Speaking of which, Zhao Bing has not known much about the city since he came to this world. The first big city he entered was Guangzhou, but at that time, the enemy and us had changed hands many times. After experiencing wars, we don’t have to think too much about what it looks like; the second big city is Quanzhou, but it was only after more than a month of battle and it was already full of holes.

Qiongzhou Fucheng is the city where Zhao Bing lives for the longest time. If it is considered a city, he has undergone a large-scale transformation of Qiongzhou City after entering the city, improved urban facilities, and provided "patriotic health education" to residents. The population is also smaller, and there has never been a large-scale pollution. Even the palace is full of stench.

After entering Lin'an City, to be honest, Zhao Bing's area of ​​activity was extremely limited and he has not been able to travel around every corner so far. Besides, if he wants to go out, Lin'an Mansion will organize a national cleaning. What is presented in front of him is the prosperous and neat side, so it is difficult to see the dirty and dirty side. In his previous life, he was influenced by film and television dramas and always took it for granted that he must be as clean and tidy as in the movie city. In contrast, many American dramas and many jokes about medieval Europe in China have rendered the medieval European cities filthy.

It is said that before the Enlightenment, a prominent sight and feature of European cities was the streets of feces. A seventeenth-century antique merchant once recorded the remains of Charles II and his royal family on their Oxford vacation: "Although they looked neat and happy, they were very rude and rude. When they left, all the places, in the chimneys, in the study, in the bedroom, in the cellar, were full of feces."

Before the eighteenth century, it was a social habit of most European cities to abandon feces directly from the windows to the streets every day. The glory of bathing in the public bathroom era passed down from ancient Rome no longer exists, and the dirty bodies were seen as closer to God. St. Abraham did not wash his face or his feet for fifty years. St. Simon let the worms arch on his festering wounds and never cleaned them. St. Jufulasia entered a convent with more than a hundred nuns, who never took a bath.

In medieval monasteries, monks were even allowed to bathe twice a year. The rules of the Monastery of St. Benoir stipulate that even if the patient's condition requires a bath, the review procedures were very strict, especially for strong and "young" monks. Not taking a bath became a symbol of holiness. People would not hesitate to cast those who had enough courage to not bathe as saints. Even the Metropolis Paris and London were no exception. When walking on the street, you should also be careful of feces falling from the sky. People had to use perfume to puff powder to cover up the odor on their bodies.

Under the propaganda of the "public intellectuals", Zhao Bing always thought that ancient China was as they said. Since ancient times, my country has attached great importance to agricultural top dressing and cherished manure as a valuable agricultural fertilizer. Since the Tang Dynasty, manure has been a commodity, and some people have used manure to remove manure as a business, and their family has a huge fortune. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, when rice planting was developed, manure in southern towns often became popular. In ancient times, there were ditches and drainage in urban drainage, which were directly discharged into rivers, seepage wells, and were managed by dedicated people. There would never be any situation where manure fell from the sky and sewage was everywhere.

After this pollution incident in the water source in the palace, Zhao Bing realized the profound meaning of the sentence "I have no right to speak without understanding". After multiple inquiries and visits, he realized that the situation reported by Cai Wanyi was just the tip of the iceberg of the entire sanitary situation. In fact, it was not serious, but very serious, and there was always a public health crisis.

As early as the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an, the world's largest city, had already had pollution problems. Due to the rapid expansion of cities and population surges, the problems of infectious diseases related to drainage are becoming increasingly prominent. Infiltration wells mean that sewage is discharged directly into the ground and will have a significant impact on the health of the people. There are open and dark ditches in the ditches, but due to open ditches, there are more mosquitoes and flies in Chang'an City, so it is not enough to drive them away.

In addition, due to the terrain problem of Chang'an, it also faces a problem that is as serious as that of modern times - flooding. Many houses and warehouses in the city are mostly made of soil, so sometimes a serious flooding is enough to paralyze the entire Chang'an City. In addition, urban roads are not paved with bricks and stones, and frequent flooding is enough to turn the roads into "cement roads", which even causes occupations in Chang'an City to help people carry their luggage and pass through the big and small water holes in the city. While bringing employment opportunities to these people, flooding has also brought many large and small plagues to Chang'an City.

Some people may say that this is impossible. In ancient times, we knew that sewers were laid as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, and many drainage projects were still playing a role in modern times. Chang'an, as the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, would never have waterlogged. But the fact is that in the second year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui ordered Yuwen Kai to build Daxing City, and the construction was completed in nine months. However, the construction period given by the emperor was too short. When building the sewer in Daxing City, Yuwen Kai did not connect the laid underground pipelines together in order to save project volume and time, but left many unconnected vertical pipes, allowing the sewage to be discharged freely.

The Chang'an City of Tang was built on the basis of Daxing City of Sui. After more than 300 years, Zhu Wen took over Chang'an and kidnapped Emperor Zhaozong of Tang into Luoyang. One of the reasons was that "Chang'an water was bitter". For such an international metropolis, Chang'an's groundwater source has been polluted in the uninterrupted discharge of feces and urine for more than 300 years, becoming salty and no longer suitable for large-scale populations to live in. Therefore, since then, Chang'an has never become the capital of dynasties in Chinese history. The pollution of groundwater sources may be a factor for rulers when choosing a capital.

Since the Tang Dynasty was like this, did the Song Dynasty relieve it? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Even the rapid development of commerce in the Song Dynasty further worsened the problem of urban sanitation. The biggest sanitation problem in the Song Dynasty actually belonged to the pollution of urban rivers. For Chinese cities at that time, rivers were the real lifeblood. It not only provided drinking water for urban life, but also river canal transportation was also an important channel for maintaining urban operations.

After passing through some notes from his predecessors, Zhao Bing felt that he could not even drink tea. He saw the style of the city rivers: residents on both sides of the river built sheds during the holidays, and the filth and suffocation like ditches. And it was not counted just like dumping domestic garbage in the river. Sometimes, because there were dead houses and people were unable to buy land to bury them, they threw some corpses into the river. If the river was not clean, then the well water was actually worse, because many desperate people at that time... It can be seen that no one could make sure whether the well water you drank was soaked in it.

In a miscellaneous note, Zhao Bing also saw such a record. It was not too long, but it was the incident before the fall of Lin'an City. He said: The things people cleaned up were all outside the door, the stove was ashes, the porcelain was broken and tiled, and the streets were more than 2 feet higher than the house, and people followed the steps, like falling into a pit and a valley; the road was filled with manure, and the capital was even more difficult. They were naked in the daytime, and did not avoid officials and commanders, and they were in a state of despicable manner. The villain became accustomed to each other and secretly silenced their fear.

This sentence means that each family piles up their own garbage and waste outside the door. At that time, the garbage on the street is like a mountain, and people walk on it like falling down from a mountain. Many ordinary people openly urinate and defecate on the street, which obviously exceeded the burden of this recorder. In addition to urination and defecation, the street is also full of people's daily garbage and waste.

Speaking of this, some people may say that there were specialized manure deductors in ancient China? Especially in this era, there was no chemical pollution, even garbage was organic and could be fermented. And so much manure was not only a precious fertilizer, but also pure green and pollution-free. It was just used. In modern times, it was money, so how could it be wasted in vain?

Zhao Bing thought that these words could not be said completely wrong. Manure is indeed a good fertilizer, and manure deductors do exist, but who can tell you whether they are serving the people sincerely? The fact is that manure deductors were a monopoly industry at that time and were controlled by gangs. In order to maximize profits, they often deliberately did not remove manure and garbage in time to ask for a lot of prices. After they piled up like mountains, the unbearable citizens would agree to the manure deductors' harsh conditions and order them to clean up at a high price.

Because of this special interest, the filth in the city often cannot be cleared away in time, and the stench has become the norm in the city. Those with a little bit of property will go to the toilet in the manure bucket and then let the manure deductor move it away. The poor people who have nothing can only solve it themselves in the corners of the city. The blockage of open ditches and crypts has made the flood of pollution. A rain is equivalent to living in sewage; they walk in the garbage dump after leaving the palace...

Now it is time to the point where the problem is not solved. Although Zhao Bing does not think that he will still regard Hangzhou as the capital in the future, time cannot be decided by him. He can also use the transformation of Lin'an City as a model for urban construction, and at the same time leave a human heritage for future generations. Revising historical records of the dirty and messy ancient cities may really benefit future generations.

So Zhao Bing summoned Qi Yaqing, the Minister of Works, and asked him to quickly find out the current situation of the city and find the causes of pollution, so he prescribed the right medicine to come up with a plan, repaired and renovated Lin'an City, completely solved the problem, and restored the capital to green mountains and clear waters.

Only after reading the upper hand will he take a look, and the emperor personally asked, so the Ministry of Works naturally did not dare to neglect and immediately devoted himself to the investigation and research. In May, the Ministry of Works' pollution investigation report was finally sent to Zhao Bing's desk. After he read it, the problem was mainly due to the large-scale influx of population after the Yan-built Yan-built Yan-built, the industry and commerce prospered, and the city's scale continued to expand, which led to the contradiction between urban development and environmental sanitation. In the past two hundred years after the Yan-built Yan-built Yan-built, there was no large-scale renovation and renovation, which led to the decline in the functions of various facilities, making the problem more and more serious.

First of all, the increase in population in Lin'an City and the breaking of the market system caused the tight use of urban land, and invasion of streets became a way for people to solve the narrow living space. Residents occupied streets to build houses, making it difficult to pass "big cars" in the streets. Roads and bridges were occupied by public and private houses, merchants and shops and other buildings. During the fall, urban management was out of control, and this phenomenon became even more serious. People not only took the opportunity to occupy streets, but even landed rivers and ponds to compete for land. Zhao Bing thought that even Beigong was seized by someone, which shows how serious the situation was at that time.

Although the widespread invasion of streets is affected by people's excessive pursuit of money and interests, it has caused chaos and disorder in the city and greatly damaged the urban environment of the Song Dynasty. As the population poured into the central area, people had to eat, drink, defecate and scatter every day, and countless domestic wastes were generated every day. Part of these garbage was dumped directly on the roads by people. Some folk customs were mostly carried out in the streets, leaving a lot of garbage, but the streets were narrow and difficult to clean up, and they could only accumulate like mountains.

In addition, Lin'an City is the political and economic center of the country. It has many business trips and travels, and a large number of transportation powered by livestock are also walking on urban roads. So many livestock walk in the city, which will inevitably produce a large amount of feces, which will also pollute the street environment. In addition, urban roads are mostly dirt roads and a lot of dust. Not only did the emperor have to sweep the roads when traveling, but even the nobles have to "travel in front of the fine car, hold water jars, and sprinkle the passing vehicles to avoid prosperity." As a result, this kind of road that sprinkles water has the special name of "water road".

As an important water source, rivers are polluted, and the well water in the city is also repeatedly polluted. As a modern person, Zhao Bing is very clear that since groundwater is the source of well water, polluting groundwater will inevitably pollute well water. Therefore, no matter whether it is river canal or waste well, as long as the soil is polluted, it may cause well water pollution.

Since most wells in this era were earth wells, and there was no barrier between the well water and the soil, the harmful substances in the soil were very likely to pollute the well water, especially in the streets and canals in cities, which directly harmed the soil and groundwater, which in turn aggravated the pollution of the well water. The city has a large population and many businesses, and each well undertakes a large water supply task, and the drop of garbage is also very likely to pollute the well water. In addition, due to the high frequency of use of wells, the well water lacks self-purification time and is often in a turbid state.

In addition, there is a pollution source that cannot be ignored in the city. Due to the increasing development of handicrafts, printing, silk weaving, printing and dyeing and papermaking are all major polluters. In addition, military workshops gradually moved north to the capital, and these workshops are generally built near the rivers and lakes, which has also become an important factor in the deterioration of water sources.
Chapter completed!