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In many cases, international diplomacy will indeed be promoted and developed due to very important personal relations. With the efforts of Lieutenant General Madnidolph, the Secretary of the Army of the Tsarist Russian Empire, China and Russia have participated in Lushun Port, Northeast Railway, Customs Rights, etc.

An agreement was gradually reached on important issues.//Baidu search    View the latest chapters//

On this basis, on September 5, 1911, the Foreign Minister of the Imperial Cabinet Ouyang Geng, French Minister to China Masli, and Russian Special Envoy to China General Sheyenisky held a meeting of the International Public Areas of the Empire of China in Tianjin. According to the proposals of the Three Kingdoms and the United States,

All countries should ban the various privileges in China taken in the Qing government, and return them to most of the concessions free or paid, and establish international public areas on this basis, and implement the special zone system in international public areas in accordance with the new agreement.

The International Public District uses the Board of Directors of the Special Administrative Region as the highest local administrative agency, and sets up seats of five to nine Chinese and foreign directors. All directors are assessed and appointed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Central Cabinet Government. The ambassadors in various countries in China have the right to recommend and shall be approved by the Board of Directors.

A neutral nationality judge was voted to elect a judge to serve as the top official of the SAR court. The sovereignty and taxes of the SAR belong to China. Except for customs duties, the remaining fiscal revenue will be used locally.

Taking this as a concession, China requires Britain and France to abandon the concessions in Tianjin, Shanghai and other places, cancel the Boxer Indemnity, and ban the extra-legal powers of various countries in China, the right to flow in the inland river and the right to tariff supervision. Foreign citizens and enterprises comply with the Special Administrative Region in the Special Administrative Region.

Laws shall abide by Chinese laws in Chinese territory that are not in the SAR.

This is an extremely difficult negotiation.

With the efforts of France, Russia, the United States and other countries, and considering the importance of China to the Russian-French camp, the UK finally agreed to attend the Tianjin meeting and also agreed to ban some privileges and some concessions in China, but refused to cancel the right to pass through the British concession and inland rivers in Shanghai.

, and never negotiate any negotiations on the Hong Kong issue, and the tariff rights are willing to be returned to the Chinese cabinet government.

Although military strength is the basis of diplomatic negotiations, for Britain, giving up the meaning of China is almost an insult. But Britain has never considered it, and even does not believe that these privileges are an insult to China.

Germany, which is more arrogant than the United Kingdom, has no intention of negotiating. Even under the coordination of the United States, Germany sent a minister to participate in the negotiations and did not have any idea of ​​giving up the right to lease in Qingdao. Instead, it demanded special interests in other special zones.

.

Germany did this because Germany firmly believed that in the Sino-Japanese War of 1911, Germany played the most critical role in the various support made by the new empire in the early and late periods. Since the British-Japanese alliance was the loser, Germany had the right to obtain updates.

Multi-yield.

Why during World War I and World War II, all countries prefer to directly solve problems with war? It is precisely because negotiations cannot achieve any results, and all negotiations are futile. Regarding the issue of the English-German naval competition, the English-Germany and Germany

The country conducted four negotiation efforts between 1911 and 1913, and each of them failed.

The situation at the Tianjin meeting was relatively better because Song Biao also realized that negotiations could not solve any substantial problem.

The negotiations were not until November 4, 1911 that an agreement was finally reached that was acceptable to all countries. After the new empire exchanged the SAR policy for customs rights, extra-legal governance rights, consular judgment rights, inland waterway rights and some concessions, Shanghai will be put on.

The issues of the British Concession, Shandong Jiaoao Concession and Hong Kong were put on hold, abolishing most of the privileges obtained by various countries during the Qing government, including the recovery of ownership of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway.

In view of Germany's arrogance and Britain's concessions, Song Biao had basically agreed to sign the "China-France-Russia Mutual Assistance Agreement" drafted by Russia. All that remains is how to maximize national interests and borrow money from France and Russia.

It is used for national construction and minimizes the impact on China-Germany foreign trade relations as much as possible, and continues to maintain China-Germany military cooperation in other ways.

This is what the so-called international politics is. Every country wants to strive for the maximization of its own interests. Equality and respect between countries are bullshit.

...

That morning, Song Biao received a letter from the governor Lu Rongting of Guangxi Province. It was nothing more than how he was willing to be loyal to the emperor, regretted the past, and was very upset, forgetting the emperor to leave him, and solving the emperor's worries and problems, and ensuring peace in Guangxi.

of.

The letter sent back the 600,000 silver cheque that Song Biao sent, and said how Lu Rongting was loyal to the emperor, treating money like dirt, and only having a meager military salary, he was willing to swear allegiance to death, and to serve the work of a dog or a horse, etc.

Neuropathy!!!

This is Song Biao’s only experience after reading the letter.

It’s terrible to be uneducated. Lu Rongting really thought that he was Hong Xiuquan and could he make a great cause in Guangxi?

Long Jiguang was also a psychopath. Neither wanted to give up his military power. Lu Rongting wanted to rely on Guangxi. Long Jiguang, who was born as a chieftain in Yunnan, wrote a letter to the emperor and recommended himself to go to Yunnan to appease local departments.

Two crazy people, do you think it is the Qing Dynasty now?

After reading Lu Rongting's letter, Song Biao found out the letter that Long Jiguang asked someone to send over a few days ago, and called Chen Qimei from the Secretary-General.

From the secretariat to Song Biao's imperial study room, it was only a few dozen meters away. In just a moment, Chen Qimei, wearing a white suit, hurriedly walked into the room, bowed to Song Biao, and said, "Emperor."

Song Biao took out both letters and threw them to Chen Qimei, saying, "Have you read these two letters?"

Chen Qimei replied respectfully: "I have never seen it."

Song Biao ordered, "You can read it first, and then tell me after you finish reading it."

After saying this, Song Biao picked up the teacup and took a sip of tea, and Chen Qimei immediately opened the letter to browse.

After waiting for a while, Chen Qimei quickly read both letters and asked respectfully: "Master, how do you decide to deal with these two people?"

Song Biao asked him instead: "What do you think you should do?"

Chen Qimei thought for a moment and replied: "Ministers think that tolerating for a while may cure the symptoms, but not the root cause. The riots of the previous dynasty were just tolerating evil spirits. It is undeniable that the previous dynasty raised many loyal ministers, but they also left hidden dangers.

From one to ten, from the Green Camp to the Hunan Army, from the Hunan Army to the Huai Army, eventually the troops in various provinces and regions became private troops. My subordinates studied in Japan, and the army they saw only know the country, only the nation, only the Emperor

, but do not know that there are other things, this is the country's death."

Song Biao nodded slightly and agreed: "This is what I appreciate most. You are aware of the overall situation and the general situation. You are also a meticulous person who can handle both big and small things."

Speaking of this, he continued to discuss with Chen Qimei: "Now this matter will be delayed to this point. In fact, it is the inertia of history. If it were put in the Qing Dynasty, this matter would have ended here. The court is unlikely to continue.

I have appointed the Second Infantry Division and three other new military advisors to join forces. They dare to continue to try this way of oath of loyalty. It is not that they feel that they are high and the emperor is far away, and they hold heavy troops in their hands.

Facing various crises outside is not because the main forces of the Central Army are in the Northeast, but because they are already behind this era and are still using their ability to deal with the Qing Dynasty to deal with the new empire. Therefore, it is not to deal with them.

The hard thing is to deal with the old concept that is behind the times. If we cannot fundamentally eliminate this, even if Long Jiguang is eradicated now, there will still be snake Jiguang and tiger Jiguang in the future."

Chen Qimei agreed: "The emperor is wise. The emperor often emphasizes that the country should be governed according to law. The ministers think that the Central Military Department should first order the revocation of the two military posts. However, although they both declared that they recognized the imperial central cabinet government, they now wrote a letter to swear allegiance to the emperor.

, but did not formally accept the jurisdiction and reorganization of the Central Military Department. From the perspective of the Central Military Law, they do not belong to the Central Defense Forces and the military armed forces of the states under their jurisdiction. Therefore, they should be investigated in accordance with Article 102 of the newly introduced Imperial Criminal Law

The treason of Long and Lu. During the national war, they acquainted with foreign enemies, accepted bribes and support from foreign enemies, and planned to split the country and rebel against the central government. In this regard, the information we have is enough to punish the crime, but the provincial government of Guangdong and Guangxi has always been subject to them.

The secret obstruction of the two provinces was not fully implemented, and the courts and procuratorates of the two provinces were not officially established, so the Central Military Department could only issue an announcement to formally announce that the two national defense soldiers and national military armed personnel were not recognized by the central government.

The Central Procuratorate General Administration accused them of treason, illegal armed crimes, and endangering administrative crimes in the Central Supreme Court. The Central Supreme Court directly issued a subpoena. If the two do not respond, compulsory enforcement will be adopted. Guangxi and Guangdong lack the ability of bailiffs to execute.

The police departments of the two provinces shall perform official duties, and as long as they take resistance measures, the army will send troops to suppress them. In news reports, we must also firmly grasp the theme. On the one hand, we must make domestic public opinion beneficial to the central government, after all, the domestic market is still not

I hope there will be a civil war; on the other hand, I will popularize judicial education across the country through formal judicial actions.”

Song Biao nodded with satisfaction and said, "This should be done in this way. Let the Central Daily News publish a new editorial in the past few days, the title is "Modern State and Modern National Defense". Our liberation revolution is to establish a

Modern New China, and modern China must first have modern national defense and military support. A true modern national defense must not only have modern weapons and equipment, but also modern national and national defense ideas. The military armed forces of the whole country must be affiliated.

The central and state armed forces are not allowed to have private armed or illegal armed forces. All private and illegal armed forces are obstacles to the establishment of a modern state. After the Central Procuratorate formally prosecuted Long Lu and the two, the Central Daily News Agency will continue to publish new ones.

Editorial, to provide a detailed explanation of treason, we should use this opportunity to warn those who collude with foreign forces for their own selfishness and personal thoughts when the country is in crisis, and to warn those who would rather let the country be enslaved by foreign countries than to control themselves.

Military armed and dominating the side warned these ambitious and warlords.”

Chen Qimei paused and said, "Yes, my subordinates will step up their supervision of this matter and convey the emperor's intentions to the cabinet."

During this period, Song Biao had a deep understanding of Chen Qimei's abilities. He could be said to be very satisfied. He nodded slightly and signaled that Chen Qimei could go down to do business.

Chen Qimei bowed and left the imperial study room.

After he left, Song Biao opened the military map of the whole country and carefully pondered the military armed forces in Guangdong and Guangxi. The new troops controlled by Long Jiguang and Lu Rongting were all private soldiers brought out by their previous dynasties, and then they gradually adapted into new ones.

The army is basically loyal to them.

These two new towns and two mixed associations are based on Guangxi and have since become the predecessor of the Guangxi clan.

Although other new troops have similar situations, it is not difficult to deal with them. Within three years, Song Biao will gradually eliminate unqualified officers and retire them, and the lieutenant will replenish them in large quantities. The "Military Service Law"

After the implementation began, three years were enough for him to replace most of the army.

If it weren't for the tight military expenditure, he would have hoped to complete the reorganization of the entire CSKA and the Patrol Army within three years.

According to the initial plan, Song Biao planned to establish 15 reorganized divisions, 35 ordinary divisions, 43 brigades in ten years, with a total of 1.35 million personnel, a total of 650,000 national patrol troops, and finally a total of 200 actual army chiefs in the country.

Ten thousand people, 700,000 national defense officers and soldiers, and 1.3 million service soldiers.

The military expenditure required by this plan is too large. With China's finances, it is possible to do so without building a navy. After the navy divides 50% of its military expenditure, it will be a bit too difficult to form an army of two million.

At present, all Song Biao can do is to ensure the construction of front-line troops as much as possible, and at least ensure that the Central Defense Forces have more than 600,000 elite troops available for mobilization.

In the early stage of the First World War, Song Biao estimated that he was unlikely to have the strength to fight for more national interests. He could only wait until the later stage before he could do something to mobilize elite troops of 300,000 to 400,000 to fight for national interests.

maximize.

As the emperor, Song Biao was ambitious, but the fact was cruel. He did not have enough financial resources to support the development of both the navy and the army.

Especially the Navy's problems are too complicated.

navy.

navy.

Song Biao felt infinite embarrassment and entanglement in his heart.

Navy, he has indeed squeezed out six million pounds of naval military expenditure every year, but one-third of it depends on borrowing. Considering that the entire navy starts almost from scratch and starts from the foundation, even the cost of military academy construction is required.

Let’s calculate together here that it is really unknown what size and strength a navy can be built in ten years.

Reflect on where Germany lost in World War I?

The reason is actually very simple. Germany not only wants to maintain the world's number one navy in terms of army expenditures, but also wants to establish a world's number one navy, while Britain only needs to establish a navy far better than the German navy.

In 1914, Germany's total military expenditure was US$554 million and Britain's US$384 million, but the German army's military expenditure was as high as US$442 million, while Britain only had US$147 million. In terms of naval military expenditure, Britain was twice that of Germany.

This year, France's army expenditure was US$197 million, while Russia's army expenditure was US$324 million.
To be continued...