Britain and France owed a total of 2.14 billion pounds of debt to the United States and 1.14 billion pounds of debt to China. These debts are very important to China and the United States. If this naval competition cannot be stopped at this stage, it may eventually become a collective debt of Britain, France and Italy. All countries

Because of the debt crisis, the navy will fight another world war.

This is the reason why China and the United States must unite to ask countries to stop naval competition. In short, China and the United States require that "don't build ships, pay back the money first."

On the other hand, Prime Minister Ouyang Geng and British Prime Minister Lloyd George also held talks between Chinese and British Prime Ministers in Singapore. Both sides were sincere and thorough in dealing with the Hong Kong issue. At the same time, they made a final negotiation and demarcation on the sphere of influence of the two major empires of China and Britain, and stopped

The increasing confrontation between China and Britain is currently a growing trend of confrontation. The fact that China and Britain support each other's opponents to divide their forces is itself a detrimental to others and unfavorable to themselves, but if the British Empire continues to maintain that arrogant and ignoring China's strength, it will still be a rash attempt.

If the act of dominating the entire Asia and even the interests of China's surrounding areas will continue to expand endlessly.

After taking advantage of the opportunity of World War I to support Afghanistan, China targeted the British Empire's policy of promoting "free Asia" and called on the UK to recognize Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, Malaya, and India's precepts, restore freedom in Asia, and not exploit and enslave Asia.

people.

The UK retaliated with support for ** and West Asia, secretly contacted religious leaders of ** and Tajik region, and supported Japan's infiltration into the Far East through Sakhalin Island. On the issue of Hong Kong, it also changed from intentional delay to malicious revenge.

Try to strengthen the troops stationed in Hong Kong.

Behind this series of events is the rise of the anti-war movement in the UK and the rapid decline in the support rate of the joint cabinet government. On the contrary, it is the expansion of China's anti-British wave, and there are large-scale mass anti-British demonstrations all over the country. Guangzhou was established.

The Opium War Memorial Hall, Tianjin and Beijing established the Eight-Nation Alliance Invasion Memorial Hall, everything is directed to the British Empire. Most of the British commercial institutions in China have come to a standstill, and almost all British capital in China were forced to run due to bank runs.

Business suspension.

The world politics after World War I was so complex and dark, and it was still full of the crisis of a new world war.

World politics is always very dark.

Although the British Empire, led by Prime Minister Lloyd George, only continued the traditional British Empire policy, this foreign policy that lags behind the times not only did not maintain the British Empire's world hegemony, but further furthered the contradiction between China and the United States.

At the same time, the contradiction between Britain, France, Britain and Italy is also expanding. The entire international world is in a messy situation of being isolated and challenged.

The China-UK-Macao Conference and the Washington Conference of Britain-UK-UK-US, China-Japan-French-Italy were held at the same time under this specific historical condition.

...

In March 1922, countries basically reached an agreement to stop the current naval competition. Britain, the United States, Japan, China, France and Italy divided the total tonnage standards of the main ships and the total tonnage of aircraft carriers according to the principle of 10:10:7:5:5:3.

The division standards are roughly the above, but China and Japan have the right to maintain a level of 70% compared to Britain and France.

In the fierce competition between China, Britain, the United States and Japan, the displacement tonnage of cruisers is stipulated to be 10,000 tons or less. The caliber of the main gun must not exceed 8 inches. If it exceeds 6 inches, it is a heavy cruiser. If it is below this standard, it is a light cruiser.

Cruisers with 8-inch main guns are all included in the main battleship.

As Britain and Japan severely oppose limiting the total tonnage of cruisers in both countries, the meeting failed to reach a limit on the total volume of light and heavy cruisers. China's initial requirement was to maintain the standard of total tonnage with the Japanese Navy, but under the opposition of Britain and Japan,

In the end, as a compromise, China and France maintained a restricted treaty on the total displacement of 265,000 tons of main ships in an alliance manner.

Since the Macau Conference and the Washington Conference were held simultaneously, on the other side of the Pacific, Britain has actually made a very huge concession, and Britain not only recognizes China's highest territorial sovereignty in principle, as well as its Kashmir region and Central Asia

, the West Asian region's stakeholders, the dividing line between northern Myanmar, southern Tibet and jurisdiction over the Andaman Islands also agreed with China's demands.

In addition, China and the United Kingdom negotiated and resolved the debt issue in Macau, and China and Britain re-signed the Sino-British Friendship Trade Treaty. China's debt rights in Britain will gradually be transformed into investments in the British Empire and its colonies, and Britain guaranteed these investments

Safe and stable.

As a final concession, China promised to assist the British Empire in maintaining world stability and peace and no longer provide practical support for the "Free Asia" policy. On the basis of Britain's recognition of China's equal privilege in Asia, China recognizes Britain's global scale

the current status of privilege.

In short, being sacrificed is the interests of the small country itself.

As all disputed areas were obtained in the negotiations on demarcation of northern Myanmar, the empire increased 128,000 square kilometers of territory from northern Myanmar and northwest India, and bounded extensively with India in the southwest of the Wild Man Mountain area. After occupying the eastern Myanmar region, the same

Thailand also officially has a border area, providing the empire with a foothold of 22,000 square kilometers for the empire to intervene in Thailand by land.

In addition to the previous secret deal between the Empire and France, the Empire has greatly advanced 27,000 square kilometers in the disputed territorial area of ​​North Vietnam, possessing the territorial rights of the entire Lang Son City, and taking the Jinpu County of Vietnam as the dividing line, it will

The territory line was drawn to Goushu Island, occupying the entire Zilong Bay, and occupying almost all strategic advantageous areas over Vietnam.

By manipulating the demarcation negotiations between Laos and Vietnam, the empire continued to transfer the entire Shisong Dynasty to Laos in the mountains and the Central Lao Plateau, and used Laos to further gain the geographical advantage of the war against Vietnam.

After the Treaty of Washington, even if the Empire recognizes the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands to Japan, the actual territory of the Empire should be between 190,019.05 million square kilometers, during this period, the Empire had no intention of formally declaring this fact.

The empire's ambitions are endless, and not publishing data in the absolute sense will also help the empire's further expansion. Continuously control and encroach on the surrounding strategic areas, strengthen national defense protection capabilities on the basis of maintaining overall territory stability, and deterring small neighboring countries.

ability.

On March 3, 1922, Britain, the United States, China, Japan, France and Italy officially concluded the Treaty of Washington.

A month before that, Song Biao and Queen Shu Xuan had already left the United States for state visits to Mexico and Central and South America. After visiting New Zealand and Australia, they finally ended their visits through Brunei and returned on March 27, 1922.

domestic.

How to evaluate the Treaty of Washington is a very difficult thing. Although China, Japan, Britain and the United States have made a lot of mutual concessions, one thing is a very important result. That is, Britain, France and Italy must unconditionally repay the domestic contract.

The insurance debt, calculated in gold, is enough to show that China and the United States are the winners of the Washington Conference.

After the meetings between Washington and Macau, Song Biao has been thinking about China's new future. How can China in the future develop to continue to move forward, be able to cope with the harshest external environment, and limit Japan's naval expansionism,

These are all questions he is eager to answer.

After returning to Beijing after finishing his visit, Song Biao rested in the Central Palace of the Imperial Court for about a month, and had been silently thinking about the new situation and new environment of the world and the future path of the Chinese Empire.

At the end of April 1922, Song Biao decided to continue to hold a national seminar in Lushan in the summer, with the themes of China's scientific and technological research, university education and the 201 engineering plan.

After a long month of thinking, Song Biao became more and more aware that the Chinese Empire had developed to a high point at this stage. If you want to further develop, the only way out is to strengthen the investment in education and scientific and technological research.

, turn China from a world's technology introduction power to a R&D power.

Just as the General Administration of the Inner Court actively planned and prepared for the Lushan Conference this summer, Japan's newly appointed Deputy Navy Minister Lieutenant General Akiyama Makoto came to represent the Japanese Navy Department to apologize to the emperor for Kato Tomosaburo's "Chinese Mispronunciation Incident".

This is how Japan describes the Kato Tomosaburo incident. They have no intention of reflecting at all. They even express the happiness of Kato Tomosaburo in front of him and the Emperor of China. The Japanese nationals and military and political circles are full of inexplicable naval minister Tomosaburo Kato

I have no concern for the feelings of Chinese people at all.

Song Biao did not ask about this matter for a long time, but kept handing it over to the Imperial Cabinet for handling. He heard that Akiyama Masao was coming, so he asked Jiang Zuobin to communicate with the Secretary-General that morning, and the Japanese media and

All kinds of political information about this matter were summarized and submitted to him.

At this time, Chen Qimei had gone to Shanxi Province to serve as the director of the Department of Agriculture, and Yuan Jinkai was also transferred to the chief of the Imperial Police Agency. Zhang Binglin was temporarily appointed as the acting chief of the inner court, and Wang Zhaoming was responsible for the work of the secretariat.

Zhang Binglin was obviously not very adapted to the work of the head of the inner court. Song Biao had been asking Wang Zhaoming to handle all matters during this trip. After a close inspection by the United States, he had decided to transfer Gu Weijun, who had just become the ambassador to the United States last year.

Return to China to take over Chen Qimei's job.

Considering that Gu Weijun is Tang Shaoyi's son-in-law, Song Biao also hopes that this is an arrangement to ease his relationship with Tang Shaoyi in the end, so as to show that he still trusts Tang Shaoyi and officials of the Tang clan.

After Song Biao arrived at his office in the morning, he just sat down to have tea. Wang Zhaoming couldn't wait to submit a thick stack of editing and summary reports of about dozens of pages.

Speaking of which, Wang Zhaoming's career was not as smooth as Chen Qimei, which shows that Wang Zhaoming was still not smart enough. Although he was the most powerful writer of the imperial party, he had never grasped his future.

Fortunately, he has long been a vice chairman and propaganda minister in the Restoration Party, and has a very beautiful resume. In addition, as an important confidant of the emperor, he easily defeated many other candidates to replace Yuan Jinkai as the next chief of the inner court.

Song Biao can roughly observe that Wang Zhaoming didn't sleep all night last night and was personally responsible for this urgent summary report. His eyes were so dark that he was not as good as Chen Qimei. If it were Chen Qimei, he would have been very early.

Arrange others to do this work in advance to meet the emperor's possible needs at any time, or take the initiative to submit it to the emperor.

Of course, this is also related to Chen Qimei's mentality of actively striving for a career, as well as his experience of accompanying the emperor for a long time.

Song Biao was not in a hurry to let Wang Zhaoming leave. He asked him to stand by his desk and read the summary report himself. He comprehensively organized various reactions caused in Japan since the "Chinese Diplomacy Incident".

Song Biao did not think this was a very difficult event, so he did not pay too much attention. For him, there would always be opportunities to teach Japan a lesson. As the emperor, he would not have to make a diplomat in person.

The front line repeats the mistakes of German Emperor William II.

But after reading various Japanese materials, he couldn't help but feel uncontrollable anger.

The use of the derogatory term "China" in front of him was originally a mistake by Japanese Navy Minister Tomosaburo Kato. If the Japanese government is rational, it should apologize immediately for this, or even make a comprehensive rectification, at least in government documents, it shall not be stipulated that it shall not be provided by the government.

Use this title.

However, Japan, from the government to the society, refused to admit its mistakes and apologize. Instead, China's request for the Japanese government to apologize for this is disrespect and contempt for the Japanese Empire. According to the logic of the Japanese, what kind of words do they use to claim "china" is them

and they insist that "china" is the transliteration of the Sanskrit word "china", that is, the word "china" is the source and standard translation of "china".

The main reason why Japan refuses to use the word "China" is that, 1. Japan has a Chinese region; 2. The Chinese word "Zhong" means the four barbarians around it. Using China to call "China" is equivalent to admitting that Japan is a barbarian country; 3.

"China" is exactly this intention, trying to make the Japanese recognize themselves as a barbarian country; 4. "China" means wisdom and cleverness in Sanskrit, and there is no contempt, and only the folk word "China Pig" is used.

It is a derogatory title.

As a result, Japan refused to admit that the use of "China" against the Emperor was a scam, nor did it admit that Navy Minister Tomosaburo Kato was wrong in diplomacy, but it was obviously enjoyed in news reports and folk remarks. It was regarded as Tomosaburo Kato

As a national hero, it is said that only the naval minister who has an absolute advantage in "China" can use such a title so formally and publicly.

After reading all the Japanese information compiled by Wang Zhaoming and this related information, Song Biao quickly threw the summary report back to him and asked: "Have you never noticed this matter?"

Wang Zhaoming was very frightened and defended: "My servants have been accompanying the emperor to visit various countries recently. The trip is in a hurry and ignore this matter. I hope the emperor will forgive me."

Song Biao was silent for a moment with a bad look on his face, and then asked Wang Zhaoming: "Then tell me what's going on in Japan now?"

Wang Zhaoming replied: "Not to mention the true reaction of Japan, but only to say that Japan sent Deputy Navy Minister Ma Akiyama to apologize on behalf of the Ministry of Navy. It means that the Japanese government does not recognize this diplomatic fault, which means that Japan is fundamentally

There will be no changes at the government level, and the term "China" will continue to be used in our country."

Wang Zhaoming lived in Japan for seven years. During his time, he studied at the Japanese Law and Political University and had close contacts with Japanese politicians, so he had a very good understanding of Japan.

Song Biao continued to ask him: "Then what do you think is the whole story of this matter?"

Wang Zhaoming thought for a moment and replied: "The root of this incident originated from the awakening and proliferation of Japanese nationalism, and finally forming the stubborn disease today is the need of Japanese politics. According to the research of his subordinates, Japan has always regarded the Qing Dynasty's regime in Chinese historical view.

The kind of colonial rule over the Han Dynasty classified as the Mongol Golden Horde, called the Manchus the Qing people and the Han people the Chinese people. When we were engaged in the revolutionary movement in Japan in the early days, we still actively agreed with this.
To be continued...