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Some Opinions on the Reform of the Eighteenth Eighth

Some people say that the failure of the reform was because "subjectively, the development of the Chinese bourgeoisie was not thorough, it was weak and compromised. Objectively, the feudal reactionary forces in China were too strong and seriously hindered." This is the standard answer to textbooks, but it does not conform to the facts. In fact, the subjective and objective factors here also had this problem in Japan and the Qing Dynasty. The resistance of the feudal reactionary forces in Japan was even stronger than that of China. For example, after Japan's reform, the feudal forces in Kyushu launched an armed attack on the new regime.

After the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Reform of the Reform of the Reform of 1898, which was chaired by Emperor Guangxu in 1898 was born. Under the influence of textbooks and mainstream media, people basically believed that the Reform of 1899 was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi, and Empress Dowager Cixi was the root of hindering China's progress. But the truth was not the case. How could the Old Buddha remain indifferent? According to Fei Xingjian's "Biography of Empress Dowager Cixi" in the early days of the reform, Empress Dowager Cixi said to Emperor Guangxu: "The reform was Su Zhi, and at the beginning of Tongzhi, Zeng Guofan's proposal was accepted, and he sent his children to study abroad, build ships and make machinery, in order to make prosperity and strength." "If you can get rich and strong, your son will do it yourself, and I will not control it internally." Emperor Guangxu was always afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi and waited for Empress Dowager Cixi.

The heart was revealed, and the depression was suddenly relieved. He acted boldly under the accompaniment of several scholars, hoping to complete the task of a thousand-year-old within a week. Haste would not be achieved, but it would be counterproductive and offended a large number of vested interests. Emperor Guangxu and the reformists changed completely, and the rapid reform proposals of major changes caused a strong shock to the entire social structure, which made many social groups and political forces that had interests in the existing society feel threatened. During the Hundred Days Reform, more than 110 imperial edicts were issued, which was dazzling. Officials from all localities complained. Emperor Guangxu severely punished officials who obstructed the reform and made too many enemies. As for the abolition of the eight-legged essay reform system, it caused widespread panic among the large group of scholars.

What the scholars did would lead to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. Empress Dowager Cixi had to come out to stabilize the political situation and swallow the consequences of the "bloody coup". In dealing with the reform of 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi made contributions and no mistakes. (It was meritorious to the corrupt government and was highly poisonous to the people.) If Empress Dowager Cixi really had to be as ambitious as Wu Zetian at that time, why didn't she become emperor? (If you had adultery with a married woman, why didn't you marry her?) For various reasons, Empress Dowager Cixi was already ugly and could not be vilified anymore. (The ugly ones were originally ugly even if they were smeared with rouge bought from wasting the annual military pay of the Beiyang Fleet, it was still ugly)

Empress Dowager Cixi supported the reform (she also supported the invulnerable Boxer Rebellion). This new policy led by herself proves this. "Because the accumulated tragedy between China and foreign countries was too deep, we had to adapt to the times and make efforts to rectify it. However, the slutty people secretly stole the theory of reform and inciting chaos. The business and the practice of punishment were severely punished to curb the turbulent flow. All politically related national economy and people's livelihood, both new and old, must be implemented in sequence and must not be abandoned because of choking." But in such an era of great social changes, she did not have the knowledge literacy that a supreme ruler should have. She did not have the desire and action to actively absorb new knowledge, so she showed amazing ignorance on many issues, such as thinking that the construction of railways destroyed Feng Shui, and the trains had to be pulled by donkeys and horses, etc. (But this cannot be entirely blamed on her, the knowledge background of that era was like this). Her ignorance shadow
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