Chapter IX The Resolution of the Weimar Republic
Germany has been in turmoil almost all the time over the years!
Let’s not talk about anything else, since the Weimar Republic was truly born in 1919, it has also experienced serious tests again and again.
The Republic was born with crises: the left accused the SPD of selling out workers' interests by preventing the communist revolution; the right opposes the democratic system and insists on bringing Germany back to its former imperial system.
In the eyes of the left, the Weimar government suppressed the workers' uprising and killed well-known left-wing leaders such as Karl Liebknesi and Rosa Luxembourg. The Weimar government was a traitor to the revolution.
In the eyes of the rightists, the Weimar government forced the German Emperor to abdicate during the November Revolution and signed a peace treaty with the Allies, which was even more a traitor to the nation!
Subversive activities were ongoing. In 1920, the Free Corps launched a coup in Kapp, occupied Berlin and elected right-wing journalist Wolfgang Kapp as prime minister. The Weimar government retreated to Stuttgart.
In 1921, a communist uprising occurred in Saxony and Hamburg, and was successfully suppressed.
Just at the beginning of this year, because the Republican government could not pay the war reparations stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr area, the richest industrial center in Germany and controlled local mines and manufacturing companies.
Due to a series of needs, Germany conquered and had to print a large amount of money, resulting in domestic hyperinflation.
How serious is inflation? Just in August this year, the Mark fell from 4.2 yuan to one million yuan against the US dollar! And this month, it has fallen to 4.2 trillion yuan!
The economic and political issues in Germany are all tangled and entangled, and the prestige of the Weimar government has long been reduced to a minimum!
Hitler's beer hall coup can never be analyzed separately, but should be placed in the overall national and even international context!
Now, with the leader of the party, government and military who controlled Bavaria, Hitler's beerhouse coup has evolved into a great threat that is enough to destroy the Weimar Republic!
The Munich uprising just hit the weak point of the Weimar government! Now, with the rapid depreciation of the currency, the public anger caused by the French occupying the Ruhr industrial zone in Germany, is about to explode completely!
When the news reached Berlin, Friedrich Albert, the right-wing leader of the German Social Democratic Party and the first president of the Weimar Republic, immediately held an emergency meeting.
Albert is now in his fifties. He has not lived a stable life since he became president. Germany has been in turmoil. Now, the problem of the Ruhr industrial area has not been resolved, and there is another rebellion in Munich!
"We must never let Hitler's conspiracy succeed. The entire Workers' Party is crazy. If they are allowed to take office, it will bring the entire German nation to the cliff!" Albert said worriedly.
"Yes, we must uphold our German democracy and legal system. I suggest sending troops immediately and going to suppress it!"
Gustav Strezerman, the German Chancellor who just took office this year, fully agrees with Albert's judgment at this time.
These rebels were not for the benefit of the Republic at all. They were constantly making promises to their citizens that were impossible to achieve. They were just trying to seize German power!
"We can send troops, but what determination should we make?" Defense Minister Otto Carl Gersler asked the two.
What determination have you made? The news coming now is quite unoptimistic.
This group of rebels introduced Rudendolf to be the spiritual leader, and also controlled the Bavarian garrison commander Losov, as well as the Bavarian chief Karl, while another leader, Sesel, was already dead in the riot!
These Bavarian chiefs were hostages, and a large number of people were bewitched! It is conceivable that when such people flowed towards Berlin, there would be tens of thousands!
If troops are sent to quell the rebellion, they will have to confront these people. If they push out the hostages such as Losov, should they take into account the safety of these hostages?
If a conflict occurs, will the guns of the army be aimed at the bewitched people? Once a serious bloodshed occurs, will the Weimar government lose its prestige across the country?
Gersler could send troops, but he had already foreseeed the possible consequences and he had to make it clear.
"Everyone who comes to Berlin is a rebel. We must unswervingly suppress it! We must never let the Italian Rome march happen in our Germany!" Albert said firmly.
Italy, Rome marched! All of this was created by Mussolini, the Italian fascist leader. He was dissatisfied with the fascist party's 535 seats in the Italian parliamentary elections in 1921 and called on 30,000 supporters to enter Rome.
This riot successfully made the then Italian king Emmanuel III appoint Mussolini as prime minister. From then on, the fascists in Italy began to take power!
Why did Hitler bring about a beer hall coup that appeared in? In fact, he wanted to take the Italian path, and Mussolini's success inspired him!
Unfortunately, he still doesn't know that history cannot be copied.
Just as the October Revolution could bury the Russian Tsar but could not ignite the land of China, Mussolini's success could not be repeated in Hitler!
Because the Weimar government is not a weak Italian king!
As long as you come to Berlin to cause trouble, you are rebels and trampling on the legal system of the Republic. You must not be ruthless to such people! Albert is firm in his will.
This also has something to do with Albert's style. After all, if you want to save Germany, you must use powerful means!
Just in 1918, Albert ordered the defense forces to suppress the riots in Berlin, and at that time, it was almost bloody!
The Weimar government will not bow its head in front of the rebels!
"I think it's better to let the Free Corps go, and we'll end it at that time," said Strazeman.
Free Corps! As a defeated country, Germany, after withdrawing from World War I, was greatly restricted according to the Treaty of Versailles, with their army of 100,000 and naval personnel of 15,000.
In this way, a large number of soldiers need to retire, and many of these retired soldiers formed a semi-military organization and the Free Corps!
Anyway, it is not formal and is not within the limits of the Treaty of Versailles. In Germany, there are many such organizations, such as Hitler's stormtroopers, which are also of such civilian military organizations.
The Free Corps is also very capable of fighting. For example, in 1919, they suppressed the workers' uprising in Berlin. Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknesi were both killed!
Afterwards, Albert approved it and handed it over to the military court for punishment, but the result was that the handling was left alone.
This kind of dirty work makes it better to send out the Free Corps!
Chapter completed!