The bursting of the Internet bubble poured cold water on the fanatical minds of the European telecommunications industry. At this time, the cost of 3G licenses in Europe was as high as 171.5 billion euros, and the network construction required an additional investment of about 132.1 billion euros! This means that after each operator spent billions of dollars to invest in a country to build a 3G license, it still needed billions of dollars to build a network, and almost every European telecom operator was burdened with heavy debt. Some experts estimated that the European telecommunications industry's debt was as high as 251 billion euros by the end of 2000, and the capital-liability ratio of telecom companies in Germany, Britain, France and the Netherlands increased by 120% and 210%. It can be said that most European telecommunications operators were on the verge of bankruptcy at that time!

Since 2001, the 3g heat began to reverse, and the telecommunications industry began to fall into a serious crisis caused by the bursting of the 3g bubble. Although the business market has been hyped and promoted, there has been no sign of a large-scale launch of the mobile data multimedia business market, which has greatly dampened the confidence of operators, which means that the construction and commercialization of 3g networks cannot be started as scheduled. This not only makes operators have little hope of investment recovery and is on the verge of bankruptcy, but also makes manufacturers' dreams shattered and the crisis is deep.

On the technical level, wcdma productization has also encountered great difficulties. Due to immature technology, frequent updates of standards, many technical problems, such as the mutual switching between wcdma and g**, have not been solved, and the development of mobile phones has not made progress, which has made the productization process of wcdma worse. Nebula Electronics took the opportunity to launch a dual-mode dual-simulator mobile phone that can be compatible with wcdma and g**, which was popular in the European market. It has become the choice of many business people, making the dual-simulator dual-standby mobile phones with Chinese characteristics in their previous lives also very popular abroad, which is ridiculous and hilarious. In turn, it also proves that wcdma technology is immature.

As a result, Europe has announced or planned 3G commercialization plans have been postponed. From 2001, 2002 to 2003 and 2004. There are nearly 150 3G licenses in the world, only 8 are actually commercialized, and only 4 are opened. Japan's largest telecom operator ntt Docomo launched the 3G network in the world in 2001, and now there are only hundreds of thousands of users. Li Ka-shing's Hutchison Group shifted its business focus to 3G. In the UK, Italy and Austria, it was the first to lay 3G, which was only 520,000 users and suffered serious losses and bleak business. Not long ago, I had to sell the promising 2G network as a whole to Xingdong Network, using the money sold to fill the 3G loss.

The ruthless reality proves that the 3G network is still very immature at this stage. Xingdou Research Institute predicts that even by 2006, only about 15% of mobile users in the world will join 3G. For a typical European country, Germany, with a maximum of 3G service, it will take at least 7 years to recover the investment after launching the 3G service. Since Germany issued 6 licenses, this also means that half of 3G operators in Germany will go bankrupt.

As the results are very different from expectations, the industry is very pessimistic about the 3g prospect. The situation of the 3g industry has taken a sharp turn for the worse. Operators are heavily in debt, manufacturers are in trouble, and related industries are also implicated, investors lose confidence, and stocks plummeted. Telecom companies have laid off a large number of employees, and the 3g fanaticism has finally come to an end. The bubble bursts, and the world's communications industry has thus entered the so-called "winter of the telecommunications industry."

However, these 3g network device manufacturers and mobile phone manufacturers did not give up. They placed their hopes in China in the Far East. Because there are over 100 million users here, the first and third places of the world's three major mobile communications providers are here; the increase in mobile phone users every two months is equal to the total number of India in the country; once 3g devices and mobile phones are purchased here, hundreds of billions of yuan will be spent, which is simply the greatest hope to save the world's telecommunications industry from the cold winter.

So since 2000, major multinational companies that have mastered the voice of the global telecommunications industry took turns to persuade the Ministry of Information Industry. At the domestic 3G forum, it was not China Mobile and Unicom that described the bright future of 3G, but a group of mobile phone and mobile communication equipment manufacturers. They said that 3G can watch TV and movies, video calls, and the sooner the 3G license is issued, the better. While they are intensifying lobbying the Chinese government, they guide public opinion, making many Chinese people think that once 3G is opened, they can put aside the wired network that is in the way and move the Internet anytime and anywhere. Fortunately, the leaders of the Ministry of Information Industry and Unicom and the senior management of China Mobile and Unicom are still calm and expressed deep doubts about what they can do on it for hundreds of billions of yuan to build two 3G networks.

At that time, there were voices in the domestic industry. If the Ministry of Information Industry revealed the time and quantity of 3g licenses issued, a number of companies' stock prices would pull out a big positive line. They were Ericsson, Nokia, Siemens, Alcatel, Nortel, Lucent, Motorola and other telecommunications equipment giants. And Ericsson's hometown Sweden, Nokia's hometown Finland, Siemens' hometown Germany, Alcatel's hometown France, Motorola's hometown America, and Nortel's hometown Canada, why did 3g not be commercially used yet, but encourage China to eat this crab?

In my previous life, we did not have the right to speak in the world telecommunications industry, even if we had our own tdscdma3g standard, we still could not compete with the influence of these international giants, which led to constant debate on which 3g standard to adopt. It was 2009 that the 3g license was issued. The problem was that at that time, even 4g licenses began to be issued. The domestic 3g got up early and went to the evening. In this life, the emergence of Nebula Electronics and Star Network made this situation partially change.

At the 3G license meeting held in Shancheng in 2000, Yang Xing supported China Telecom to obtain the tdscdma3g license, while China Unicom and China Unicom divided the remaining two 3G licenses. As a result, China Telecom saw the tragic situation of the European 3G bubble burst and was hesitant. China Telecom had never had a mobile communication license, and it was possible to borrow Yang Xing's Xiaolingtong solution to make a move by making a mobile phone. Now, Xiaolingtong has developed tens of millions of users with low fees, which is a valuable customer resource. If Telecom wants to go further, it has decided to skip 2g and 3g network directly.

As a result, after active lobbying, China Telecom, the son of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, finally obtained the first 3G license in China in 2002 through relationships, and China Unicom was happy to let Telecom take the lead as a test subject. With the help of Nebula Electronics and Stardou Research Institute, although Telecom initially built a tdscdma3g network, there were weak signals, unclear calls, and easy disconnection, and the network speed was very low, and it was ridiculed as having problems such as even the mobile wap speed was not as good as the Internet speed.

However, after unremitting efforts, Telecom 3g has now made great changes. Although the 3g fee is relatively high, the number of users entering the network is only hundreds of thousands, most of them are high-end customers with smartphones. More importantly, due to the mastery of independent technology, Telecom 3g mobile phones are fully compatible with China Unicom's CDMA and mobile G** standard, and there is no problem in using dual-stop, dual-standby, or even three-standby. Moreover, even if 3g is not good, the 2g phone bill of Telecom mobile phones is quite preferential.

As a result, 3G is in sorrow abroad, but it is thriving in China. Mobile and China Unicom, which were inspired by telecom, quickly pulled the Ministry of Information and Industry to lobby. The latest news is that as early as the second half of this year, and as the first half of next year, Mobile and China Unicom will get the other two 3G licenses they want. Now the two companies are actively transforming their respective communication networks and actively preparing for this.

But the 3g cake is still too small in Yang Xing's eyes. His ambition is to control the future standards of the world's telecommunications industry, so ipv6 network and 4g are the deadly weapons he attaches most importance to. In May 2000, the 3g standard formulation organization 3gpp decided to use ipv6, 3g and future 4g mobile phones in the next generation of mobile technology. However, whether it is not IPv6 network construction or 3g network construction, it requires very large-scale optical communication products.

Although European and American operators have asked 3GPP to agree to be compatible with two networks given that the IPV4 network address is in their hands, Yang Xing did not want his country to be controlled by others, so he decided to take the lead in completing the commercial use of IPV6, promote the integration of three networks, and launch 4G technology in advance. During the brief adjustment period when the international telecom industry is in a "cold winter", he will use the huge domestic user market and advanced technology they have mastered to make China's information technology standards a world standard in advance.

Yang Xing understood that although China had always wanted to adhere to its communication standards in his previous life, from the tdscdma in the 3G era to the 4G era, the embarrassing situation of self-playing and singing without anyone to respond. This is inconsistent with our position of having the world's largest mobile phone users and the largest telecommunications network. In fact, whether it is IPv6 or 3G or 4G, industrial deployment needs to involve various industrial chain links such as networks, applications, equipment, terminals, software, chips, etc. The most important three links are network operators, equipment manufacturers and application service providers.

Sometimes the field of communications is not necessarily popular. European G** defeats CDMA, but now it has to completely give up G** based on CDMA to upgrade to WCDMA network. Although Yang Xing's core patent Wimax was recognized as the 3g and 4g standards at the same time, the United States also regarded Wimax as the hope of the next generation of 4g, but it still failed in the face of the FDltde standard finally proposed by the European Telecommunications Union.

So Yang Xing didn't want to repeat the same mistake this time. He wanted to take this opportunity to win back the market, set wmax to the global standard of 4g, and use this to simultaneously promote the integration of the three networks in China with the next generation of Internet, so that the country can occupy the forefront of the world's telecommunications and IT industry as soon as possible, and don't always follow others to chase after them.
Chapter completed!