Chapter 68 The Battle of Paris (2)
British commander Sir John French was not in command, and even his chief of staff was not there. An unusual situation followed. The British staff, anxious and distressed by their defeat this month, recklessly told their uninvited guests that if Britain had known a little about the French's military incompetence, it would have been determined not to enter the war.
The annoyed British people had no mood to make discerning judgments, and Gallieni was not like a military man. He looked at people from a pair of pinch-nose glasses, and his glasses trembled unreliably as he argued to win support from the British. As the staff members watched his untidy uniform, fluffy mustache, black button boots and yellow leggings, the skeptic attitude increased.
Soon, French chief of staff Archibald Murray returned, but said he was "very disgusting" about Gallieni's plan to attack the German right flank, and told him that in the absence of Sir John French, he could not make a decision anyway. Gallieni waited for the British commander to return in vain, wasting a precious three hours. He left without anything but the promise of calling again, and calling later was equivalent to admitting that the British would continue to retreat the next day. This decision was partly due to Xia Fei's telegram to the British commander, who wrote: "In the current situation, my intention was to retreat behind the Seine. If the Germans continued to move southeast and southeast... maybe you would agree that your actions might be most effective in applying to the right bank of the river between the Marne and the Seine."
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Early in the morning of September 4, Galieni's telegram was placed in front of Xiafei. Xiafei waited four hours before approving the deployment of Monuri's Sixth Army to attack the Germans. For some unpredictable reasons, the commander-in-chief insisted on attacking the south of Marne River. On that evening, he learned that General Francis desperate to participate in the offensive and could start active battles on the morning of September 6, but Xiafei made neither decision nor orders except for a long and leisurely dinner.
At noon on September 5, when Cluke's army passed east of Paris and could see the Eiffel Tower, his right rear flank was attacked by the advance troops of the Monuli Army. The British were too far away to immediately pose a threat, so Cluke transferred two armies from this aspect to strengthen the troops struggling to resist the French army. A thin cavalry guard unit was used to guard against the twenty-mile wide gap facing the British army. Monuli asked for reinforcements.
The 7th Division, which was preparing for the battle, had just arrived in Paris, but no railway transportation to the front line was available. It was even too late to get there at a fast marching speed. Gallieni had his own method and issued an order to requisition "all motor vehicles, including taxis." In various areas of Paris, police stopped taxis and ordered passengers to get off; they requisitioned about seven hundred cars. Throughout the night, two cylinder taxis drove to the front line. After walking only two rounds and back, the entire division was transported. The German army immediately felt the pressure on their rear flanks intensified.
Although Cluke was focused on repelling Monuli's forces, the twenty-mile wide gap to the south allowed Francis desperre's soldiers to strike the exposed flank of Bilo, when Cluke learned that the British were approaching the center of the gap between Monuli and Desperre, a signal that his plan to retreat. General France and his troops arrived on September 9.
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Prince Ruprecht, who was commanding the French Sixth Army in the east, was unable to assist the invaders in Marne. The powerful cannons of the French forts of Tur and Erbinar, killed most of the Bavarian ranks with the support of the First and Second Army of August Dibay and General Noel de Castelno, and forced the prince to inform the German Supreme Command on September 8 that his army could no longer advance.
Facing the German Crown Prince of General Salay, northeast of Verdun, his experience was not better. The unstoppable artillery fired from Verdun's fortress forced Prince William's Fifth Army to stop advancing. The other two German armies, the Fourth Army led by Duke Wittenberg and the Third Army led by General Max von Hausen, were hit hard by General Delanger de Cali and General Ferdinand Foch in the Shon swamp.
A series of cruel scattered wars were fought in and out in the small villages, and the frightened residents found that they had been intercepted by crossfire. The Germans could not get the victory they needed very much, and at dawn on September 8, a large-scale hand-to-hand battle against Foch's army, but French artillery fired the tide of every attack with deadly accuracy. In the end, although one of the French troops was forced to retreat, the solid and dense team of French artillery made the German bodies pile up like mountains on the battlefield.
Not long afterwards, the German army began to retreat from the Mar-English region. By the afternoon of September 11, it had become a common and continuous retreat, when the German army arrived at the pre-selected position on the north bank of the Aine River. It consisted of countless fierce, short, chaotic conflicts and battles along the two hundred miles of front line, which caused the German army to lose more than 200,000 people. But during the 55-mile retreat, the German army retreated in an orderly manner and successfully repelled the British and French pursuers.
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The six-week war caused a painful loss to the French army. At the beginning, the army had more than one.25 million. By mid-September, six hundred thousand were killed or injured or captured, which was a paralyzing blow to a country with relatively poor human power. However, the French succeeded, even though their ally Russia did not attack East Prussia, but chose to attack the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On the contrary, the Germans failed, and their morale was still good in the German army, but they were deeply desperate in the Supreme Command.
The German Emperor William's conceit was also bruised. As Moltke assured that Prince Ruprecht's Bavarians would capture Nancy, William took a team of cavalrymen in brilliantly dressed, dressed in gorgeous helmets, and wearing white and golden uniforms with relief breastplates, waiting for his entry ceremony, and now, all this preparation is unnecessary.
This battle shattered the myth of the invincible German army. Russia, Britain, and Serbia sent telegrams to congratulate the French army.
The German General Staff Chief Moltke completely collapsed. When he realized that the defeat was decided, he sat in his seat, staring at the map with a pale face, and had no response to everything, becoming a desperate person. Facing the command staff and generals, he said sadly, "The situation is very bad. The battle in the east of Paris is not good for us... The great hope given to us at the beginning of the war has been shattered... We will eventually run away in the battle between the two lines! This is really a huge difference from the glorious beginning of our battle! Now this is a painful disillusion, and we must pay the price for this catastrophe."
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