, the first battle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea also has great similarities.

A brigade of the Japanese army is usually responsible for a defense line of about three kilometers. According to the experience during the Russo-Japanese War, especially the experience of the Liaoyang Battle, such a defensive posture can hold the position for three to three times even when facing four or five times the enemy force.

Five days is enough time for the headquarters to send troops for reinforcements, but in reality

In a battle, it usually only takes two hours for the entire defense line to be continuously broken through, penetrated, and finally divided and cut. The entire defense line troops are surrounded and besieged, reinforcements are intercepted, and they have to hold up hundreds of doors, or even high-rise buildings.

The pressure of thousands of artillery pieces faced the siege of two or three divisions of the Northeast Army.

Faced with a special offensive like the Northeastern Army, the Japanese army lacked sufficient understanding and corresponding experience from top to bottom. It originally thought it could withstand the offensive for three days, but was annihilated in one day. It originally thought it could hold on, but in the end it took just a few hours.

He was beaten to the headquarters within a short time. He originally thought that reinforcements would arrive soon, but as a result, he was not wiped out yet, and the reinforcements were defeated halfway.

Under such a complicated situation, all the Japanese generals and colonels did not know how to command and dispatch the troops, how to predict and evaluate the opponent's attack, and the middle and lower-level non-commissioned officers and soldiers did not know what was going on with their troops. They thought it was

The extremely brave and elite steel troops were beaten into mud as soon as they went into battle and were slaughtered by others. There were ambushes everywhere. This feeling was really terrible. The troops had been defeated and the officers still didn't understand what was wrong.

The Northeastern Army took the initiative to launch an attack on April 5, 1911. In just three days, the Northeastern Army defeated the Japanese Fifth Division in Shuozhou and the Third Division of Yizhou, as well as the Sixth Division that came for reinforcements.

The regiment was defeated. The Fifth Division, the Third Division and the First Artillery Brigade were directly surrounded and annihilated by multiple troops. More than 4,000 Japanese and Korean soldiers surrendered and became prisoners. Only one brigade of the Sixth Division was in distress.

Withdraw to Bochuan County.

This unreasonable large-scale and bold rapid penetration of the Northeastern Army made the Japanese army embarrassed. Oshima Yoshimasa and the Japanese Army Headquarters were also incredulous. The Japanese Manchurian Army's Third Army stationed in Pyongyang, Anju, and Jiechuan had no time to do anything.

Without any adjustments, the 3rd Infantry Division quickly advanced to Yongbyon, and the 4th Infantry Division advanced to Dingzhou, forming a two-line pincer attack.

Oshima Yimasa's military deployment once again put the Japanese army into an extremely embarrassing situation. Neither the Korean rebels stationed in Jiechuan nor the Japanese fifth reserve brigade stationed in Anju could retreat. The main Japanese second division stationed in Pyongyang

We can't move forward easily. The situation is as awkward as the previous arrangement on the Yalu River line.

The Northeastern Army's offensive was so fast, and the defeat of the Japanese Army exceeded all previous expectations, so that the Japanese Navy was completely unprepared. At this time, it belatedly rushed to Dingzhou from Lushun Port and Nanpu Port with the intention of

Use warships' artillery to assist the remnants of the Japanese army in Dingzhou to defend it.

The Japanese army was defeated all the way on the western front, and it also suffered many rapid sieges on the eastern front, causing heavy damage. The speed of the defeat completely exceeded everyone's expectations. Even Song Biao did not predict the defeat of the Japanese army.

So fast.

…

Tumenjiang battlefield on the Eastern Front.

At 9 o'clock in the evening on April 4, 1911, the 5th, 6th and 27th Divisions of the Eastern Front Army, the 3rd Artillery Brigade and 12 new regiments of the Yanji and Jilin Patrol Forces, with a total of 37 regiment commanders and

Regiment instructors collectively arrived at the frontline headquarters of the Eastern Front Theater.

As the deputy commander-in-chief of the Central Army's Northeast Defense Revolutionary Army, Jiang Yanxing concurrently serves as the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front and the commander of the Eastern Front Group Army. He is also the highest local military commander. For him, this is obviously a heavy test.

Commander Wu Yuanze of the 6th Division, Brigadier Shan Qipeng of the 3rd Artillery Brigade, and Jiang Yanxing all graduated from the first batch of Japanese Army Corps students. They were classmates. At this time, they also served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front and served as the 5th Infantry Division.

General von Eske, a major general of the Tsarist Russian Army who had served as an instructor for many years, served as the top military adviser on the Eastern Front.

General von Eske did not attend the meeting. First-class chamberlain Jiang Zuobin secretly arrived in Yanji with His Majesty the Emperor's handwritten handwriting to convene the secret pre-war mobilization meeting on behalf of the Emperor.

In the Western Front Theater, such a meeting was presided over by the emperor himself two days ago.

Commanders and staff officers from the Eastern Front Theater also gathered here, which can be said to be the best of the Northeast Army. Jiang Yanxing, Wu Youzhen, Chang Wanchun, Wu Yuanze, Shan Qipeng, Zhang Liangyuan and Wan Tingxian ranked first.

One row represents the war zone

The commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief and the chief-deputy chief of staff were at the first level, while 74 regimental commanders, including Li Fugui, Li Zhaoyun, Zhu Zhaoxiong, Zhang Ceping, Liu Li'ao, Liu Tingwu, Huang Benpu, Xia Zhankui, Yuan Zonghan, Gao Kuien, and the instructor stood in the back rows.

The atmosphere in the war room was solemn.

Jiang Zuobin was wearing the black military uniform of a first-class chamberlain, and with a solemn expression he walked into the hall holding a gilt-yellow envelope with a pattern of red and red dragons seizing pearls. He turned around and faced the generals.

He opened the envelope and took out the letter from the inside to remind everyone: "Generals of the army, this is the handwriting of the Holy One, and I will read it here on behalf of the Holy One."

After hearing these words, all the generals, led by Commander-in-Chief Jiang Yanxing and Chief of Staff Wu Youzhen, collectively bowed to Jiang Zuobin with the etiquette of a saint.

Jiang Zuobin then began to read the emperor's handwritten letter aloud, saying: "The soldiers of the army are working hard in Yanji to serve the country. I deeply feel that it is a blessing for the country. Because I am commanding the three armies on the western front and cannot go to the eastern front in person, I can only write this handwritten note as a promulgation. I hope that

various

You are trustworthy and considerate of you, and you are fully aware of the thoughts of me and the people. The current trend is that Britain and Japan colluded to humiliate our country, in an attempt to prevent our country from being unified, to divide the nation, and to weaken it for a long time.

non-soldier

The war cannot be resolved. Only by proving the prestige of our people can Britain and Japan recognize the dignity of our nation. Only by sacrificing our lives can we defend the dignity of the Chinese nation. The three armies can seize the commander.

An ordinary man cannot seize his ambition, and a nation cannot seize its dignity. Five thousand years ago, the Yan-Huang alliance was formed. Since then, our Chinese nation has flourished, repeatedly created brilliance, and has great ambitions. It has written history since the Xia and Zhou Dynasties, and has existed since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Roots of Chinese Civilization

Foundation, five thousand years of history, three thousand years of glory, endless inheritance. As a nation, our Chinese nation should be the best in the world, but now we are bullied and oppressed by foreign thieves. It is really a humiliation for us men. Life is precious, and family

Although it is important, parents should be supported and children should be nurtured, but if we endure humiliation and live in an ignoble existence for this reason, let the country be divided, let the nation be bullied, let foreign countries trample on my compatriots, massacre my compatriots, and wait for my husband.

Why should we be worthy of being human beings when we were born in this world? Let alone us soldiers? The history of our nation has been ten thousand years in the past and will be ten thousand years in the future. How can it be destroyed by the hands of our generation? Because our generation

People are selfish and timid, which leads to the death of the nation

This small country is at the hands of the Japanese. If this is true, why should we be human? Twenty million Chinese men should commit suicide to thank their ancestors and descendants. Starting from me, everyone should commit suicide. Why bother living in the world to waste rice and grain?

That’s all.”

Until he read this, Jiang Zuobin paused and glanced at everyone, and waited for a moment before continuing to read: "Therefore, I hope that you will fight with me on the battlefield and fight Japan to the death, at all costs, even if the entire army is defeated.

Corpses litter the fields, and all the soldiers and soldiers in the army have killed their brothers and uncles. We should also annihilate the Japanese army."

After hearing these words, the generals in various departments were filled with anger. They were extremely excited, and finally knew that the news of the emperor's personal expedition was indeed true, and he really wanted to have a showdown with the Japanese army.

Jiang Yanxing didn't know how long the letter was. But seeing that Jiang Zuobin had not officially handed over the emperor's edict to him, and that there was probably more to come, he felt uneasy.

He has been following the emperor for six years. He has always been deeply cultivated and taught by the emperor. He has repeatedly had the opportunity to lead various regiments to participate in the battles to encircle and suppress bandits. In the Northeast Army, his talents have never been conspicuous and outstanding. He can only be steady and steady.

He was just famous, but he always got the most and best opportunities and cultivation, which made him extremely grateful, and he was always determined to swear allegiance to the emperor.

But at this moment, he didn't know whether he could shoulder the important task entrusted to him by the emperor.

He was really worried that if he lost the war, it would really harm not only the country, but also the nation and the emperor. At that time, he would not be able to forgive himself even if he committed suicide a thousand times, let alone undo the losses he had caused to the country and the emperor.

Listening to this handwriting, Jiang Yanxing felt even more uneasy.

While the generals were waiting for the emperor to give the final general instructions on the Eastern Front battlefield, Jiang Zuobin put away the manuscript and continued to fold it back into the envelope, saying: "For the sake of confidentiality, His Majesty's final instructions on the Eastern Front battlefield were not written in

In the handwritten letter, I will dictate it on my behalf, so all colleagues should keep it in mind."

Jiang Yanxing and others bowed again and said: "Thank you, Your Excellency, Chamberlain Jiang!"

Jiang Zuobin said: "Your Majesty said that from the Anti-French War to the Russo-Japanese War, there has been no major breakthrough in the army's military combat theory in the past hundred years, especially taking the Russo-Japanese War as an example. Although a large number of new operations appeared during the war,

methods, such as trench warfare and machine gun blockade and suppression, etc., but in terms of combat theory, they are still the same.

In the past, line-type passive defense was the mainstay. Both warring parties imitated the combat thinking of the Napoleonic era, deploying defense lines on the front line and shrinking some of the main forces at the rear as total mobile forces. Whether it was a two-line operation or a three-line operation, all

Focusing on the principle of frontal advancement and duel between the main forces, military thought emphasizes modern military

The advancement of events and the cooperation of multiple arms, as well as the suppression and counter-suppression strikes of artillery superiority. The Japanese army is still implementing this thinking. Whether it is on the western front or in the eastern front defense posture, it has completely retained this classic

The basic principles of military combat theory, and our army’s offensive in the Eastern and Western Front wars broke through the traditional combat theory

The constraints of theory. Taking the Eastern Front battlefield as an example, the general guiding ideology of this war is 'attack at multiple points and advance with key points'. These eight words are the most emphasized by His Majesty, and they are also what all colleagues must keep in mind.

We must adhere to the overall policy and have absolute confidence in the new combat thinking, and never lose confidence midway due to heavy casualties."

After a pause, Jiang Zuobin continued to add: "In addition, His Majesty dictated that the Eastern Front battlefield is related to Yanji and the so-called Jiandao dispute. It is a matter of great importance and cannot be lost. However, the divisions on the Eastern Front are temporary organizations, and each department is in order to

To adapt to this operation, there have been large-scale adjustments in equipment and large-scale training of new tactics. Because of the time

In such a hurry, I am afraid that all the ministries may not be able to adapt effectively. However, under the general policy of "attack at multiple points and advance with key points", all ministries forcefully advance and attack the high ground and key points of the Japanese army. Sacrifice is inevitable. Therefore, all generals must have

Be prepared to make heavy sacrifices, and at the same time strictly abide by the Western Front Theater Group Army Staff

There must be no selfish motives in all orders given by the Supreme Commander. We must have absolute trust in each other and be worthy of the trust of other ministries. At the same time, His Majesty has decreed that after the victory of this war, all ministries that perform qualified, even the patrol corps,

Each new regiment will also be officially converted into the official establishment of the Central Army. I hope you will tell me.

Subordinates, you must have the courage to dare to compete with the Japanese army. Finally, Your Majesty asked me to convey that I wish you all, under the leadership of the Western Front Theater Group Army Headquarters, to win bravely and annihilate the two Japanese divisions in one fell swoop. Our final victory

The goal is to prevent a single Japanese soldier from leaving Chinese territory alive, and this is also His Majesty’s determination.”

"Follow the Holy Order!"

When all the generals and officers present heard these last words, their willpower became even more determined.

As the supreme decision-maker of the Northeast Army's military ideology and theory, Song Biao's operational plans for the eastern and western fronts in this war were completely different. If the eastern front was a replica of the Huaihai Campaign, then the western front was a replica of the Chinese and Russian forces in World War I. A replica of the Brusilov Offensive on the German-Russian battlefield. The guidelines behind both tactical plans are completely different.

In the Western Front Theater, in the mountainous area from Maoshan to Hunchun, the Japanese Army, the Korean Army and the Northeastern Army each controlled dozens of important highlands and faced each other. Their military deployments were intertwined, making it difficult to carry out large-scale and wide-scale military mobilization.

Therefore, Song Biao has been considering launching a Brusilov Offensive in this area since September last year with "multiple points of attack and focused advance". From March last year to March this year, the total production of Shenyang Arsenal and Benxi Arsenal 140 million Popnin submachine guns were purchased, half of which were installed in the Western Front Theater. The purpose was to make the Western Front Theater more reliable in fighting the Brusilov Offensive.

Considering that the Northeastern Army's general-level qualities, qualifications, prestige, experience and abilities were lower than those of the Japanese Army, and Jiang Yanxing also lacked the prestige to coordinate divisions, Song Biao could actually only adopt this tactical plan. The unit is reduced to the regiment level, and fourteen elite infantry regiments are organized to serve as the main force. Each regiment is matched with a second-level regiment and a new regiment, as well as an artillery battalion and militia team, and multi-point attacks are organized at fourteen points. , launched two key breakthroughs at Hedongling and Liudonggou on the north side of Tianfozhi Mountain, and divided the troops into two groups to pin down the Japanese troops in Maoshan and Huining.

From the Anti-French War to the Russo-Japanese War, modern military has increasingly developed in a more scientific direction. Especially in the Franco-Prussian War, the layer-by-layer combat system implemented by the German army has long become the mainstream of the world's military, just like the pawns in chess. In the front, the horse runs in the center, and the military minister follows behind. Everything should be systematic and step-by-step.

In this war, both the Eastern and Western Fronts used combat ideas that were completely beyond conventional theories and got rid of the shackles of "On War". Based on the basic principles of rapid and fierce attack that the Northeast Army traditionally adhered to, the Western Front campaign Adopting General Su's mobile encirclement and annihilation theory, the Eastern Front campaign adopted General Brusilov's all-out offensive theory from the German and Russian battlefields of World War I.

The Brusilov Offensive was Russia's most successful tactical innovation in World War I. It was also the most creative and determined large-scale battle in which the Russian army fought in World War I. If it had not been for the insertion of the main force of the German army, the Austrian army would have been destroyed. The 450-kilometer defense line built by the Hungarian Empire will be quickly torn into pieces by the Russian army. This theory first grasps the shortcomings of the late-mover advantage theory in the traditional "On War" military thinking that emphasizes retaining the main mobile force. Through large-scale military A forceful attack prevents the enemy from identifying the specific direction of the main attack, and is unable to mobilize reserve forces to support the front line in a targeted manner. It then achieves breakthroughs in key areas, defeats multiple enemy defense openings, tears open the defense line, and inserts key points such as command and material transfer behind enemy lines. area, forcing the enemy to completely rout.

In this offensive, the artillery troops no longer require centralized large-scale attacks and deep attacks. Instead, the artillery troops are dispersed to various infantry regiments. Each regiment controls a small number of artillery and uses more flexible, precise and short artillery strikes. It is different from traditional large-scale persistent bombardment, because long-term large-scale bombardment can always be easily detected, giving the enemy ample time to implement targeted fortification construction, as well as disrupt transportation, battlefields, etc., while being short and flexible The artillery bombardment is difficult to defend, and the infantry unit is required to organize a large number of more elite small commandos, with the company as the basic unit, to concentrate firepower and machine guns to find the opponent's weak areas on the battlefield.

This tactic is actually the predecessor of the German penetration tactics (Hutil tactics). After the Brusilov offensive, the German army absorbed many advantages of this offensive and put forward the theory of penetration tactics, which changed the subsequent infantry combat.
To be continued...