The craftsmen of the mansion did not have so much brains. The king said it was Mr. Mi, who was Mr. Mi. Ou Chou and others replied with a little gift, and then welcomed Xiong Jing into Jutie Mansion.

The imperial court and Wang Tingdu moved from Shouying to Jiying. The Zaofu eliminated the production departments that were difficult to relocate, and the rest were moved one after another. The main thing that Jutifu moved was the machining department, that is, the most important artillery department. This was a strong request from Zhengchao. After the handover incident, the artillery department was placed in the Shouying ministers and had to be under their noses.

After winter, the Han River thawed, and the defense of Fangcheng was loosened. After the Qin army attacked Qi, the cement glutinous steel was given priority for Ji Ying instead of the two cities of Fan and Xiang, which were still not completed. In this context, the Jutiedi Mansion was quickly built.

The mausoleum is no longer a shed built with rammed earth, but a factory similar to a later industrial zone. It is about thirty meters long, eight meters wide and five meters high. Standing on the roof, you can almost look straight to the city wall. There are rows of land windows around it, full of light.

Xiong Jing had seen the design drawings on paper. Mi Xuan was shocked when he first came to Jutie Mansion to see such a huge building. Although the workshop was not inferior in her heart, she always felt dirty. She didn't expect that the workshop where the mansion was built was so bright and tidy.

"The artillery of the Chu army comes from this." The ministers walked in front of Xiong Jing, who was walking in front of Mi Xuan, did not see her surprise. "The cannon is a container of gunpowder. The container sprays the power of gunpowder in a designated direction, breaking the city and killing the enemy. The Jutied Mansion uses the boring machine to produce cannons, and the Qin Shao Mansion... casts cannons with bronze."

Mi Xuan knew the whole story. He was in exchange for Qin in order to save his father's man. After the transfer, Qin Shaofu unexpectedly built artillery. This was the reason why the man came to Jutie Mansion in person to ask about it. She didn't know about this, but she felt guilty. Xiong Jing saw that she was a little uneasy and smiled and said, "It's okay, the Qin people can't make gunpowder."

"Please look, king." Ou Chou, who was walking in front, stopped. The worker Yindao arrived before Xiong Jing, so he knew why Xiong Jing came to Jutie Mansion. Before Xiong Jing came, he ordered people to drag out the bronze cannons he had cast out before.

More than 20 bronze cannons have different sizes, unlike the common spotted bronzes in later generations. The colors of these bronze cannons are extremely bright. You need to look carefully to see that some of them are redder, some are yellower, and some are whiter. Because they are using mud molds, the body of the cannon will inevitably have concave and convex and particles, and some can also see the pores that dissipate heat in some places.

Some bronze cannons are complete, while others are blown up. To be honest, even if there were no craftsmen who died during the relocation of the Chu State in the east, bronze skills may not be able to cast artillery. The lost wax method of the Chu State is proud of, but the lost wax method of the founding of the House is essentially different from the lost wax method of later generations: the lost wax method of the founding of the House can only be used to make some decorative edges on the objects, and it cannot be used to cast the entire object by the lost wax method like in later generations.

Because of this, instead of time-consuming and laborious to cast a durable and difficult bronze cannon, Juti Mansion would rather cast a low-carbon ingot and then use a boring machine to get out the cannon. The entire process is similar to the cylinder of a steam engine, but it is very damaged, so that the early ingots contain carbon similar to cook iron, and their lifespan is far less than that of the later-made cannons.

"The bronze cannon was cast by the mausoleum, but it was not possible." Ou Chou pointed at more than ten bronze cannons behind him and said. "It's not that the cannon body cannot be cast, but the cannon body is very easy to explode. I have been thinking for several months and finally got something.

The so-called "Gold has six qi (recipe): six parts of the metal and tin are one, which is called the clan of the bell and tripod; five parts of the metal and tin are one, which is called the clan of the axe and jin of the four parts of the metal and tin of the tin of the gold is one, which is called the clan of the sword and halves of the gold is one, which is called the clan of the big blade; five parts of the gold is two, which is called the clan of the killing arrows, which is half of the clan of the sword, which is called the clan of the sword.'

The cannons are not bells and tripods, not axes and halberds, not big blades, not cuts and kills, not Jianshu, so there should be Qi. All of them try it, but they still cannot be successful. Axes, spears and halberds, big blades, cuts and kills, and Jianshu's Qi are all exploded. Only if the bells and tripods are small, they will be bombed from time to time and not time.

I added gold and reduced tin. I exploded seven of the ten before, and then five of the ten after, so I knew that there should be no more tin, and the body of the gun was not strong; the body of the tin is not small, and the body of the gun was not solid; the body of the tin is not small, and the body of the gun was not solid. However, if the cannon was cast and loaded with only one tenth of the cannon, it would be useless if it was not bombed."

Bronze utensils of different uses have different formulas. The content of bells, axes, spears, big blades, sharps, scavengs, and tin increases in sequence, from the least one-seventh to the highest third. The test results of Ou Chou are completely correct. The tin content of bronze cannons cannot be too high or too low. If it is too high, the hardness is increased, but the plasticity is sharply reduced; it is not enough to be too low. The Brinell hardness of pure copper is only 35, and the hardness is too low, and the cannons can easily deform.

According to the records of the Western casting cannon metallurgical formula in "Fire Attack and Cheat" in the late Ming Dynasty, "For every copper casting gun..., if the copper is 100 kilograms, and the ginseng is 8 kilograms of tin, then the copper will become hard and soft and strong." If the tin content is not considered burning, it will be about 7.4%. In this way, the ratio can obtain a moderate and durable cannon.

However, Ou Chou clearly knew this ratio, why can't he cast available artillery? The charge was only one-tenth of the artillery soldiers. If it was a fifteen-pound cannon, wouldn't it mean that there were only more than four hundred grams of gunpowder? This tiny of gunpowder could only shoot the shells out of the cannon chamber.

Xiong Jing was thinking about this question, and Ou Chou was about to talk about it. He said: "I thought about it for a long time and I suddenly remembered whether copper and tin were impure. The king also said that the melting point of a thing must be different from that of other things. I melt it with charcoal fire. Sure enough, tin is impure."

"Tin is impure?" Xiong Jing was a little surprised. He thought Ou Chou would say that it was impure copper.

"Yes." Ou Chou nodded: "I looked up the bamboo slips again and found out that the so-called 'clean gold' has tin and lead. Lead is tin, and tin is also called lead. The melting first is tin, and the melting later is lead. If tin and lead are used together, the cannon cannot be completed. Use tin to remove the lead, and the cannon will be completed."

"Lead?!" Xiong Jing said with surprise. He suddenly felt like he wanted to vomit. Lead is a highly toxic substance, an alloy, just a metal combination, not a chemical reaction. If the bronze ware contains lead, wouldn't it be that the Romans used a pendant pipe?

"Lead is highly toxic, why not report it?" Thinking of the fact that he had eaten food steamed with lead-containing bronze ware for more than ten years, as well as the nobles of Chu, the nobles of the world who ate the rice and wine cooked with lead-containing bronze ware for the rest of his life, his scalp suddenly became a little numb. The crew members who ate the canned food with lead-sealed cans in "The Evil Spirit of the Polar Land" went crazy one by one, which did not mean that all the nobles of the world were going crazy.

Xiong Jing's expression suddenly changed. Mi Xuan ignored the others' side and stepped forward to grab his arm tightly. Gong Yindao and Ou Chou were stunned.

"Why did the king say this?" Gong Yindao asked anxiously. The bronze ware was cast in the palace, and he didn't want to be charged with the crime of regicide.

"There is lead in bronze. Since there is lead, the lead will seep into the meat soup and millet rice when cooking. This..." Xiong Jing suddenly wanted to leave Jutie Mansion immediately and go to the royal palace, ordering the chief drinking officer, and the chef's tutor immediately prohibits the use of bronze ware.

"Master, please listen to me again." Xiong Jing said the whole story. Gong Yindao was shocked, and Ou Chou smiled slightly.

"Yan." Xiong Jing looked at him smiling for some reason.

"I learned that Qingjin had tin and lead, so I went to Lantai Palace to look for bamboo slips and armor pieces to know the whole story." Ou Chou said: "Although the two words "tin and lead" were connected, our ancestors did not know that there was a difference between the two. During the Shang Dynasty, only tin was added to the vessels without lead, but it was easy to obtain lead but difficult to find tin. Therefore, all the kings and nobles had added tin without lead; the cheap ones had added tin less and more lead. Because the craftsmen of the building palace casting were the merchants, the ware used in the palace were all without lead."

Ou Chou's words made Xiong Jing breathe a sigh of relief. He asked, "In this way, all the tools used by all the people are lead-containing tools?"

"Yes." Ou Chou nodded. "The same is true for the underworld. In addition, the merchant's tin may come south or from north. The south is less but not easy, so the tin is more from north. Those who come north are the Taoist ways of Zhao people today. Why did merchants count the ways to attack ghosts? Because the ghost side blocked the tin ingots coming from north. The ghost side blocked each other, the merchant could only add lead in Wuxi, but Wu Ding won the great victory in the attack ghosts. After that, the noble man's tin was added without lead."

Xiong Jing had heard before that the Eurasian continent in the Bronze Age, like later generations, had a trade network covering all civilizations. In addition to copper, the most important thing for trade goods is tin. Only with tin can there be bronze. This is the most important strategic material in the Bronze Age. He did not expect that East Asia was also covered by this trade network. The reason why merchants frequently attacked the ghost party was not just for the sake of human sacrifice, but more importantly, to ensure that their trade channels were not cut off by the ghost party.

"However..." When Xiong Jing was thinking, Ou Chou said again. "The Zhou people moved eastward, and many countries had vassals, so they also sought fine patterns and added many lead to the artifacts. The Qi people also followed the old methods of the merchants. In the Three Jin and Qin dynasties, lead and tin must be mixed. If lead is highly toxic, then..."

Tin was expensive and lead. Although merchants and Western Zhou craftsmen did not know that lead was highly toxic, they still abide by the old laws. The royal bronzes never added lead, and the cast copper-tin alloys were made. Of course, no lead was added subjectively. In fact, tin bronzes also contain lead, which is an impurity that is difficult to remove by technology. Archaeology generally believes that bronzes contain less than 2%, and about 1% of lead is not intentionally added.

But later, in order to reduce the difficulty of casting, engineers from various countries pursued beautiful appearance - bronze and lead can reduce the melting point, while improving fluidity, making it easier to cast thin walls and delicate patterns - thus confusing the high and low prices and turning the copper-tin binary alloy into a copper-tin-lead ternary alloy.

"If this is the case, is it because there is lead in the tin?" Xiong Jing calmed down a little, remembering the reason why the Qin State failed to cast cannons.
Chapter completed!