not be preserved. Therefore, books in the Alexandria Library were used as fuel in more than 4,000 public bathhouses and burned for six months.

It was not until later that the Caliph imitated the ancient rulers to encourage the development of science that alchemy was reborn, which was already the eighth century AD. A whole century passed in the ninth century, and Arab science was at its peak in Baghdad in the tenth century. Through the crusades in the 11th century, the barbaric and ignorant Europe began to formally contact Arab science. In the 11th and 12th century, a large number of Arab works were translated into European characters, and science and scientific traditions were introduced to Europe again.

As a barbarian Arab and Europe, it is completely normal that saltpeter is not recorded in writing; Greek fire is said to have been invented in 688 AD. At this time, the ashes burned from books in the Alexander Library were sprinkled into the fields, and the trees planted can be used as beams. Of course, Greek fire cannot contain saltpeter.

However, after this barbaric history, time has been pushed forward for more than two thousand years. In the 30th century BC, the inscriptions of the Sumerians recorded saltpeter (potassium nitrate) [Note 25], and magically discovered the chemical methods for purifying potassium nitrate [Note 26]; in the 20th century BC, the pharmacopoeia during the Third Dynasty of Ur recorded potassium nitrate, and also recorded the process of purifying potassium nitrate [Note 27];

After that, the Adeka people often purified potassium nitrate, divided it into white, black, male, female, washed, uncleaned, etc. [Note 28], and used it to make ‘copper-lead’ glass and ‘Akkad copper’ [Note 29]; later, the Assyrians listed about one hundred and twenty minerals in the "Doctor's Desk Reference", among which the most common mineral agent was potassium nitrate, which was used as a known hemostatic clotting agent [Note 30];

In Egypt, in order to keep the body, after death, the body needs to be soaked in a solution of saltpeter (potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate) for 70 days [Note 31]. Although saltpeter is easily confused with nitrul sodium carbonate in ancient records, sodium carbonate does not have the ability to preserve. On the contrary, potassium nitrate is easily produced by potassium nitrite in meat. Potassium nitrite is toxic and is used for preservation but has miraculous effects. The famous Spam lunch meat is added with a small amount of nitrite.

In summary, saltpeter exists in West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region, and is recognized by people, especially by alchemists. However, it only exists in West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region from the 30th century BC to before the Roman Empire. The degradation of technology is not uncommon in the context of barbarian invasions. The West once again knew that saltpeter came from the far east, which is the origin of the Arabs calling saltpeter "Chinese Snow".

This may also be the reason why Hassan Rama Najimdin Akhdabu clearly recorded the chemical purification method of saltpeter in the "First" of the Complete Collection of Equestrians and War Strategies. More than 4,000 years ago, the Sumerians recorded how to use chemical methods to purify potassium nitrate. This method should be left in the remaining classics or oral verses of alchemists. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain why China, which invented gunpowder, did not have chemical purification methods, and Syria, which invented gunpowder, had chemical purification methods.

In the records in "Equestrian and War Strategy", firearms and gunpowder formulas are both Chinese and have strong Chinese ancestry. Only chemical purification of saltpeter is not recorded in Chinese classics.

Until the Yuan Dynasty, the famous doctor Zhu Zhenheng used radish to purify Glauber's salt in his "Danxi Xin Method", that is, cooked with Glauber's salt solution with radish slices to absorb magnesium sulfate from Glauber's salt. In the Ming Dynasty, this method was promoted to purify saltpeter. mgso4·7h2o has strong dehysteresis properties, and gunpowder made from saltpeter containing this impurity can easily dehysteresis and failure.

This caused a very strange result. China, which invented gunpowder, has been using impure saltpeter, Japan separated by water. Because gunpowder was not directly introduced from China, it was not in 1543 that three Portuguese flew to Seed Island, and Japan learned how to make gunpowder and make a mudrope (i.e., the iron cannon West Incident). The Maori family's saltpeter purification method was also used.

Compared with the history of only two thousand years after AD, the history of BC was four to five thousand years. It cannot be forgotten that the concept of Western dynasties is similar to the empires in the East. The ancient Egyptian dynasty began in 3100 BC, which is equivalent to the Qin and Han Empires in 221 BC. Before any unified dynasty, there were thousands of years of national eras.

In the fifth and six thousand years BC, the understanding and exploration of the world had begun. Although this cognition and exploration was rough, it left a first-hand record after all. Sumerians, Egyptians, Babylonians, Akkadians, Assyrians, ancient Greeks, ancient Persians, Romans, ancient Arabs, medieval Europeans, and until modern British and Americans, this is the path to inheritance.

Compared with it, the Chinese civilization that grew up independently seems to be a child of a poor family and has not inherited such a rich heritage. Therefore, the so-called system, the so-called race, the so-called civilization, the so-called quality..., everything is fake, and it is true that it is dependent on the parents and cheating fathers.

Xiong Jing, thousands of miles away, didn't know that he had lost his father's fight. The purity of saltpeter purified by the Chu State's recrystallization method was only 65%. The recrystallization of the female alchemist Maria in the Alexander Research Garden and chemical purification, the purity of saltpeter exceeded 95%. The problem of saltpeter was solved, and with inaccurate sulfur and charcoal, the gunpowder was as powerful as the British army in the Opium War suppression of the Qing Dynasty.

Ptolemy III, who was meeting with the envoy of Qinny, was so excited that he trembled all over when he heard the saltpeter cracked by Zeus' powder. So much so that Meng Yi looked at him for no reason. Could it be that the Egyptian king was so epilepsy?

Ptolemy III, Lisimacos, Dociseos, and a group of people whispered for a while before they made the final decision. Ptolemy III said: "What I want to tell the envoy is that the material in the powder is fully understood by our country's alchemists."

"Know?" Meng Yi was surprised when he heard the translation and almost jumped up from the uncomfortable chair.

"Yes." Ptolemy III blinked, trying to restrain his excitement. "What I want to know is how Chinny guarantees not to tell other countries about Zeus' Thunder's secret? For example, my enemy Seleucau?"

Ptolemy III's question asked about the idea, such powerful weapons naturally cannot be told to other countries. Qinni is the enemy of Chuni, and Chuni is robbing Egyptian spices, so Qinni is an Egyptian friendly country. What can I do? If Qinni defeats Chuni, will he tell Bactrica the secret of Thunder? Will Bactrica tell Seleucus that the two countries have now negotiated and formed an alliance.

"Your Majesty, don't worry about this." Meng Yi didn't know how to answer, and Zaras spoke. "Qinni and Baktria are separated by the desert and grasslands. It is impossible for the two countries to fight, and it is even more impossible to be enemies with Egypt. Baktria and Seleucid form alliances to fight against the Pani people on the grasslands. Even if the secret is transmitted to Baktria, the king will reveal it to the Seleucids."

"What about Macedonians?" Docisios smiled and asked when Ptolemy III was about to believe it.

"We are Greeks, not Macedonians!" Zaras shouted. "The Macedonians are threatening the freedom of Greek city-states, how could Zeus tell the Macedonians?"

Zaras's shout made Dociseios stunned. Zaras said that it was indeed the case. The Greek city-state was an ally of Egypt, which was the reason why the Greek bachelor rushed to Alexandria.

"You convinced me." Ptolemy III nodded. "I will keep my promise and share the secret of Thunder with Chinny."

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Chapter completed!