Chapter 254: Sending troops to the Golden Border

Cambodia was called Funan, Zhenla or Angkor in ancient times. Its land was fertile and its products were abundant. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Chinese merchants engaged in maritime trade lived here, called "Tang people" or "**".

According to the 1921 population survey by French colonial authorities, in 1890, the population of overseas Chinese in Cambodia was 130,000. In the 1920s, the late 1930s and the early post-World War II, the Japanese wanted to practice Chinese law on the land of China, and in order to survive, the Chinese immigrated to Cambodia three times.

Later, although World War II was victorious, Cambodia was once again favored by the Chinese people during the peak of the domestic civil war from 1946 to 1949 after the war, and a large number of Chinese immigrated to Cambodia.

Therefore, according to the population survey at that time, the Chinese soared from 300,000 to 420,000, accounting for 7.4% of the total population of Cambodia. In 1975, the Khmer Rouge led the Cambodian National Liberation Army and established a democratic Cambodia State, some statistics were made about 600,000 people.

It can be said that Cambodia is actually closely related to China. The country's culture and political thoughts are quite influenced by China. Even many leaders in Cambodia actually have Chinese ancestry. Strictly speaking, it is difficult for this country to act unfriendly to China. Chinese should be completely integrated with Cambodia.

However, it is worth noting that after a brief rule by the democratic Cambodian regime (1975-1979), the Chinese population dropped sharply to about 300,000.

The reason is very simple. Although the role that Cambodian Chinese play in local society, although from the perspective of class analysis, most Chinese, who account for a very small part of the country's population, are mostly exploiters, but due to the reconciliation of the devout Buddhist beliefs of the Cambodian people and the Confucian culture, class contradictions have not reached the level of fierce conflict.

In fact, due to the diligence and agility of Chinese people, not only in Cambodia, but also in the entire Southeast Asia, overseas Chinese are actually in a high position in these countries. Most of them have the status of businessmen, which not only drives the development of the local economy, but also accumulates a lot of wealth for the Chinese themselves.

However, money has always been the dirtiest thing in the world. Although it is harder for people without money to live, at least there will be no ups and downs and disasters in life. Rich people will naturally attract jealousy and even become the target of social conflicts.

On April 28, 1974, the famous "Jijing Incident" occurred: a large number of Cambodian Khmer Rouge troops returning from the front line entered the center of Juijing, placed light and heavy machine guns on the street, aimed at the residences of Chinese people, and ordered Chinese people across the city to farm immediately in the countryside, and arrested more than 100 suspects who incited Chinese people to return to China. Most of these people were tortured, and some were even tortured to death.

On April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge power led by Pol Pot seized national power until the invading Cambodia Vietnamese army was captured on April 17, 1979. During the three years and eight months after the Khmer Rouge (Cambodia Communist Party), the Cambodian people experienced an unprecedented disaster, and the Chinese society was the first to be affected.

Unfortunately, when the Khmer Rouge analyzed Cambodian society and formulated policies, Chinese who were generally merchants were included in the "bourgeois" camp by the Khmer Rouge, which put them in the pressure of more severe class struggle than the Khmer nation. The Khmer Rouge regime generally promoted that "the overseas Chinese are bourgeoisie and have absorbed the blood of Cambodians in history." Kampot, Polomian, Swift Rim, Kampong Cham and other provinces also arrested Chinese people from cities or progressive overseas Chinese teachers and overseas Chinese teachers, and many were sentenced to death or torture.

The first major move made by urban residents was expelled, plundered, and persecuted the Khmer Rouge to take over the city and seize power was to immediately forcibly "evacuate" all urban residents to the countryside. This measure was the official opening of the tyranny of the Pol Pot group because of its wide population and its fierce destruction.

The urban residents who were "evacuated" were mainly 2 million Phnom Penh citizens and refugees, including about 400,000 Chinese.

On April 17, the Khmer Rouge army (commonly known as "Black-Shirt Soldiers") in black entered Phnom Penh and was warmly welcomed by citizens, including Chinese. People sang and danced, served tea and feasted to celebrate the arrival of peace.

But soon, the army used the excuse of "American planes coming to bomb" to ask people to evacuate to the countryside immediately to hide for three or two days, and sent some military vehicles to help citizens move.

The next day, due to people's doubts and few responders, the army fired guns across the city and used force to force citizens to withdraw from the city immediately according to the designated route. A week later, millions of people in the city were evacuated, and Phnom Penh turned into an empty city.

During the evacuation from Phnom Penh, countless tragedies were performed. For example, some families were killed for waiting for their relatives who had not returned home; some families were reluctant to leave the city and hid in the room, and were even bombarded; doctors and nurses who were rescuing patients died at gunpoint because they delayed the evacuation time.

Because of the hasty departure from the city, there were not many foods and bags. Millions of citizens were wandering in the scorching sun, enduring hunger and suffering from hunger, and were driven to a distant and unknown land. Many people fell ill and died on their way.

Overseas Chinese businessmen and housewives who do not do heavy physical work on weekdays (especially old women who have tangled their feet) cannot withstand the torture of the journey and the proportion of death is even greater.

This "evacuation" operation lasted for several months. The exhausted citizens of Phnom Penh arrived at their respective destinations one after another, and were designated to settle down in remote and closed villages or in deserted and dense forests, and began to live in farming.

However, they lack the minimum tools to build the Maozha on which they rely on. The distribution of rations in "Anka" (the meaning of "organization" in Cambodia) is seriously insufficient. In addition, there is a shortage of medicine, so many people die from cholera, incompatibility with the local environment and malaria.

In addition to Phnom Penh, residents of other large, medium and small cities such as Battambang, Kampang Cham, Kampot, Swift Ridge, Real Ju, Bodhisattva, Kampong Qingyang, Tea Gua, Kampong, Kampong, and Kampong were also forced to migrate to rural areas and deep mountains and dense forest areas. For example, Zhushan City, Battambang Province, which is close to the Thai border, will be ordered to withdraw from the city less than a few days after liberation; because most citizens are unwilling to leave, the Khmer Rouge army set a deadline, and if they do not withdraw, they will be executed by firing, and they will not be allowed to return after leaving the city.

This is the real content of the Khmer Rouge ruled Cambodia for more than three years. More than 400,000 overseas Chinese, and even Cambodians with Chinese blood suffered a catastrophe due to their wealth.

Strictly speaking, the leader of the Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot, was also a loyal admirer of the founding great men of the New China. During his reign, he implemented agricultural collectivization and forced all urban residents to work in rural collective farms.

And without reason, he even imitated the "special period" and carried out a nationwide purge and ordered the massacre of dissidents.

Under Pol Pot's rule, the currency was abolished, but the ideal of ** was not realized, which caused the national economy to collapse in a total of three million people. It is said that a total of three million people were executed or starved to death, including many leaders within ** who were suspected of being unfaithful to him. His massacre caused condemnation from Cambodia and the international community.

It has to be said that Pol Pot is definitely a problem. Cambodia's highest Marxism-Leninism completely violates the laws of human social development, completely stifled people's enthusiasm and economic competitiveness, seriously undermined Cambodia's national economic and social development, caused the national economic collapse and the productivity plummeted. As a result, Cambodia, which has always been known as the hometown of fish and rice, died in the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

It is also because of this tyranny that the Democratic Republic of Cambodia fell into full turmoil and chaos. The Cambodian people hated the Democratic Republic of Cambodia to the core, which provided an excellent opportunity for Vietnam to implement the illegal Indochina federal plan. Therefore, it gave Vietnam a reason to send troops to Cambodia. Under the ambitious planning of Le Duan, the incident of Vietnam's attack on Cambodia in 1978 also caused the Chinese counterattack against Vietnam that began on February 17, 1979.

To be honest, if there was no literary style, there would be wars that lasted for nearly ten years between China and Vietnam and Vietnam and Cambodia.

Needless to say, the war with China is that in order to maintain pressure on Vietnam, China must hurt this disobedient neighbor well.

The war with Cambodia has to be said to be the incompetence of the Vietnamese army at that time.

Judging from the current situation, the main battlefield is on the Vietnam-Cambodia border. The Vietnamese People's Army concentrated more than 200,000 troops from 18 divisions, and launched a full-line attack with the Cambodia-Vietnam border in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia as a breakthrough point, attempting to fully occupy Cambodia with a lightning raid.

On December 25, 1978, the Vietnamese People's Army began to invade the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

The two divisions and four regiments of the first route first launched a raid along Cambodia Highway 19 to the Northeast region where the Cambodian People's Army was weakly defended, and on January 3, 1979, it invaded Shangding City and Gone City of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

Subsequently, with the cooperation of tanks, the two divisions and two regiments of the Second Route quickly broke through the defensive position of the Cambodian People's Army Snu City, and then attacked north along Cambodia Highway 13, and invaded Jujing City, the Democratic Republic of Cambodia on December 30, 1978.

Four teachers from the third route followed Cambodia Highway 7 and invaded the city of Libe, the Mekong River ferry crossing and crossed the river to siege Kampang Cham Province, the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

The four divisions of the Fourth Route were the main attacking forces. Some of them occupied Swift Rim Province, the Democratic Republic of Cambodia along Cambodia Highway 1, and the other part was invaded along the Mekong Hebei to Nailiang City, the Democratic Republic of Cambodia, and then approached Phnom Penh, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

With the support of the Air Force, the 6 divisions and other five regiments of the Fifth Route occupied Gongju City, Chajiao City and other places along Cambodia's No. 2 and No. 3 along Cambodia's Democratic Republic, and then invaded the southwest of Phnom Penh, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia, and cut off Cambodia's Highway 4.

So far, the Vietnamese People's Army basically occupied the territory of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia east of the Mekong River in just 9 days.

From January 5, 1979, the Vietnamese People's Army besieged Phnom Penh, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia from east, west and south.

At noon on January 7, 1979, the government of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia voluntarily evacuated Phnom Penh, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia, and retreated to the Cambodia-Thai border in the western part of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia. According to Vietnam at that time, the Democratic Republic of Cambodia established by Cambodia was declared destroyed.

The Vietnamese People's Army supported Han Sanglin, who had served as the post of the Cambodian People's Army, the provincial party secretary, and other positions, established a puppet regime controlled by Vietnam. By January 12, 1979, the Vietnamese People's Army had basically occupied the major cities and major transportation routes of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.

During this period, the Vietnamese People's Army wiped out more than 60,000 people from the Cambodian People's Army, seized more than 50,000 guns, 359 artillery pieces, 190 tanks, 40 aircraft, and 60 ships...

It seems that the Vietnamese army achieved a major victory, and when it captured some places, it even received warm welcome from the Cambodians, most of whom were victims during the Khmer Rouge rule.

But what about the actual situation?

Before the war at that time, the total strength of the Cambodian army was 100,000 to 120,000, and it was organized into 24 divisions with dissatisfaction (2,000-4,000 people per division), with more than 100 tanks, armored vehicles and more than 50 aircraft. The Cambodian military used 19 divisions to serve as guards on the Cambodia-Vietnam border, and basically formed a front-line configuration.

Compared with the Vietnamese army's more than 200,000 veterans who fought against the United States and the North-South Vietnam War, it is obvious that the Vietnamese army's invasion of Cambodia was an unfair battle in history where the strong bully the weak, but the final result was really disappointing.

The Li Duan Group could not believe in the pro-China war-going generals Wu Yuanjia, Zhu Wenjin, Huang Wentai and others, and could only believe in his hardcore Wen Jinyong himself, but in fact, Wen Jinyong was not fully prepared in this war.

When Li Duan and Wen Jinyong thought that as long as Cambodia was occupied, Cambodia would inevitably surrender to them in the end, but the result was shocking. They might only see Pol Pot slaughtering the people in order to achieve his heart, but forgot that he was still a firm worshipper of Maoism.

Since the Vietnamese troops led by Wen Jinyong were only concerned about seizing territory and neglecting the attack on the Cambodian army, this battle that seemed to have occupied Vietnam in lightning. Although Vietnam seemed to have occupied about 80% of Cambodian territory in less than three months, in fact, they annihilated enemies in the entire battle only accounted for 14% of the total strength of the Cambodian army.

Wen Jinyong did not realize that Pol Pot, who was also seizing power, took two completely different routes from the Vietnamese. At that time, Pol Pot was able to overthrow the Longno military government and force Prince Sihanouk to retreat. He almost strictly implemented the strategy of a great man from China that year's "surrounding the city in the countryside". So although Pol Pot seemed to have killed many people in the city, it also caused a lot of suffering to the Cambodian people.

But in fact, the army led by Pol Pot still has considerable supporters in the rural and mountainous areas of Cambodia. As long as their army is still there and they can still fight, once these soldiers return to the jungle, it is definitely a nightmare for the Vietnamese.

It is completely conceivable that although Pol Pot lost the capital of Phnom Penh, it seemed that he had no power, once he returned to the countryside, after he re-concentrated Cambodian soldiers who were organized and strategic retreat, he immediately dragged Vietnam into a protracted and long-term war that consumed a lot.

So at the critical moment of the Sino-Vietnam War, in Wenfeng's opinion, it was not that the Vietnamese army did not want to send Vietnam's elite troops to the frontline of the Sino-Vietnam War, and they had no way to do this, because they were also facing tremendous pressure on the battlefield in Cambodia. Once they relaxed, the army led by Pol Pot would never mind being hit by them.

Due to the emergence of literary style, the butterfly's wings were magnificent, and many things changed dramatically.

The first change was fundamental. During the Sino-Vietnam War, due to the complete failure of the Vietnamese side and their leader was killed by Wen Feng and others, which caused the entire political and military strategy of the Vietnamese army to undergo earth-shaking changes.

Politically, the Li Duan Group was completely destroyed, and the pro-China Vietnamese leaders returned to their jobs.

And what about military affairs? Although General Wu Yuanjia, who used to command wars, was the Minister of Defense of Vietnam at that time.

But in fact, the position of General Wu Yuanjia is very embarrassing, because he, as the Minister of Defense, actually has no real power, and the person who commands the war is Li Dun's hard-hard Wen Jinyong.

Wen Jinyong also had a good time. During the transfer of political and military rights in Vietnam, all the Li Duan Group was obviously lost. At the meeting, a news that made him useless was announced, that is, all of his current positions were replaced by Zhu Wenjin.

It is completely conceivable that after this change, the changes that China and Vietnam lasted for ten years must have disappeared, and the war between Vietnam and Cambodia will inevitably have new changes.

It’s not that the leader had no objection to what Pol Pot did, it was a helpless choice made by Vietnam in the case of infinite attacks between the Soviet Union and China. Although he knew that what Pol Pot did was too much and too cruel, China had to hold on with his eyes closed just to curb Le Duan’s ambitions.

The success of the Sino-Vietnam peace negotiations is actually an opportunity to finally get rid of Pol Pot, a hateful madman.

So there was a very strange situation in the Sino-Vietnam peace negotiations, that is, when the Chinese and Vietnam were in negotiations, they seemed to have jointly made selective forgetting, as if they didn't know that there was a war between Vietnam and Cambodia. The purpose of this was basically to prove that Pol Pot was no longer in China's future development plan. Perhaps China was completely happy to see that the Vietnamese troops could remove this stinger.

However, in this process, the changes in things made China and Vietnam unexpected.

When the literary style entered Cam Ranh Bay and vigorously began to help Vietnam develop its economy and at the same time extended Cam Ranh Bay's commercial tentacles to the entire Southeast Asia, Vietnam made a typical big mistake.

The Vietnamese regime was still very rapid. By April 1979, the dust had basically settled, but there were problems in the transfer of Cambodia's army, and the variable of the problem lies in Wen Jinyong.

Who was Wen Jinyong at that time? He was a powerful military figure with more than 200,000 troops in his hand. This guy was quite cunning. When Long March and Huang Wenhuan held the Vietnam Congress, they knew that even if Wen Jinyong was notified, this guy would definitely not come, so they simply did not notify him and sent Zhu Wenjin out quietly.

In fact, on March 15, 1979, almost as soon as the regime was replaced, Huang Yuanjia, the Minister of Defense, rushed to the battlefield between Vietnam and Cambodia, and wanted to deprive Wen Jinyong of his power before he could react.

However, what they never expected was that Wen Jinyong had actually been on guard. When Huang Yuanjia and Zhu Wenjin rushed to the Vietnamese command center in Cambodia, they were shocked to find that Wen Jinyong was no longer here ten days ago, but ran to the 320th Division of the Vietnamese army's ace division, claiming to be commanding the battle.

Commanding the battle? That's just a mess. The 320th Division is not without its own division commander. Why do you want Wen Jinyong to go to the battlefield to worry about?

Faced with this situation, when Huang Yuanjia and Zhu Wenjin learned that the 320th Division was encircling and annihilated Pol Pot's troops in the depths of Cambodia, they knew that the situation was not good, so they immediately announced the removal of Wen Jinyong from the Vietnamese command post. All Vietnamese troops in Cambodia were handed over to Zhu Wenjin for command, and at the same time, the power was generated to the 320th Division to convey the order.

The result was extremely dissatisfied, and the thing that Huang Yuanjia and Zhu Wenjin were most worried about happened. Since the 320th Division was originally led by Wen Jinyong, the 320th Division was almost Wen Jinyong's direct troops. He had absolute authority in this division. Although Wu Yuanjia issued an order to the 320th Division as the Minister of National Defense, the 320th Division had no reward at all in the face of this new order, as if the division had disappeared.

Zhu Wenjin knew that the situation was not good, so he immediately took measures and ordered the Vietnamese army to move closer to the 320th Division on the front line, while constantly reporting to the 320th Division.

The situation was very unoptimistic. Although the three divisions of the Vietnamese army approached the 320th Division, what they never expected was that after they arrived in the depths of Cambodia, the first division did not encounter the 320th Division, but they hit Pol Pot's troops head-on and were ambushed by them at that time. The three divisions of the Vietnamese army reacted very quickly and immediately launched a counterattack.

While the two armies were fighting happily, the 320th Division suddenly appeared from the side of the three divisions of the Vietnamese army and knocked down their baggage troops with one blow. At this time, Wen Jinyong's voice appeared, and instead recruited the three divisions of the Vietnamese army, calling on the three divisions to join him, then joined forces with Pol Pot's troops, and finally fought back to Vietnam.

There was such a situation on the battlefield. Unexpectedly, the 320th Division would join forces with Pol Pot's troops and launched an attack on the Vietnamese army. In this battle, the Vietnamese army suffered heavy losses. Most of the division was surrendered by Wen Jin, while the other two divisions had no fighting spirit. They were finally forced to break out and returned to the Vietnamese front after almost losing one-third of the losses.

The alliance between Wen Jinyong and Pol Pot's troops immediately brought about new changes in the battlefield in Cambodia. The 320th Division and a newly recruited Vietnamese and Pol Pot's troops immediately rose. Wen Jinyong immediately contacted the Soviet Union and expressed their intention to surrender and asked the Soviet Union to provide emergency assistance to them.

Brezhnev of the Soviet Union was overjoyed after hearing the news. Although he could not directly send troops to help Vietnam and was trapped in the Afghanistan incident, he would never mind causing more trouble for China and Vietnam on their honeymoon. There is no way to transport on land, but the Soviet Union's air and sea transportation were temporarily unable to stop. Wen Jinyong called Brezhnev and immediately sent the supplies to Cambodia.

After receiving Brezhnev's assistance, Wen Jinyong and Pol Pot immediately rose sharply. Instead of their previous guerrilla style, they began to counterattack the invading Vietnamese army. With the support of Brezhnev's equipment in the Soviet Union, Pol Pot's troops suddenly seemed to have increased several times as if they had eaten Viagra.

On the other hand, the Vietnamese army, because the troops in Cambodia were all commanded by Wen Jinyong, had close ties with Wen Jinyong, and sent three divisions to fight the 320th Division. Not to mention that they did not take down, one of them was summoned by Wen Jinyong on the spot. Of course, the Vietnamese army is unstable now. Zhu Wenjin and Wu Yuanjia knew that if they didn't rectify these troops, they would have a big mess.

Therefore, in the face of Pol Pot's aggressive offensive, the Vietnamese army did not advance but retreated. When adjusting the existing troops, they had to retreat step by step, and finally stopped. The Vietnamese army had to rotate some troops, and it was not until it was almost Phnom Penh that it reversed the decline. However, at this time, Pol Pot and Wen Jinyong also gained a firm foothold in Cambodia.

With the help of Wen Jinyong, the Vietnamese army's fighting style and tactics were greatly restricted. Although Zhu Wenjin led his army to launch several offensives against Pol Pot and Master Wen Jinyong's troops, the effect was not obvious. He could no longer fight when he arrived at the Mekong River in Angkor. Instead, he suffered a great loss in several battles.

Faced with this unfavorable situation, Vietnam is trying to vigorously develop its economy at this time. If the war is allowed to be dragged on, it will undoubtedly be extremely unfavorable. Under this circumstance, China and Vietnam have actually reached a certain strategic cooperation. Under the suggestion of Wen Feng, Huang Wenhuan made a request for help to the Beijing side. After all, now Pol Pot of Cambodia has also surrendered to the Soviet Union under the instigation of Wen Jinyong. At this time, Cambodia has become a huge threat to Southeast Asia.

Judging from the current situation, the main battlefield is on the Vietnam-Cambodia border. The Vietnamese People's Army concentrated more than 200,000 troops from 18 divisions, and launched a full-line attack with the Cambodia-Vietnam border in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of Cambodia as a breakthrough point, attempting to fully occupy Cambodia with a lightning raid.

On December 25, 1978, the Vietnamese People's Army began to invade the Democratic Republic of Cambodia.
To be continued...