In previous lives, people's evaluation of the Song Dynasty was basically mixed with military and economic praise, but the praise for the prosperity of culture was a common saying. First of all, the Song Dynasty is probably the Song Dynasty's most common sight. In fact, there are more than Song Dynasty's poetry. In terms of culture, the Song Dynasty can be said to be an era that inherited the past and opened the future. There are Taoism and Neo-Confucianism under Song Dynasty.

Taoism is part of Song studies, and Taoism later developed Neo-Confucianism. The Ming Dynasty's mind studies can actually be followed by Neo-Confucianism and Taoism. At the same time, the Song Dynasty also opened up the prosperity of education in China in the thousand years after China was launched. First of all, it broke through the "public" education of the previous dynasties to private private education. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, private education academies greatly promoted the dissemination and development of culture.

But what surprised Zhao Bing was that today's academic chaos had a great relationship with it, and it even implicitly was the root cause of the academic chaos. According to what they said, Zhao Kuangyin had the Chenqiao mutiny to open up the Song Dynasty, which made him vigilant, so he formulated an important national policy, defamed the military people's participation in politics, and established a political system of literati and officials, and all local officials across the country appointed civil officials.

The country had to widely use so many civil officials for a while, and during the long wars of the Five Dynasties in the Song Dynasty, most people did not like to read, and even fewer books were read. Therefore, in order to implement the established national policy, the court had to open up ways for scholars to become officials on the one hand, and on the other hand, they tried their best to promote the atmosphere of reading. "Lixue Pian" written by Zhenzong Zhao Hengyu was spread throughout the world, and those who were fascinated by scholars all over the world for nearly a thousand years.

During the Yuanfeng period, official schools had developed greatly, and the number of Tai students gradually increased. During the Chongning period of Huizong, Cai Jing set off a climax of "promoting academics" in the Northern Song Dynasty. Cai Jing first asked the court to set up official schools in prefectures and counties under the name of "there were studies at home and abroad"; he also standardized the education promotion system, forming an examination model in which county students were promoted to prefecture schools, and prefecture students were promoted to Taixue, and further improved the three-sack method.

It is not easy to become a student of Tai. Either you have outstanding talents or have a good family background. Of course, the court also takes good care of these "quasi-officials". First of all, Tai students have guaranteed their economic life. Tai students generally enjoy preferential policies for exemption from service, so they can still live economically. Not only that, Tai students can sometimes receive special preferential treatment from the government, and Tai School has monthly "supporting scholars"; every time the provincial examination, the government will pay for the accommodation of the students. Local governments will also allocate money to build state school houses, and pay for pens and inks and meals.

The self-sufficiency and stability in life gave the Tai students in the Song Dynasty more energy to pay attention to reality; and the privilege of exemption from service made them full of pride. This also became the economic prerequisite for Tai students to participate in politics in the Song Dynasty. These made Zhao Bing suddenly give birth to the illusion of Tai students who were "full" in their studies, and the court paid to raise a group of "eyed wolves".

In addition, the Taixue School is generally located in the capital of the dynasty. In the official school, Taixue students can not only obtain systematic learning, but also gain a broader social perspective based on their environment, and are easily appreciated by the upper-class rulers, and can obtain excellent promotion opportunities. In addition, Taixue students are mostly children of officials, and the teachers of the Taixue School are mostly court officials, which has become one of the reasons for Taixue students' high status.

It is precisely because no one knows which student suddenly flew up the high school one day and became a new high. Of course, he doesn't have to offend those potential stocks, but he may become his helper even if he is respectful. Under this concept, it makes the students of yang feel complacent, have the desire to guide the country and comment on the government, and thus dare to join political activities.

However, Zhao Bing believed that during the Northern Song Dynasty, although Tai students were very enthusiastic about participating in politics and dared to write letters to current problems, they were still within a controllable range. After all, this stage was dominated by official studies. In addition to the consideration of the ancestors' laws, the emperor's tolerance for learning chaos was also to use it, making it a tool to check and balance important officials in the court and maintain his own rule.

However, in the Jingkang year, the Jurchens crossed the Yellow River, captured Bianjing, and abducted the two emperors, the situation reversed. Emperor Gaozong, under the advancing of the Jin soldiers, crossed south to Jiankang and fled from Jiankang to Yangzhou. In the third year of Jianyan, he fled from Yangzhou to Zhenjiang, and then passed through Suzhou to Hangzhou. Then he went to Mingzhou and went into Changguo to go to sea, avoiding the pursuit of the Jin soldiers, and finally took refuge in Hangzhou. In the eighth year of Shaoxing, the capital was officially established here.

After years of escape, Emperor Gaozong naturally did not care about the century-long plan to develop and teach. It was not until the twelfth year of Shaoxing that Lin'an Prefecture School was added to the Taixue School, and the second year of the Imperial School was added to the Taixue School, increasing the income of Taixue students. The prefecture and county schools were also restored and rebuilt one after another, but the prefecture and county schools were mostly famous but not real.

Zhao Bing thought that at this time, Emperor Gaozong was not positive about establishing official schools, which led to the change of his thoughts, which included both practical problems and political considerations.

The Northern Song Dynasty's academic development movement improved the social status of official schools. It became a trend for students to discuss Chen's current affairs, especially Tai students became a powerful political force. By the Southern Song Dynasty, Tai students were sent to the palace to write letters, and the momentum of interfering in the government affairs was stronger, causing considerable social impact, and putting him great pressure on him, making him feel that instead of developing official schools, it was better to encourage scholars to set up academies in the deep mountains and forests to study behind closed doors, and devote themselves to cultivation, which would at least reduce many troubles.

On the other hand, there were economic considerations. The Northern Song Dynasty established official schools, from the Taixue to the prefectures and county schools. All costs were borne by the government, requiring a large amount of funds, and the country's economic strength was not enough to maintain a large number of schools. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the national finances were even more difficult. Although Emperor Gaozong once declared: "I spared no money to support the scholars", it was inevitable that it would be shaken by actual difficulties, and the government was slowed down on the grounds that "the army was not spared and the country was weakened."

In addition, among the people, many famous scholars and scholars also believed that official education could no longer meet the needs of the country to "build a country, rule the people" and "turn the people into customs". The scholars also felt that it was difficult to learn "the reality of virtue, Taoism and art" in official studies, and they also lost interest in official studies. They often searched for famous teachers and studied and learned. While being knowledgeable people fiercely criticized the shortcomings of official education, they turned to actively engage in private lecture activities.

Based on this, Emperor Gaozong summarized the lessons of the Northern Song Dynasty's development of official schools and neglecting academies, causing more social conflicts, and deeply felt that it was beneficial to support the development of academies. The court also felt that the education of official schools was extremely sluggish, and the funding difficulties caused the official schools to stop working and difficult to maintain, but was struggling to turn around and support the establishment of academies by the private or private schools to make up for the shortcomings of official schools and save the disadvantages of official schools.

Therefore, all the unique advantages of the academy that raised funds and established fields and schools came into being. Of course, the prosperity of the Southern Song Academy education was not formed from the beginning, but after a considerable brewing process. It started with Zhu Xi's revival of Bailudong Academy in the sixth year of Chunxi, and Yuelu Academy in the fifth year of Shaoxi. The successive revival of two famous academies in the world played a direct role in promoting the development of the Southern Song Academy.

Afterwards, various places rushed to follow the examples, established academies, hired famous teachers and scholars, and gathered disciples to give lectures. More than 20 years later, it became a trend, and the academies developed rapidly and showed a prosperous trend. It was not until the Lizong Dynasty of the Southern Song Dynasty that reached its climax. There were more than 500 academies, most of which were concentrated in the Jiangnan area where cultural prosperity was the most, with Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Fujian.

The prosperity of the Southern Song Academy was not only reflected in the large number but also in the expansion of the scale. More importantly, it was reflected in the further improvement of the system and the content of educational activities, the further enrichment of forms, and a relatively complete system has been established. There are relatively clear regulations and relatively stable regulations from the purpose of running schools, training goals, teaching content and methods, as well as the selection of teachers, the source and conditions of students, fundraising and organizational management, etc.

The scale of the Southern Song Academy has been further expanded, and the facilities have gradually become complete, and a relatively stable architectural pattern has been formed. Generally, academies are composed of five parts: sacrificial facilities, library buildings, lecture halls, vegetarian houses, and living facilities. There are more than ten lecture halls, more than a hundred vegetarian houses, and accommodate hundreds of students and visitors. The content and form of education are becoming increasingly fulfilling and rich, and the characteristics are more prominent and prominent.

The Southern Song Academy had a large number, large scale, high status and wide influence. It almost replaced the official school and became the main educational institution in many regions at that time. What made Zhao Bing laugh and cry was that the academies of the Southern Song Dynasty all advocated opposing the imperial examinations, advocated and encouraged students to learn from Yan Yuan, and pursue a spiritual state of "Kong and Yan's joy".

When Zhu Xi revived Bailudong Academy, he repeatedly encouraged students not to participate in the imperial examinations, not to just be an official, and not to pursue profit and wealth. He should keep in mind the intention of ancient sages to teach people to learn, explain the truth, cultivate the body and mind, and then recommend himself to others. Like Yan Yuan, he should live in a shabby alley without changing his joy, study the sages of wise and wise, and advance both virtue and career, and improve both Taoism and art.

Zhao Bing thought that this situation was caused by the decline of official schools and the corruption of the imperial examination system. In a sense, it was the corruption of the imperial examination system that further aggravated the decline of official schools and the rise of academies. It led to many scholars criticizing official schools mostly focused on criticizing the shortcomings of the imperial examination system.

Scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty founded academies to give lectures, and scholars were enthusiastic about studying academies, but they were contrary to Emperor Gaozong's desire to support the development of the academies. They were different from scholars in the late Tang and Five Dynasties who lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests to avoid war. Zhu Xi and others were not really out of the world, but hoped to create talents with "reality of virtue, Taoism and art" to correct the world and save the world.
Chapter completed!