Chapter 907 Plaza Accord (1)
"We believe that the island countries will agree that they can accept even the punitive tariffs we impose, let alone make their currency appreciate. The appreciation of their currency will be of great benefit to the economic development of their country," said James.
Do the islanders dare to disagree? Then, the United States will definitely investigate the deeper impact of the Toshiba incident.
"We must be cautious when doing this. The key issue is to make the depreciation process smoothly transition." Bush heard the plan made by the Treasury and knew that although the feasibility was very high, there were also some dangers hidden.
Among them, the most important thing is that this depreciation process is excessively stable, because the United States has learned a lesson.
In 1977, the Secretary of Finance of the Carter administration, Brummesa, made verbal intervention in the foreign exchange market with the reason of the trade surplus between Japan and the former federal Germany, hoping to stimulate US exports and reduce the US trade deficit through measures to depreciate the US dollar. His speech led to investors' crazy selling of the US dollar, and the US dollar depreciated sharply against the currencies of major industrial countries.
The US government wants to depreciate the US dollar, but it must not exceed their limits. If the US dollar price system collapses, the US economy will be over. So, President Carter launched a "Save the US dollar package" to support the US dollar price. After many efforts and resisting the interference of the oil crisis, they have overcome that difficulty.
This method is a double-edged sword.
"This time, we are fully prepared. We will put out nearly $20 billion to support our currency depreciation plan. With funds from other countries, it is estimated that there will be at least $30 billion. With this huge amount of funds, it is enough to deal with possible market speculation and allow our currency to depreciate smoothly without problems." James said.
After hearing this, Vice President Reagan also felt relieved that the funds were enough to deal with other possible problems.
If he knew that in the world's capital market, a batch of 60 to 70 billion US dollars had been prepared, and this batch of funds could play a role of 60 to 700 billion US dollars through the amplification of finance, he would probably not be so optimistic.
"Since everyone is fine, then I approve the Treasury plan," said President Reagan.
In fact, until now, they have not realized that in the international currency market, the government has the ability to interfere in the international currency market. Because the government's resources are very limited, they are powerless in terms of market prices. It was not until the Southeast Asian economic crisis in later generations that major industrial countries around the world, led by the United States, suddenly discovered this fact, which became the main reason for their inaction.
They didn't know. Even after the successful implementation of this agreement in later generations, the trade surplus of island countries with the United States did not decrease for a long time after the gradual depreciation of the US dollar, the island countries' trade surplus with the United States did not decrease, but increased significantly. The appreciation of the yen did not open up a vast island market for American goods, but even occupied the market of their own countries. It was also unsuccessful because the island products had strong structural differences with the local American products and could not form price competition. This is the most basic economic principle. Only products with low average production costs could occupy an advantage in the market. On the contrary, the appreciation of the island countries' currency prepared for the capital of the island countries to enter the world, and the capital tycoons of the island countries began a new round of expansion.
Even after the collapse of the bubble economy, the entire stock market and real estate prices of island countries collapsed, in this most tragic era of the economy, the products, electrical appliances, automobiles, and mechanical products of island countries still play an important role in the world market and still have strong competitiveness.
But at least now, Americans are full of confidence that depreciating the US dollar against the currencies of major developed countries can increase the export competitiveness of their products in disguise.
With the unanimous approval of the senior management, this important international economic event was finally not stoked by Kusai's wings, and it still developed according to the original history. However, it cannot be said completely that the cause of this incident is closely related to Toshiba's export of high-tech products to the Soviet Union. The incident was successfully broken, Kusai just kindly reminded him.
On September 3, 1985, on 59th Street, New York, there was a 19-storey building erected here, across the street from Central Park, facing General Square in the east. This building was named Plaza Hotel.
This castle-shaped building has an excellent geographical location. Open the windows and you can see the most fashionable streets in New York. The interior of the Plaza Hotel is extremely exquisitely decorated. More than 1,600 crystal chandeliers are complex and gorgeous, each of which is a valuable work of art. The magnificent interior decoration and high-quality service make this building famous inside and outside. It is the favorite place of residence for government personnel, athletes and entertainment stars in various countries, and it is also the place of residence for politicians from all over the country during their visit to the United States.
On this day, new guests were welcomed in the building.
Plaza Hotel, Palm Hall.
This is the most famous hall of Plaza Hotel. Palm trees complement marble columns, crystal lamps are refracted by layers of mirrors, and the gold-inlaid silverware exudes light. It is noble, gorgeous, and so pleasing to the eye.
At the central round table, the attendees were seated, the finance ministers and central bank presidents of the United States, island countries, federal Germany, France and the United Kingdom, and their assistants, sitting around the round table. Their faces were filled with smiles, but their hearts were calculating, because this would be a meeting that had a great impact on their economy.
US Treasury Secretary James Baker, Federal Treasury Secretary Jehart Steudenberg, French Treasury Secretary Pierre Bergerber and British Treasury Secretary Nigel Lawson and others, looking at people from the island countries, they were dressed in strange clothes. Takeshita Dori was originally playing at a golf course near Narita Airport. After receiving news from the United States, he rushed immediately and was wearing a golf jersey.
In the last incident, the island country was obeyed the United States. James was very satisfied. Therefore, he was full of confidence in this negotiation.
"In our free economic world, we largely hope for spontaneous adjustment of the market and are unwilling to engage in excessive government interference. However, at certain specific times, we must also use tough government means to protect the normal and healthy development of the economy, which is also the unshirkable responsibility of our five countries." James said first.
Listening to James' words, these others who are already very clear about the current situation in the economic field have not spoken and are waiting for James's following.
"In recent years, the continued appreciation of the US dollar has brought great risks to the domestic and international financial order of the United States. In order to avoid problems with the international financial order, we must take strong government measures to avoid the current situation. Therefore, I think the US dollar should depreciate." James said.
"Now, the economic situation in our European countries is not optimistic. If you want to depreciate the US dollar, you have to appreciate our currency accordingly. In this way, our domestic unemployment rate will increase greatly and the economy will even regress." British Finance Minister Niger said first: "We in the UK do not have this ability, so we will not appreciate the pound."
The UK has had some rifts with the United States due to the last incident, but the two sides are still close and powerful countries. However, in this economic field, they should first take into account their own interests and want to make Britain appreciate its own currency to help the United States eliminate the fiscal deficit. If he agrees, he will not be scolded by the Iron Lady after going back. I am afraid that the position of the Finance Minister will be overwhelmed.
Subsequently, the French Minister of Finance also expressed his opinion that France's domestic economic situation is very poor and will not appreciate its own currency. France is even less terrible, because France is not a NATO country. Internationally, France is a great power with great influence. France plays the same role as the United States in many aspects, such as weapons exports. The United States calls on NATO countries to ban weapons exports to a certain country. As a result, the French are in vain and allow them to occupy the market there.
So, France has no obligation to help the Americans pay the bill.
Only the Federal Germany and the island countries are left. Now, the Federal Germany and the island countries are both economically developed countries. The two countries were defeated in World War II, so they could no longer develop strong national defense forces. The investment in national defense has decreased, so they naturally develop their economy wholeheartedly. The two peoples have very deep foundations in industry, so the economy has developed well, and the Federal Germany has a lot of foreign exchange reserves.
Hearing the words of the Finance Ministers of Britain and France, James did not speak. These situations were all expected by him. He did not think about making the pound and franc appreciate, as long as the mark and the yen appreciate, especially the yen, which is his main target.
"Our Federal German banks will appropriately increase deposit rates and lower discount rates to attract the return of their own currencies and stabilize the value of the Mark." Jahart said.
Hearing the helpless words of the German Finance Minister, everyone knew in their hearts that Britain and France could refuse, but Germany could not do it. The Federal Republic of Germany was facing the rolling steel torrent of the Soviet Union behind the Berlin Wall at any time. They relied on the US garrison, but Jayhart was an old fox. He did not directly say that he wanted to devalue the German mark, but only raised interest rates to attract the mark back, which could raise the exchange rate of the mark against the US dollar. However, this was just a negative means. If you want to use this means to realize the US plan to devalue the US dollar, it would be impossible to achieve it in a few years...)
Chapter completed!