The first article of Song Biao's implementation of the new policy in the Northeast was to respect Xunzi's thoughts, "respecting wise and respecting the wise, and loving the people." His understanding of "respecting the law and loving the people" was very simple. First of all, at least there is a law to follow, if it is related

There is no law. No matter how the so-called new policy emphasizes reform, self-improvement and love for the people as a child, it will eventually become another means of exploiting the people.

Inviting Wang Chonghui and Zhang Kangren, two Chinese, who are most proficient in the modern Western legal system, Song Biao has been secretly preparing for the launch of the new law, and has been discussing and discussing it among his staff and subordinates such as the Secretariat and the New Political Bureau.

Time is tight, and Song Biao cannot wait a year or two to launch a new law that can be accepted by all parties. He can only try his best to refer to the legal translations of Japan, the United States, Britain, France and other countries, and launch them first in the shortest time.

Several urgent and urgent provisional statutes of the new laws were first used to implement the new policies.

On March 20, 1906, this day was a new day for the New Deal in the Northeast and the entire three eastern provinces. On this day, the first issue of the Northeast Daily was published, publishing China's first real editorial - "On the

The New Policy of the Three East Provinces" is written by the commentator's pen name Song Zhizhong, and uses more than 7,000 words to clarify the program of "respecting rituals and respecting wise men, and loving the people" in the New Policy of the Northeast.

In the sub-page, the Northeast Daily published the "Preferential Law on Industrial Investment Promotion in the Three East Provinces" and the "New Policies and Taxation Law of the Three East Provinces". The former officially determined that all new-style factories in China and foreign countries in the three East Provinces can enjoy a three-year discount and are exempt from business tax in the first year.

And income tax, the income tax in the second and third years is halved, but the land value-added tax will not be reduced during this process.

The "New Taxation Law of the Three East Provinces" has established a modern Western-style tax system for the three east provinces, adding five new taxes: land transaction tax, land value-added tax, real estate tax, income tax, and stamp tax. At the same time, the population tax is abolished and personal income theory is abolished.

According to a simple unified formula, 15% of personal income tax will be levied for any annual income of more than 200 taels of silver, and all other taxes and taxes under non-tax laws will be exempted.

According to the new tax system of the three eastern provinces designed by Zhang Kangren, in addition to the real estate industry, the overall tax quota of the three eastern provinces is much lower than that of Japan and Russia and other countries. The abandonment of the population tax will also open up the comprehensive reclaim of the three eastern provinces and the flow of industrial and agricultural populations.

The floodgate was closed.

While the "New Policies and Tax Law of the Three East Provinces" was launched, Song Biao asked Li Enfu to buy advertisements in mainstream European and American newspapers such as the New York Times, explaining in detail the new policies and various preferential policies of the three East Provinces, and inviting enterprises and individuals from Britain, the United States, Germany and Russia to invest in the three East Provinces.

,Work.

While inviting foreign capital to influx on a large scale, Song Biao also stepped up the layout of national enterprises and sent special personnel to Ningbo, Shanxi, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hong Kong, Hangzhou and other ethnic capital-intensive areas, and invited various merchants to invest in industries in the three northeastern provinces.

Even wrote letters to more than 40 famous Chinese businessmen at home and abroad, including Zhang Bishi, Qiao Zhiyong, Yu Qieqing, Qu Benqiao, Zhu Baosan, Sun Meitang, etc., inviting them to invest and establish enterprises in the three eastern provinces, and to write to educators such as Ma Xiangbo, Zhang Binglin, Tao Fusheng, and Zhang Jue.

Letter, inviting them to start a new school in the three northeastern provinces.

Although each letter was handled by the Secretariat, Song Biao still showed his sincerity as the governor of the three northeastern provinces, portrayed the development space of the three northeastern provinces in the next ten years, and promised to help them personally solve some factory and operation.

Difficulties in school.

In the economic development of the three northeastern provinces, Song Biao was very determined. He would rather hand over all the industries in the three northeastern provinces to foreign capital than reduce imports. Increase exports. Even if there are no national capitalists, they must increase enough industrial and commercial employment. Rates and taxes allow silver and gold to flow in, not out. We must let the three northeastern provinces and the people become rich first, so that new education can be promoted, and new education can be cultivated in modern talents. At the same time, the Chinese people’s own financial power and government, Then sooner or later, national enterprises can develop.

Of course, Song Biao's confidence in introducing foreign capital on such a large scale is that he owns a Far East Commercial Bank. Through the Far East Bank, Far East Coal and Iron Company, Far East Railway Company, Far East Real Estate Company, Far East Textile Factory, Far East Book Printing Bureau, and Far East Book Printing Bureau , Far East Pharmaceutical Company, Far East Machinery Company, Far East Shipping Company, Far East Telephone Company, and Song Biao also took the opportunity to invest in the industry on a large scale.

Zhang Kangren serves as the general director of Northeast Bank, and Rong Xingqiao serves as the general director of Far East Bank. The two banks were founded at the same time. At the beginning, they were almost two brands of one bank. They only worked separately after March. The one is headquartered in Chenyang. A company headquartered in Dalian, Fengtian Far East Stock Exchange also started to run at this time.

The three northeastern provinces have opened up new policies in this wave and moved to a new direction.

In April, Song Biao successively reached financial management agreements with Russia, France, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom, officially adopted a new financial management system, and issued Kanto silver and Kanto copper circles based on the silver standard, Northeast Bank, China-Russia Road Sheng Bank, Far East Bank first obtained the approval of the Governor's Office of the Three East Provinces, and issued silver coupons and copper coupons based on the Kanto silver coupons. In addition, the three East Provinces no longer use any silver coupons and other currencies. The only exception is the Qing Dynasty households. The Qing Dynasty silver dollars issued by the bank.

As a concession, Song Biao agreed to add two more banknotes on the basis of the original three banknote issuing banks, and ensure that at least one is a foreign-funded bank, but all banknotes must comply with a 35% margin, and four commercial banks must No copper coupons are allowed to be issued, or Northeast Bank will monopolize copper coupons.

At this point, Song Biao used the railway plan of the three eastern provinces as bait and concessions to complete the financial management rights he wanted most and unify the currency of the three eastern provinces.

In the following months, Song Biao continued to sign secret agreements with various countries in the name of the governments of the three eastern provinces, friendly trade agreements, consolidate the cornerstone of the new policies of the three eastern provinces, protect the interests of foreign investment, and the reciprocal legitimate rights and interests of capital in foreign investment in the three eastern provinces. , especially in the "Agreement of the Three East Provinces of the Qing Dynasty and the Five Russia, France, Britain, Japan and Germany", the basic rights and interests of the five countries and citizens in the three east provinces are agreed, and the highest judicial power of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Three East Provinces and the Fengtian Foreign-related Courts are recognized by all countries. , and at the same time, break the alliance between the great powers in China by secretly making agreements with various countries.

In this way, Song Biao divided the railway plan of the three eastern provinces into three parts, and the Far East Railway Company and Germany, France and Britain established joint ventures respectively to construct and operate three railway sections, and Russia also agreed to use the joint venture method. , the branch line of the Middle East Railway from Harbin to Lushun, "Kanto Railway" will be jointly managed with the Far East Railway Company, and the three eastern provinces will recover 50% of the ownership of the Kanto Railway in the form of installments in the next twenty years.

As part of this huge plan, Deutsche Bank, Oriental Bank and Standard Chartered will lend 14 million pounds from three joint ventures to build railways in the three eastern provinces.

In the field of education, Song Biao moved Zhendan University to Dalian. Leaving the control of the French Catholic Jesuits, he continued to be the president of Ma Xiangbo. He personally invested in supporting the French Catholic Jesuits to establish the Oriental University in Jilin Province. The Russian Orthodox Church is in Fengtian Prefecture.

Founded Northeastern Polytechnical University, the Governor's Office of the Three East Provinces established the official Northeastern University, Liaoning Normal School, Jilin Normal School, Heilongjiang Normal School, Fengtian Industrial School, Fengtian Business School, Liaoning Political and Law School, Women's School in the Three East Provinces, Liaoning Mining School, Fengtian Technician

School, Liaoyang Technical School.

With the graduation of crash courses of tutors in the three provinces of Normal School, public schools in various places also emerged. Song Biao tried his best to adapt to local conditions, spend less money, and make as many people as possible.

When studying at school, start a new life by reading "Xunzi".

In terms of administrative division and adjustment, after submitting the Qing government, Song Biao basically adjusted the administrative plans of the entire three eastern provinces before the Qing government finally made a final decision.

Fengtian Province established three direct prefectures, Fengtian, Liaoyang, Tieling, Fuzhou, Jinzhou, Dandong, Fushun Prefectures, Jinzhou, Ruizhou and Haicheng. Liaoyang was transformed from a county to a prefecture, and Anshan and Benxi areas were included and established separately.

Liaoyang Prefecture, the prefecture is located in the area of ​​Shahe Town. It was founded as a heavy industrial base in the entire three eastern provinces; Jinchuan Road was changed to Jinzhou Prefecture, Ruizhou County (Suizhong County) was changed to Zhili Prefecture; Xinmin Prefecture was abolished and Xinmin County

It was transferred to Fengtian Prefecture, and Fuzhou Prefecture was established based on Fuxin County, which was under the jurisdiction of Kulun Banner and other places. The Qing government ranch was incorporated and changed to Fuzhou Pastoral Area; the lighthouse and Liaozhong area were directly transferred to Fengtian Prefecture, and one government was in charge of these

A new military camp was established in a military camp.

Jinzhou, Ruizhou and Haicheng three Zhili Prefectures, plus Fengtian Prefecture Shenyang New District, Jiangnan New District, and Liaoyang Prefecture are the areas with the most concentrated new policies in Fengtian Province. All regions have unified and concentrated construction areas to attract investment and establish industries, and the general governor

The yamen leased various ports and rented them to Chinese and foreign companies for investment and operation for fifty years.

Jilin Province has set up six prefectures and fourteen counties and Yanji Zhili Prefectures. Heilongjiang Province has changed the original eight prefectures to four prefectures and three Zhili Prefectures, and reduced its staffing to ensure effective management.

In addition to these administrative divisions, Song Biao directly abolished the second remake of the banner people. No Han people in the new provinces were included in the Manchu and Han flags, and were under the control of the three provinces and were not under the control of each flag. The original banners must also abolish the D tax.

Allow Han people to flow out.

The baojia system and the flag-den system that were originally implemented in various places will be abolished. Each banner and each baojia has no right to collect miscellaneous taxes. All the three provinces have adopted a new militia patrol system. Each county has unified the training of the patrol detachments, which are under the jurisdiction of the police bureaus of each government.

The town has a patrol team, and each town has a militia team. Without the approval of the police bureau, all civilians in various places are illegal armed forces, and all patrol detachments and squads are not allowed to reimburse miscellaneous taxes. Each militia team will raise funds and train themselves by the police.

The Bureau of Information and Information Technology dispatches personnel to supervise and train its jurisdiction.

After establishing a militia patrol system, Song Biao directly sent veterans out through the Northeast New Army and went to various places to supervise and train militia teams. The police bureaus of various prefectures in Zhili Prefecture were also controlled by him, and all belonged to the Northeast New Army headquarters.

Indirect jurisdiction of training, including weapons and equipment, are also provided by the New Army of the Northeast.

After returning to Fengtian from the Liaodong Peninsula, Song Biao became particularly busy every day, but in this busy work, after June 1906, he had established a complete set of new governments and new regulations for the three northeastern provinces, and

In the new diplomatic environment, although all new laws and policies were finally approved by the Qing government, it is a recognized fact that the three eastern provinces have essentially entered the stage of regional autonomy.

The new government, new regulations, new systems, new army, and new regional defense systems all took shape before June 1906, or after it was improved, Song Biao had already become independent in the three eastern provinces, but the Qing government had no such thing as this.

Any corresponding method.

Of course, all countries can see that Song Biao has become a magnificent person in the three northeastern provinces. In addition to the United States and Britain, the major powers basically support this. Even Britain and Japan believe that this is one of the three northeastern provinces that avoid being completely occupied by Russia.

Appropriate method.

Therefore, when Song Biao no longer agreed to copy the various unequal clauses signed with the Qing government in the three eastern provinces, he could cleverly use the various agreements and agreements at the cost of part of the concession and widespread opening.

The secret agreement eliminated some clauses that were not conducive to the three northeastern provinces, and in fact it was also a full use of the various countries' support for his position of separatist independence in the three northeastern provinces.

This is most obvious in the diplomatic relations between Britain, France, Russia, Germany and Japan. First of all, countries have set up consulates generals in the East Ta District in the three eastern provinces. The powers of consular officials of each consulate are basically the same as those of the foreign ministers, even if they do not support Song Biao.

The consul general of the United States, which was separatist and independent in the three eastern provinces, also had the right to compare with the ambassador to China.

In terms of foreign trade and tariff agreements, due to the result of the Russo-Japanese War, Britain gave up its original tariff management and control over the three northeastern provinces. The tariffs on customs entering and leaving the three northeastern provinces are already significantly different from those within the customs, including textile, flour, pig iron,

Tariffs for basic industrial products such as paper have been raised, while import taxes for machinery, dyes, oil, rubber and copper have been significantly lowered. Export taxes for soybeans and wood have been cancelled.

In major open areas, such as Shenyang New District, Jinzhou Zhili Prefecture, Haicheng Zhili Prefecture, Liaoyang, Harbin and Hunchun, all have foreign residential areas, commonly known as foreign areas, which resettle foreign immigrant population, especially Russians.

Both the Japanese and French have Russian, French, English, and Japanese-speaking areas in the Western Regions, and German-speaking areas in Shenyang New District and Liaoyang. The first Protestant church school, Liaoyang Institute of Technology, was founded by the German Church.

After June, the railway plan for the three eastern provinces officially began construction. The western section, Shenyang to Dandong, Anshan to Benxi, and Fengtian Circular Railway belongs to the Far East French Railway Company. The French side is responsible for the overall construction, and the main branch railways in Jilin Province and the eastern section are from Germany.

Responsible for the general construction, the branch railways in Heilongjiang Province and the northern section are constructed separately by the British and Russian sides. In order to balance the British and the United States, the Dandong to Jinzhou is also constructed by the British and American sides.

Among all railways, Far East Railway Corporation is a unified general company, and is constructed and operated by Far East Railway Corporation and joint shares of various countries. All equipment and rail procurement rights are unified by Far East Railway Corporation. Among all branches, Chinese employees shall not be low.

At 50%, each has one in the Chinese and foreign universities.

Each railway branch will repay the loan for thirty years. Twenty years after paying off the loan, the ownership and operating rights of each railway will belong to the Far East Railway Corporation, and companies from various countries will still have the dividend rights for a period of ten years thereafter.

Song Biao actually didn't care about nationalization of railways. Only by building the railway quickly can the three northeastern provinces develop faster. As long as countries have no right to station troops and do not hinder sovereignty, he doesn't care who will be responsible for construction.

Who will manage it for?

He only needs to control half of the management rights, and at critical moments he can freely transport troops and transfer weapons and equipment, and replenish food and supplies.

He didn't even care whether he had to control the foundation of heavy industry. In Liaoyang, he not only invested in the Far East Steel Plant himself, but also jointly established the Liaoyang Byrnes Iron and Steel Plant with Elman Byrnes, a German American recommended by Shen Deyao. Others

There are also eleven small steel mills invested and established by merchants, German merchants, French merchants and Russian merchants here, and even one Japanese merchant steel mill, three Far East Coal and Iron Company invested in, and ten loans approved by Far East Bank.

One, support them to grow and grow.

Song Biao also provided a loan to the Liaoyang Xinkangzhou Railway Machinery Company founded by American Fox Romstro to help him produce standard trains and boilers.

In this new policy and opening-up tide of the three northeastern provinces, an industry that did not attract enough attention from all countries is booming. With the unanimous efforts of Song Biao and the entire three northeastern provinces, as of June, the three northeastern provinces surrounded the railway.

The soybean planting area in the surrounding counties suddenly soared to 1.25 million mug in this year. His adjustment method was to reduce the agricultural tax on soybean planting in counties with convenient transportation and provide excellent and cheap bean seeds.

In order to better sell and promote Northeast soybeans, he set up branches of Far East Commercial Banks in San Francisco, New York, London, Paris and Hamburg. He bought newspaper advertisements, made sales plans in advance, bypassed various foreign companies, and directly transported through ocean shipping

Sold to all the most important soybean distribution centers.

The most important sales place is Germany, because Germany imports soybeans every year occupy half of the entire international market. Although the soybean production in the United States is very high, it has no absolute advantage in price, and mainly domestic sales and feed industries.

During this period, international soybean exports were mainly mainly in southern European countries such as Spain and South American countries such as Brazil and Argentina. The export sources were very scattered, which provided a good opportunity for the sudden expansion of soybeans in the international market in the three eastern provinces.

Song Biao does not understand economics. It is precisely because of this that he simplifies many complex problems. In the six months after he has the real power of the governor of the three northeastern provinces, all his efforts in the new policies of the three northeastern provinces were actually

In order to reduce imports as much as possible and increase exports as much as possible, so that silver and gold flow into the northeast and reduce outflow, as long as three silver dollars enter the three eastern provinces, they can become ten silver dollars in fiscal terms, making the finances of the three eastern provinces more relaxed and stimulating the economy further

develop.

He simply believed that this was an era of gold standard and silver standard. The only value that determines wealth is gold and silver. As long as there is enough gold and silver, it can be called wealth.

Rich does not necessarily mean strong, but poor countries are definitely weak.

Of course, everything he does has a bottom line, and this bottom line is his own Far East Trading Company. As long as it is within the reasonable scope of the new law, he will never stingy to give Far East Trading Company all the necessary support and support, and regard this as a nation in the three northeastern provinces.
To be continued...