Since the beginning of winter, many snowfalls in the capital have fallen one after another. Last night, it was drifting with heavy snowfall. By the morning, a thick layer had already accumulated on the ground, covered with silver everywhere.∷∷,

Liu Jun came to Fengtian Hall in front of Fengtian Hall to appreciate the snow.

During the previous dynasty, Fengtianmen was the place where the emperor's imperial gate listened to politics. There was a throne in the hall, and hundreds of officials paid homage to me. However, even the Chang Dynasty was gone, so naturally there was no imperial gate listened to politics. Only the Ganqing Gate, who was in the inner dynasty, was left.

Liu Jun was wearing a sable cloak and stood on the high Fengtian Gate, watching the scattering snow.

"Auspicious snow indicates a good harvest." Liu Jun grabbed a handful of snow from the railing and held it in his hand. The soft snow immediately formed ice cubes, and the ice water was irritated, but Liu Jun played with it like a child and did not let go.

"Your Majesty, be careful of your cold hands." Wang Kun, the eunuch in charge of the Sili Supervisor, said quickly.

Liu Jun threw the ice in his hand a few times, then threw it hard into the square in front of Fengtian Gate. The snow ball fell into the snow. Liu Jun clapped his hands, turned around and returned to the throne to sit down.

Under the throne, the ministers who were hanging with the Prime Minister in politics all gave him a seat, all of whom were full of fear. This was not pretending. The Senate rejected the official assessment bill, but the emperor did not respond for three days. It was not until today that everyone was summoned to the palace. After three days of hanging, these three days really made these important officials uneasy.

If the emperor asked them to enter the palace as soon as possible or even got angry at them, the matter might not be serious. However, it took three days to call them into the palace. According to the emperor's style, this is already extremely dissatisfied.

The chief assistant of the cabinet, Yuan Jixian, the chief censor Liu Zongzhou, the second assistant Li Banghua, the chief senator Ni Yuanlu, the chief representative Yao Minggong, the left Privy Councilor Wang Qian, the chief minister of Shuntian Prefecture Zheng Sanjun, and the chief eunuch Wang Kun.

Now these eight people are holding the title of Prime Minister and Counselor, and are all waiting for the storm to come.

Wang Kun smiled and said, "Three years of Longhan are about to pass. This year is a good weather and prosperity, and the country is prosperous and the people are safe. Food production is high in various places, and the imperial court has won consecutive victories. This year, the national treasury still has a lot of surplus."

Liu Jun just said lightly, "I won't talk about these today."

"Yes, Master." Wang Kun nodded quickly.

Senator Ni Yuanlu had to speak.

"Your Majesty, after the founding of the Han Dynasty, the implementation of all new policies was His Majesty's far-sightedness, and many new policies began to play a good role. The strength of the Han Dynasty today is inseparable from the new policies implemented by His Majesty. But since Your Majesty is entrusted to be the important task of the Senate, then I have the responsibility to be responsible for the Han Dynasty and Your Majesty. I think the official assessment bill is not perfect enough. Since I think it is inappropriate, I cannot allow it to pass it against my will."

Liu Jun asked him, "What do you think is wrong with this official assessment method?"

"When I go back to the emperor, I think this assessment method is too strict, and it is not easy for the country to pick up scholars. It is often only after twenty years of hard study before I can get the imperial examination."

Liu Jun interrupted Ni Yuanlu with a sneer.

"What the Han Dynasty lacks most is officials. Once officials enter the official position, they can only go up and not down. Officials often become local families, father and son inherit, and the village is completely controlled by the great clans. Many scholars only know how to do eight-legged essays, turn a blind eye to things outside the window, and study hard. Even if they pass the exam for twenty years, such officials are useless. When they go to local office, they often have to rely on their aides and teachers and clerks. Now the imperial court has increased the number of talents admitted to the imperial examination, abolished the eight-legged essays, and held civil servant exams to select the best officials, and also trained and trained them. The purpose is to select and train a group of officials who not only understand the classics, history, and also understand the economy and people's livelihood."

"But even so, these people will still be inappropriate when they arrive. These officials will naturally be eliminated. The court does not need a position to eat and is incompetent and mediocre. Such people are even more terrifying than those capable but corrupt officials who have the qualities of corruption."

The emperor's open words shocked Ni Yuanlu and others. In their hearts, especially in the former Donglin Party like Ni Yuanlu, officials must first talk about ethics and morality, and then talk about ability. Morality is more important than ability, and they would rather choose a mediocre but honest official than tolerate a capable but corrupt official.

But now the emperor actually expressed the opposite attitude.

Liu Jun swept over the eight people and finally fell on Ni Yuanlu.

"I know that it is not easy to become an official. I may not be able to pass the imperial examination after studying hard for twenty years. The imperial examination is like a thousand troops crossing a single-plank bridge. But this is not a reason. The officers of the court have implemented the promotion period and term of office. The positions are linked to military ranks, and the number of positions is strictly limited. They cannot be added or reduced at will. From low-level to senior officers, the number of positions is in the shape of a pyramid. Therefore, each level of promotion has a certain elimination rate, and the fittest is in a bad state. This is the basis for ensuring the prosperity of the empire."

"Why can't civil servants do this? Not only do I have to let civil servants practice this promotion and elimination mechanism, but I also have to break the national way of recruiting scholars through the imperial examinations, and break the barriers of officials. The imperial examinations and civil servants exams are taken at the same time. After passing the imperial examinations and the examinations, special training and internships are also required, and part of them must be eliminated in this process. All officials must start from the bottom. As long as they do well, they can be promoted continuously. Even officials will have the opportunity to participate in politics like you."

"Officials can only go up and not down, and officials can't be officials. These are all bad policies and all need to be reformed."

Liu Jun deliberately slowed down his speech.

"If you know your mistakes, you will not change your conservative and closedness, and in the end it will be a mistake for the country and the people. Today, I will not be a vain with you. Today, I will show you my attitude to the world. Those who are capable will be fair will be allowed to be demoted by mediocre people, and there is no politeness to you. Ni Yuanlu, I have made you the Senate President, and I have great expectations for you and hope that you can control the court, but what you are doing now is not to control the court, but to drag the court back. From today on, you will be exempted from all positions and only retain your title. Go home!"

Everyone was shocked.

Ni Yuanlu himself did not expect that the emperor would just rub him.

After a moment of confusion, Ni Yuanlu got up and took off his Liang Guan.

"I have to let your Majesty down."

"Young Fu Yao is old and has already resigned. I have forced you to serve as the first speaker of the House of Representatives. Thank you for your hard work. I can't bear to work so hard. Today, I will allow You to resign as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and return to your hometown to enjoy your life."

Everyone was shocked again.

The two speakers were abolished in a row. Even though the Speaker Yao Minggong was just the Speaker of a nursing home, he still had the title of Prime Minister to participate in politics. No matter how the Han Dynasty separates its powers, the Prime Minister's Office is the highest decision-making center of the Han Dynasty. The Prime Minister participates in politics, which is equivalent to one of the many prime ministers.

But the emperor's words are not astonishing as he can't stop today, he is not finished yet.

"Wang Kun, you have followed me for several years, worked hard and made great contributions. You have been in the Silijian for three years. I have ordered someone to build a villa for you in your hometown to enjoy your old age. You can go back to your hometown to raise your family."

Wang Kun's face was pale and he didn't know where he did something wrong.

"From next year, the court will fully implement the new law, with officials serving each year and exams every two years. Each position is re-elected for two terms, whether it is a county magistrate or a prime minister. You three are older, so I won't keep you for another four years. Let's go back to your hometown to enjoy it this year."

"In addition, the eunuch of the Sili Superintendent will no longer be given the title of Prime Minister to participate in politics after he is in charge of the seal."

"Mr. Yuan."

"I'm here." The chief minister quickly stood up.

"Sir is still young and strong, so I will hand over the cabinet to you. Starting next year, the new law will be officially implemented. I hope that Mr. can lead the cabinet for me for another eight years."

Yuan Jixian is fifty-five this year, and only sixty-three years later, and is actually quite young. But the emperor's words are obvious. Yuan Jixian has served as the chief minister for three years. These three years can be ignored under the restrictions stipulated by the new law that no more than two or eight years. However, if he can only serve for two or eight years, he will have to give way.

"Yes." Yuan Jixian replied.

"Former Governor of North Korea, Zhang Guowei, took over as Senate Doctor, and former Governor of Zhili, Li Shuchu, took over as Senate Doctor." Liu Jun first removed the three prime ministers from participating in politics, and now he has proposed two new ones. In addition, the Sili Superintendent, who was removed from the Prime Minister's qualification to participate in politics, has now only seven prime ministers left in the Prime Minister's office to participate in politics, and a new prime minister is composed of a new prime minister.

Seven participating in politics, from the Three Horses, Privy Council and Shuntian Prefecture, two Grand Secretary of the Cabinet, two Speakers, one Censor, one Left Privy Councilor and one Prefecture Prefecture.

The eunuch was completely eliminated and was cleared out of the center of the court, and only one seat was retained in the military.

Liu Jun also used this adjustment to strengthen the importance of the General Office. The current situation in the court and the cabinet is equivalent to the ******* in later generations, the Privy Council is equivalent to the General Secretary. The House of Representatives is naturally the Congress, and the Censorate is equivalent to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Above these four major yamen, Liu Jun also has two nominal consultative agencies for the Emperor's Consultation Office and the Military Affairs Office. In fact, the General Office is equivalent to the British Cabinet, or the True Knowledge Bureau of China, and the Military Affairs Office is equivalent to the Military Commission.

These two institutions were the emperor's consultative and staff, but Liu Jun unified civil and military affairs through these two institutions.

In fact, whether it is the three provinces and six ministries of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the later subordinates of the Zhongshu of the Tang and Song dynasties, or the Zhongshu of the Yuan dynasty or the Ming cabinet, no matter which department controls the central power of each dynasty, it is actually the emperor who changes it to strengthen his own control.

The Shangshu Province was formed during the Eastern Han Dynasty. At first, the emperor was the emperor to divide the power of the prime minister. The Shangshu Tower established in the inner dynasty gradually formed the Shangshu Province. Later, in the Three Kingdoms period, the Zhongshumen and the Menxia Province were formed again, with the purpose of dividing and restricting the rights of the Shangshu Province.

By the Sui Dynasty, the three provinces and six ministries were uniform, mainly in charge of the formulation, review and implementation of central government orders and policies. However, during the Sui Dynasty, the Shangshu Province was still the most powerful among the three provinces. Therefore, in order to restrict and divide the rights of the Shangshu Province, the title of Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi was established, and finally the title of Tongzhongshu Menxia Tongzhangshi was formed to be the real prime minister. The Shangshu Province, which did not add this title, could not enter the center to participate in decision-making.

After the Song Dynasty, the Secretary of the Central Secretariat, Privy Council, and the Three Departments were divided into three major affairs: government, military and wealth. The power of the Prime Minister was the Privy Council, and the Three Departments were divided into three parts. The Prime Minister, Privy Council, and the Three Departments were divided into two parts. The power of the Prime Minister, Privy Council, and the Three Departments were equal and not in charge.

In the Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang killed Hu Weiyong, he simply issued an order, and the Ming Dynasty was not allowed to establish a prime minister. Later, the cabinet ministers were used to share the responsibility of the prime minister.

It can be said that whether it was from the prime minister in the Qin and Han dynasties, to the three provinces in the Sui and Tang dynasties, as well as the subordinates of the Secretariat in the Song dynasty, or the Ming cabinet, they were actually an effort by the emperor to strengthen the imperial power in order to divide the power of the prime minister.

The central mechanism changes over and over again, all to achieve better balance.

The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister, later established a cabinet, and later asked the Sili Supervisor to approve the honors, forming an internal and external dynasty. This is all due to this. Only three years after the founding of the Han Dynasty, Liu Jun also made continuous adjustments, but the purpose was the same, in order to form a stable balance state, so that the power of the ministers checks and balances each other, and also cooperates with each other.

Now, it has basically reached a equilibrium state.

The opposition vote this time made the pattern that Liu Jun finally established was somewhat unstable. Keep Ni Yuanlu. If the cabinet proposes an assessment bill again, the Senate will likely reject it again, after all, this involves the interests of many officials.

If the cabinet's proposal is rejected twice, the cabinet chief has to resign, or the emperor has to remove the position of Senate. One of the two has to leave, after all, it has been rejected twice, and the cabinet and the Senate have no tacit understanding.

This is just like in the Ming Dynasty, when the cabinet proposed votes and the rituals and supervisors approved the prize. If the emperor was dissatisfied with the cabinet's criticism and directly changed the instructions, the cabinet's chief minister had to resign, because this represents the emperor's distrust of the cabinet's chief minister. If the emperor distrusts it, how can he be the cabinet's chief minister?

Therefore, under normal circumstances, if the House of Representatives is rejected once, the cabinet will have to discuss with the Senate, or shelve the bill or improve the House until the two parties can reach an agreement, and then the review will be submitted.

Of course, if both sides fight and the Senate appears, otherwise the cabinet will mention another veto, then one of these two sides will have to leave.

If one of them is gone and there is a third motion submitted and rejected again for the third time, it will be a big deal. Either the parliament will be dissolved and the reorganization of the parliament will be dissolved or the cabinet will be dissolved.

At that point, it will be quite serious.

Liu Jun didn't plan to make a fuss to that extent, and he didn't even plan to take the risk of filing a second proposal, so he went straight to take the blame and replaced the Senate General today.

Ni Yuanlu was exempted, but the Senate still had to keep it, and even Liu Jun planned to give the House a little power. After all, the House exists to check and balance the cabinet. Without the House of Representatives, the cabinet would have too much power.

"The Cabinet will study and modify the Official Assessment Law and then submit it to the Senate for review. I hope it will be passed before the New Year. In addition, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of War immediately started preparing for the first national civil and military officials' examination. After the New Year, the major examination will be held nationwide. The assessment must be completed before the summer. After the assessment, all civil and military officials will officially start to be held every four years, every two years, and the same position will be re-elected for up to two years."

"All officials, whether civil and military officials, or eunuchs and female officials in the palace, must complete the assessment and compete for employment after the assessment."

Those who are capable after the assessment will be given up and the mediocre will be demoted. Some officials will be eliminated according to the evaluation promotion and elimination rate at all levels that Liu Jun has already planned. After successfully passing the assessment, the term of office will be calculated. After taking up the post, the term of office will be calculated before the assessment. Therefore, all official positions will be calculated in the summer after the assessment in spring next year, and there will be a complete four-year term, which can be re-elected for two terms for eight years. Those who do very well and have outstanding achievements in their post can be promoted directly after the exam for two years.

The seven prime ministers in the new Prime Minister's office participated in politics, and each of them still had the opportunity to be the prime minister for eight years, as long as the prerequisite was to satisfy the emperor. If he performed poorly, like Ni Yuanlu, he might not be satisfied even for four years.

But no matter how good you do, you can only be satisfied with the emperor like the chief assistant Yuan Jixian, and you can only work for eight years.

Moreover, the Prime Minister's participation in politics is linked to the positions of the Prime Minister and the Second Auxiliary in the Cabinet, which is the same as the military rank and position of the officers. First of all, you must hold seven important positions, including the Prime Minister, so that you can also add the rank of the Prime Minister's participation in politics.

Liu Jun looked at them and said, "I hope that my dear friends can cooperate more and less disputes in the future. In addition to the Censorate, Cabinet, House of Representatives, and Privy Council can submit them to the House of Representatives, but I hope that before submitting the House of Representatives to the Senate, we can make preparations first, and at the same time communicate and negotiate with the Senate in advance. For some controversial points, try to negotiate in advance. Don't submit the House of Representatives to the Senate for review without preparation, and eventually there will be no majority votes in favor of the bill."

The Censorate is a system that is specifically responsible for justice, so Liu Jun does not allow the Censorate to have the right to propose. They just need to follow the laws that have been passed. This is just like Liu Jun will not give the senate judicial power, it is both an athlete and a referee, and of course it cannot.

"Mr. Ni, Mr. Yao, and Mr. Wang, you three are all heroes of the Han Dynasty. I will not erase or forget your contributions. You are old, so it is good to go back to your hometown to enjoy your old age. Don't have any grudges in your heart."

Ni Yuanlu, Yao Minggong and Wang Kun all stepped forward and knelt down and kowtowed to the emperor.

"I am grateful to the holy grace."

"I hope you can understand that I am also working hard. You can set an example and make a good start. This year, the court will not only implement the assessment system, term limits, but also age limits. Officials from ninth to fifth ranks need to retire and leave after the age of fifty-five. Officials from fifth to third ranks must retire and leave at the age of sixty. Officials from third ranks must retire and leave at the age of sixty. Officials from third ranks must retire and leave at the age of sixty. The Prime Minister will be healthy in politics and can relax his age until he is seventy-year-old."

What officials are still the ones who are seventy-eighty and eighty-year-olds, and can they handle matters? The retirement age of officials is also to make the bureaucratic team younger and more efficient.

However, Yao Minggong is only fifty-five this year, while Ni Yuanlu is only fifty years old. He is already very young at this age. But Yao Minggong himself is very mediocre and has no ability. Although he was a cabinet master in the late Ming Dynasty, Liu Jun brought him into the New Dynasty cabinet and the House of Representatives, which was actually just a matter of making up the number.

Ni Yuanlu was once a veteran of the Donglin Party and had once been against Liu Jun. Now he can't pee with Liu Jun, so Liu Jun of course kicked them out of the center without hesitation.

As for the eunuch Wang Kun, it was not because of his morality or other issues. It was just that Liu Jun did not need to rely on eunuchs to divide the power of ministers. He also disliked eunuchs who were too involved in politics. Eunuchs could only be assistant secretaries. They were born with shortcomings and stayed in the palace every day and asked them to be prime ministers to participate in politics, which was not appropriate.

Now that the number of eunuchs in the palace is getting smaller and smaller, Liu Jun has slowly let these eunuchs withdraw from the center of the court, just to make them some assistants to the emperor's private life.

Zhang Guowei and Li Shuchu are both chief officials of several local governors. Now the court has abolished the position of governor. One former governor of Zhili and the other former governor of Korea are still resting in the capital. These two are rich in local experience, and Zhang Guowei has also held important positions in the court, and both are forty-six or seven years old, under fifty.

Now Liu Jun has transferred these two practical and young sects to the center and served as speakers of the Senate and House of Representatives, which is also thoughtful.

In fact, these two are more suitable for working in the cabinet, but Liu Jun finally planned to let these two people serve in the House of Representatives first. Anyway, the speakers of the Senate and House of Representatives are also held as the Prime Minister's participation in politics, and can participate in the decision-making of major affairs in the court.
Chapter completed!