Fourth, studying is all about rice and wheat ()

Ding Weiliang (www.piaotian.comder parsons martin, 1827-1916), whose courtesy name is Guanxi, is from Indiana, USA. Born in a pastoral family, his father and brother were both pastors. In the 30th year of Daoguang (1850 AD), Ding Weiliang volunteered to join the overseas missionary mission of the Northern Presbyterian Church in the United States and was sent to Ningbo, China. He was then the US government

Provide information on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During the Second Opium War, he served as the translation of the American Minister Levilian and participated in the drafting of the Sino-US Tianjin Treaty. He returned to China in the first year of Tongzhi (1862 AD), and soon came to China to establish a church and open a school in Beijing. In 1863, Ding Weiliang began to translate the "Duke of All Nations Laws" by American Wheaton. The book was appreciated by Prince Gong and others, and was distributed to the Zongli Yamen for printing and publishing.1

In 1865, under the strong recommendation of Hurd, the General Taxation Department of Customs, Ding Weiliang resigned from his teaching position in the Northern Presbyterian Church of the United States and served as the chief teacher of the Tongwenguan in the capital until 1894. During this period, he served as an advisor to the international law of the Qing government. In the 1818 Guangxu (1885 AD), he obtained the third rank official title. In 1898, the Peking University Church was established, and Emperor Guangxu was awarded the second rank of Ding Weiliang.

He was appointed as the first chief teacher of the Peking University. In 1902, the Qing court issued an order to restore the Peking University, and Ding Weiliang was re-appointed as chief teacher. However, the Western teachers caused a dispute over the request for compensation from the Qing court. Zhang Baixi, the new Minister of Management, collectively dismissed Ding Weiliang and other Western teachers on the grounds of "strengthening funds". On December 17, 1916, Ding Weiliang died in Beijing and was buried with his wife in a cemetery outside Xizhimen.

From 1850 to 1916, in addition to four years not being in China, Ding Weiliang lived in China for 62 years. He was the first "China Communication" among foreigners in China in the late Qing Dynasty. He was also a controversial historical figure: on the one hand, he actively promoted Christianity, hated the Boxer Rebellion, advocated the division of the spheres of influence of the great powers, "using China to control China" and separating Hainan Island from the United States to strengthen the enslavement of China; on the other hand, he has been engaged in practical work in translation and education for many years, and has served as the head of the famous Chinese educational institution Beijing Tongwenguan and Jingshi University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University), which inadvertently played an important role in the brewing and formation of modern Chinese education. For the first time, he formally and comprehensively introduced international law works to China.

A historical scene is still intriguing: In 1898, when the first university in China, the Jingshi University Hall (now Peking University), was established, Ding Weiliang was appointed as the first chief teacher (i.e., the principal) by Emperor Guangxu, and was awarded the second rank. At the beginning of the school year, he bowed to the Chinese saint Confucius in front of all Chinese and foreign guests. This move made Ding Weiliang regarded as a traitor to God by some Christians, but it was precisely because of this that he integrated into China in this way and became a part of Chinese education.

Of course, Sun Yuanqi didn't know about Ding Weiliang's glorious achievements. It's no wonder. After all, these things in the history of education are too far from graduate students in the Department of Physics. When studying education, they may have mentioned it once or twice, but who would pay attention to this? It's not a test point.

Sun Yuanqi was wearing a long gown and leather shoes, dragging his fake braids, and walked awkwardly on the dusty street. He looked around and felt that the street scene at the imperial city was inferior to that of the small town of the 21st century. When people around him saw him, they also looked up and down:

"Ho! This handsome man is so handsome!"

"She, the shoes under the long gown are weird enough!"

When I arrived at the door of Ding Yuliang's mansion, it was almost eleven o'clock. I guess no one came to Ding Yuliang's house on weekdays, so when the door saw Sun Yuanqi, he looked at him a few more times and asked, "What's the point of doing, sir?"

Sun Yuanqi thought to himself, do you remember that he still said something about it? What kind of "expensive" can you do when you come to the door? At that moment, he said with a tough bullet: "I am the teacher recommended by the American Minister Mr. Kang Ge, and I come to visit Mr. Ding."

"Are there any visits?" Menzi asked.

Sun Yuanqi shook his head and said, "No.——You told Lord Ding that he was the physics teacher I met yesterday, and he would definitely understand."

The doormen didn't make things difficult for him, so they turned around and ran in and reported. After a while, Ding Weiliang, who was blushing and energetic, greeted him: "God, see who is here, please come in quickly, please come in quickly."

Sun Yuanqi quickly walked up to him. He wanted to shake hands, but Ding Yuliang opened his arms and gave a solid hug. Then, Ding Yuliang took a step back and looked at Sun Yuanqi carefully: "Look, look, this guy, this appearance, and this temperament, it has been a long time since I left America."

Just as he was about to say a few humility, Ding Weiliang took his hand and walked into the house: "Do you know? Chinese children are so energetic, but after entering the school, they become old scholars, without any anger. When they are young, they are old-fashioned and keep talking "Zhihu". Young men like you are very rare in Chinese schools. Well, at least I have not seen them. When you come to the Beijing University to teach, you will agree with my opinion..."

Ding Weiliang is very talkative, or rather, very long-winded. It was not until after sitting down in the main hall that Sun Yuanqi had time to say the first sentence after meeting: "Dear gentleman, I came here to disturb you today because I wanted to ask about the matter about the Peking University..."

"Want tea or coffee?" Ding Weiliang asked Sun Yuanqi. Before he could answer, he continued: "It's better to have tea, after all, it's in China. Just a few days ago, Lord Sun - the one you met yesterday - gave me some top-quality Mingqian Longjing, which was just right to taste." So he ordered the servant to serve tea.

Turning around, "My child, what did you say just now? Oh, by the way, the matter of the Peking University! How do you say it... You know, I am the chief teacher of the Peking University, but I don't know some things very well - Chinese officials have always been like this, always complicating simple things, and in any independent thing, there are intrigues, distribution of interests, and nepotism... For example, the housing issue of the Peking University, on May 29, Lord Sun began to report

;On the same day, Prince Qing used the Ma Temple as the school location; because the Ma Temple houses had more than 340 rooms, and the situation was very serious due to disrepair. Three days later, on the second day of June, His Majesty the Emperor asked the Ministry of Internal Affairs to repair the Ma Temple. A month passed, and yesterday, Lord Sun and I went to investigate. The project had no progress and the school was nowhere to be started! This money must have been greedy by those hateful officials again. My child, this is a crime, a naked crime, and it is unforgivable..."

From Ding Weiliang's words, Sun Yuanqi heard a message that disappointed him very much: "School starts is far away." So his face was filled with dark clouds: "Dear sir, how long will it take for you to say "no matter how far away"?"

"How long? It may be certain, it depends on the determination of His Majesty the Emperor and the efforts of the officials." Ding Weiliang was somewhat gloating. Seeing Sun Yuanqi's face full of sorrow, he asked with concern: "What's wrong with my child? Did you encounter any problems?"

The long-term missionary life and gray-haired face gave Ding Weiliang a natural affinity. Sun Yuanqi looked at Ding Weiliang with a kind face, unable to control his emotions and began to talk about his difficulties: "Just just returned to China", "first to Beijing", he was not familiar with customs, had no job, had no penniless, had no relatives or friends... In short, the core word is one: "no money".

Ding Weiliang listened carefully to Sun Yuanqi's remarks and expressed sympathy and concern for his situation. After listening, he said, "Poor child, God will bless you." After a long time, he scratched his head: "I think if you want, you can go to a middle school to teach first."

"Go to teach in middle school?" Sun Yuanqi was stunned. The evil Qing Dynasty was not caused by the consequences of going to the middle school for interviews. However, in the face of survival pressure, this psychological shadow had long disappeared: "It is best to teach in middle school. But where is the middle school?"

"Ha, my child, if you want, there is a middle school for you to choose from now." It turned out that when Ding Weiliang came to China for the second time, he founded Chongshi Middle School in Beijing, which is now Beijing No. 21 Middle School, and served as the principal of the school from 1865 to 1885. What he is talking about now is this Chongshi Middle School.

Ding Weiliang asked: "What do you choose to teach when you go to Chongshi Middle School? Or 'Gezhi'?"

"Of course, except for "Gezhi", I am far from being able to do anything else, and it will mislead people's children." Sun Yuanqi explained. But I thought to myself: Since I was a graduate student, I have only learned three courses, physics, English, and politics. Apart from physics, teaching English? God knows how much the difference between grammar in the late Qing Dynasty and grammar in the 21st century. Teaching politics? As for Marx, Engels, Mao and Deng's trick, I dare to preach in the late Qing Dynasty, but I don't have enough ten heads to cut off.

Ding Weiliang laughed, his white beard shook: "Then we are both colleagues and colleagues."

Seeing Sun Yuanqi's confusion, he explained to him with a slight pride: In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), the Tongwenguan of the capital published seven volumes of "Introduction to the Investigation of Things", which combined the author's Western "Water Science, Qi Science, Fire Science, Electrical Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Mathematical Science" that he wrote. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), he published his compilation of "Investigation of Things". From another perspective, Ding Weiliang can be regarded as "the pioneer of Chinese physics education."

Sun Yuanqi naturally didn't know about these things. But when it comes to physics - "Gezhi", he didn't dare to let people go. The two of them said that until noon, Ding Weiliang kept the meal enthusiastically, and Sun Yuanqi did not refuse much. After the meal, he talked for a while before Sun Yuanqi said goodbye. Before leaving, Ding Weiliang gave him another ten taels of silver and asked Sun Yuanqi's address, saying that he would actively communicate with Chongshi Middle School, and would inform him whenever there was news. Sun Yuanqi thanked him so much before he left.

With ten taels of silver and seven pieces of eagle, Sun Yuanqi had some confidence and felt that it would be fine for a month or two. Only one or two months later, Sun Yuanqi comforted himself: At that time, there would always be a school in Chongshi Middle School and Peking University!

On the way, I bought some cooked food and four white flour buns to make dinner; I bought another bottle of wine, but it was for Lao Tong, thanking him for help today. Then I walked back slowly.

When we arrived at the Horse Temple, the sunset was already on the treetops. Old Tong was sitting on the threshold to enjoy the cool air. When he saw him coming back, he stood up with a smile and greeted him: "Mr. Sun, you are back."

Sun Yuanqi now felt that the old man was not bad, so he smiled and said, "Come back. Are you always enjoying the cool air?"

"The house is so boring. The style of the hall at the entrance of this temple is so beautiful! Are you sitting there for a while?" Lao Tong invited.

At this time, Sun Yuanqi felt very well wearing a long gown and was sweating all over. He wanted to go back to the house to take a shower first: "I'd better go back and take a shower first. By the way, I bought cooked food and went to have dinner together later." After that, he raised the wine and meat and steamed buns in his hand.

The old man smiled embarrassedly and replied, "Yes! You've bought a full job for everything you said, and there are 830 cents left. Then I'll send it to you later."

Although the yard was "taken over" yesterday, in Sun Yuanqi's heart, it was a "home". The moment he stepped into the yard, he felt a sense of security when he returned home. When he entered the yard, he first hung cooked food and steamed buns on the branches. The wine bottle was made of ceramic. He was afraid of falling, so he placed it on the root of the willow tree. When he entered the house, he put the money in his first place, then put the schoolbag on the bed, took off his long gown and trousers.

A bucket of cold water was poured from the well and took a shower with the rag. Then, he washed his trousers and long gowns in the bucket, wringed them out and hung them on the tree. He thought he would do it tomorrow morning and would not delay wearing it. Then, he took the bucket of water to the west wing, took off his underwear and washed it - even if there was no one, he was naked in the atrium, and was always indecent. After washing, he put his underwear back. There was no way, who could only give him a pair of underwear!

There are a few flat stones under the willow trees in the garden, which are used to cool off in summer. Because no one has lived there for a long time, half a finger deep loess fell on it. Sun Yuan first swept it with a broken broom, then washed it with water, and it was clean immediately. Just as he was about to sit on it and rest, Old Tong came in with a big cloth bag on his back.

Perhaps it was influenced by Sun Yuanqi, or perhaps the customs of the Qing Dynasty were like this, so Lao Tong wore a deep-crotch pants, like two face pockets, tied them with a cloth strap around his waist, and tied his legs tightly with small cloth strips, which was a very modern hip-hop outfit. He casually pulled a pair of cloth shoes on his feet. Sun Yuanqi went up to him and helped to move the cloth bag under the willow tree, and was about to pack up and have dinner.

Old Tong reached out to stop him and said, "Don't worry about eating. Let's take a look at the Guang'er first, and then let's talk about what you have done!"

Sun Yuanqi said: "I don't worry if you do things."

The old man was unhappy: "'Brother, settle the score clearly.' My old Tong Ke is open!"

Sun Yuanqi could only follow his wishes and take out things in the sunset: a wooden basin for washing his face, a towel, a panties, a candle, a bowl, a chopstick... and finally took out a sickle-shaped iron thing.

Sun Yuanqi picked it up, looked it for a long time, and asked, "What's this?"

"It's the fire sickle!" Old Tong glanced at it and replied casually.

"..." Sun Yuanqi was speechless. Who would use this? After a while, he asked carefully, "Are there any matches here to buy? The kind that can be hit by one stroke."

"Match? That's a foreigner's business. By the way, the teeth you mentioned... were scraped, and no one on the street knew what it was, so he didn't buy it." After saying that, he took out a string of money from his body, "This is the remaining 830 cents, you just clicked."

"Take it. I'll think about it again tonight and see what else I'll go out to buy some with you tomorrow." Sun Yuanqi pushed the money back, stood up and took the wine and meat over. The newly bought chopsticks and bowls were just right.

Lao Tong hung the money on his waist and said, "It's done! Go tomorrow." He didn't hesitate, picked up the wine bowl and took a big sip.

When the crescent moon came up, the yard was clear. Lao Tong was drunk and had already returned crookedly. Sun Yuanqi cleaned up the bowls and chopsticks, lay on a stone, looked at the brilliant galaxy in the night sky, and began to plan for his future life:

I will go out to buy some things tomorrow. The things Lao Tong bought are not very suitable for use, such as underwear, without elastic bands, and I also need to tie them with a cloth band; for example, a fire sickle, which requires a knock to appear before sparks appear.

When I talked to Ding Weiliang, I knew that today was June 29, the 24th year of the Guangxu period, and the Western calendar was August 16, 1898. I don’t know how many days there are left for the “Hundred Days Reform”. Caishikou is going to kill people!

If you are preparing to teach, you must prepare the textbook now, and you have to write the textbooks yourself. In this way, you have to prepare paper, pen, brush, and rice paper, and you won’t be able to use it if you have it. You should go to a foreigner’s store to buy pens and ink. If you don’t have a pen, you have to use a quill pen.
Chapter completed!