Chapter 1 Finance is King
Zhao Bing knew the importance of money in his previous life, and for this reason he was trapped in that ship for several years. However, it was based on personal interests at that time, and even so, he understood the truth that it was hard to move without money. When he traveled to the late Song Dynasty, he understood the pain of having no money. From the initial dozens to hundreds, to the current rule of half of the population of tens of millions, lack of money almost always accompanied him.
However, in the process of establishing a country from weak to strong, Zhao Bing also realized that even in a war that was evenly matched, the winning side was often the best party in the financial organization, regardless of history. He also found that the Qing Dynasty regarded "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as a treasure book. From Nurhachi's youth to following Li Chengliang, he came into contact with "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"; to starting a business to conquer the world, recommending it to his nephews and generals, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has always been the bedside book of the Qing generals, and the military bibliography is "hot", and Huang Taiji even regarded "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as the military strategy.
Of course, Zhao Bing knew that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was this legend, with three parts real and seven parts empty. However, because its language is lively, not obscure, and has a strong story and is fascinating, it is very suitable for ordinary generals with low cultural level. He also used this as a military primary model to educate his guards.
However, Zhao Bing had a deeper understanding of the interpretation of the content, which not only reflected military strategies, but also the secrets of war finance. It can be said that the competition between the Three Kingdoms is first of all, financial competition, and secondly, military struggle. Whoever can establish a more lasting and effective fiscal system can defeat other competitors.
It is well known that the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period were typical war-torn periods. After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the entire Eastern Han Empire's financial system collapsed completely. This year, the entire Central Plains was in chaos: Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, Lu Bu, Gongsun Zan and others dominated one side and fought endlessly. This was also the most cruel period in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Every warlord struggled desperately, trying to annex other families and become the ultimate winner. In order to support the troops, the prefectures and generals in various places first implemented a plundering fiscal policy.
As the first promoter of the destruction of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo was also a typical representative of the implementation of a plundering fiscal policy. After conquering the city, his army would loot the city's wealth. Based on past experience, he valued money more. He believed that as long as he had money, he could buy everything. After he hijacked the emperor, he abolished the Wuzhu coins and minted another small amount of coins for circulation, hoping to hold more amounts of coins.
In peacetime, this practice can directly extract a large amount of wealth from the people. However, during the war, because the people had abandoned money, Dong Zhuo's practice ultimately failed. However, whether it was plundering money or minting more copper coins, the ultimate goal was only one - military ration. With military ration, more soldiers can be recruited and combat effectiveness can be formed. However, during the wartime period, many people were unable to cultivate fields and could not produce enough food. At this time, no matter how high the price was, they could not buy military ration. What is the use of coins?
After Dong Zhuo was stabbed to death by Lu Bu, his generals Guo Si and Li Jue continued to cause trouble. At that time, the prices had risen to 500,000 yuan per stone of millet and 200,000 yuan per stone of beans and wheat, which was about 10,000 times that of the prices in peacetime. Due to insufficient food, there was even a tragic phenomenon of people eating people: piles of bones, rotten human flesh and broken corpses were seen everywhere.
Using plunder as the financial pillar has always been temporary. It is precisely because Dong Zhuo, Guo Si, Li Jue and others plundered the west in a large scale, which made farmers unable to grow grain. As for the once prosperous Chang'an City, there was nothing and even people could not see it. The entire Guanzhong Plain became a wasteland. With the exhaustion of food, the army also became victims, and its combat effectiveness decreased. In the end, the northwestern warlords were eliminated by the warlords in the east. It was this violent practice that led to their defeat.
In the Central Plains area in the eastern part, the two Yuans, Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu, who fought with Cao Cao, also did not know the importance of logistics. During the war of hegemony, their military expenditure was temporarily raised and mainly plundered. At that time, there were still large areas of water in the Central Plains area, with abundant aquatic products, which could temporarily solve the food supply of the army. However, once the war entered the state of war, these aquatic products could not become baggage. As a result, Yuan Shao's army had to make a living by the wild dates on the roadside, while Yuan Shu's army looked for shells to satisfy their hunger.
During the warlords' melee, the monetary economy had also stopped, and China returned to the era of barter. When war develops towards a long-term development, whoever is the first to react to move from predatory fiscal policy to sustainable production fiscal policy will become the beneficiary. The first person to discover the financial secrets of war was Cao Cao.
When everyone was concerned about military affairs, Cao Cao emphasized farming. He recruited refugees everywhere and placed them in empty fields in Xudu for farming, and obtained millions of stones of food, providing sufficient food guarantee for the army. Later, he promoted this experience everywhere. After the successful military farming in Xuchang, he promoted his experience nationwide, and the annual grain output had reached tens of millions of stones.
After establishing his capital in Yecheng, due to the stability of the situation, Cao Cao institutionalized the tax on ordinary farmland in addition to farming: ordinary farmland required four liters of rent per mu, and each household paid two pieces of silk and two kilograms of cotton every year, and it was not allowed to be collected without authorization. Since then, farming became a routine, and he stood out from the powerful northern warlords. This seemingly unintentional action became a key step for him to unify the north.
Cao Cao was also the first to realize this rule: during the war, those who were best at raising military expenses would become the final winners. After unifying the north, the Wei Kingdom of Cao had reached the point where everyone talked about developing the economy and how to obtain more food. At this stage, many capable ministers who were proficient in various operations emerged, and economic minds had become one of the essential qualities for strategists.
In the competition between the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei was also the party that paid the most attention to grain production. In order to produce grain quickly, the government recruited a large number of refugees and asked them to cultivate land. These people were called trunk households. According to the rules at that time, if the trunk households had cattle themselves, the grain they farmed would be half as high as the government; if the trunk households had no cattle and the government provided the cattle, the grain they planted would be divided into 40% of the grains and the remaining 60% were given to the government. The government guaranteed that these trunk households would not pay other taxes and would not serve in the military. The life of the trunk households was more comfortable than that of ordinary farmers.
The less damage to the economy in Jiangdong in the war means that Sun Wu did not urgently need to farm farms; while the stronger clan forces mean that the emperor's orders could not be implemented so thoroughly and the administrative efficiency was even lower. However, the Sun Wu regime still carried out a certain amount of farm farming. Since the Cao family unified the north, the Jianghuai area became the main battlefield for hegemony, and Sun Wu's financial demand was also increasing, so Lu Xun submitted a statement to request farming. Sun Quan worked personally and encouraged farming, which also achieved certain results.
Among the Three Kingdoms, Shu Han had the smallest territory and had a short-term military farming. Prime Minister Zhuge Liang pacified the Southern Barbarians and opened up the Yunnan market. He also worked hard in Sichuan. In Shaanxi, he also planned to carry out military farming for conquests. At the same time, Jiang Wei carried out military farming in Gansu. However, the food of Shu Kingdom was wasted in years of Northern Expedition. Most of these wars had no result. Almost every withdrawal was trapped by insufficient food and the difficulty of transporting grain. Moreover, Shu Kingdom lacked the material basis to deal with the crisis, and eventually Shu Han became the earliest country to perish...
Zhao Bing's history of making a fortune started with two Yuan army warships that were introduced into the shallows by him. Later, he captured Guangzhou and Quanzhou, which could also be said to be a disguised robbery of finance. At that time, he was even very comfortable with such quick-earned transactions, and even had the idea of changing careers and becoming a pirate once he could not gain a foothold in Qiongzhou, and specializing in such business without capital.
The same is true for Xingchao. After losing a large area of land, the fiscal expenditure could only rely on the wealth brought by the escaped and the donations of patriots. As the exile went to a long time, it would be exhausted and without the support of the money. Not to mention recruiting new troops, eating would be a problem. Fortunately, Zhao Bing woke up early and knew that it would be difficult to obtain stable fiscal revenue by looting and donation alone. Xingchao was like a bandit and would sooner or later die. Therefore, Zhao Bing had been planning to move Xingchao to Qiongzhou after ascending the throne.
However, this path was also very difficult. Zhao Bing knew very well that he had inherited the mantle of the Song Dynasty and obtained the "ruling power" of the previous dynasty, but also inherited many problems accumulated by the previous dynasty regime. Although he was just an exiled government, the internal structure of the regime was mixed and formed a huge inertia. Such a regime could not redesign its political and economic system, and could only make some changes based on the previous dynasty. The regime could only be maintained rather than innovative.
After relying on the support of his general army and close ministers who were loyal to him, Zhao Bing weakened the power of the prime minister and established the dominance of the imperial power, he thought that if he wanted to maintain the independence of the imperial power, he had to control the financial power so that he could further influence the direction of the court. Therefore, he took advantage of Lu Xiufu's eagerness to solve financial difficulties and reached an agreement with him semi-forced, obtained the salt tax share and attracted the population to carry out economic policies such as civilian garrisons.
At the same time, Zhao Bing took advantage of the privileges of the Affairs Bureau to smuggle and maritime trade and gathered a large amount of wealth. The fiscal revenue obtained by the court has always been in a state of being unable to starve to survive. He had to rely on loans from inward treasurys to maintain operation. In this way, he took the opportunity to let the General Office participate in the court's finances, control the direction of money and goods, and forced the court to compromise with him on political issues.
Chapter completed!