Yan Song Biography(2/2)
Chen Lian, a Jinshi in the 17th year of Jiajing. The "History of Ming Dynasty" records that "Liang is upright and hates evil like a grudge, but is quite arrogant." There is no record of Chen Lian's talent in his genius. Chen Lian is quite good with his boss, Lu Bing, the commander of Jinyiwei, and is very close to Yan Shifan. Chen Lian is addicted to alcohol, "Several drinks from Shifan, Shifan abuses guests with wine, and is unfair to Jian's heart, and he always makes the opposite." A mere trivial matter caused a lot of resentment, which shows that Chen Lian's narrow personality is obvious. Yan Song He once said that Chen Lian was not a good person. This was heard by Chen Lian. He was afraid that he would have no future. In the first month of the 30th year of Jiajing, he wrote a memorial to impeach Yan Song. In the memorial, he listed the ten major crimes of Song. After reading the memorial, Emperor Shizong "was furious and slapped him in court and exiled him to the security guard." Chen Lian was not at peace in the security guard and often criticized Song and his son. The local people who were not aware of the matter also "fighted to sing Song for quick refining, and were very happy. They talked to Song and his son every day. They also tied grass to others and became humans, like Li Lin Fu, Qin Hui and Song, when they were drunk, they gathered their children to shoot them. "This kind of "game" seems to be different from what a gentleman did. Chen Lian often had disputes with local authorities and was killed by the governor Yang Shun. Those who opposed Yan Song said that Yan Song was instructed to kill Chen Lian, which was also unfounded in history, and Yang Shun was not Song's party. Chen Lian listed Yan Song's ten major crimes, and Xu Xuemo thought that "the ten crimes of Song were all empty and empty" (Volume 15 of "Shimiao Zhiyu Lu"). Tan Qian said in "Guoqian": "Chen Chunfu (Liang) his energy swallowed the Hu. When Gengxu (1550) autumn, he was angry and scolded Yan. His strength and strength were self-righteous and he was invincible. He threw himself into a desert and was vaguely hidden, so why not be satisfied? As for sending a letter to the capital, he wanted to clear the evil of the emperor, and asked a sword to chant Hui, which was particularly exaggerated." It can be seen that Chen Lian's death was entirely due to his weakness in character, so what is the connection with loyalty and treacherous!
Yang Jisheng was a Jinshi in the 26th year of Jiajing; according to the "History of Ming Dynasty", he was quite particular about the study of Lu Lu, and he did not know any of his strengths. When he was in the Imperial College, he was a disciple of Xu Jie; he was still very close to Tang Shunzhi. Yang Jisheng's personality is quite similar to Chen Lian. We might as well quote a letter from Tang Shunzhi to Yang: "A hero and hero are... quite generous, and the inspiration is too strong, but the implicit and indulgent power may not be enough..." (Volume 6 of "Mr. Jingchuan's Collection of Essays") This implies Yang's weaknesses and lack of talent. In the 32nd year of Jiajing, Yang Jisheng submitted a "Commentary on the Request for the Punishment of the Thief Ministers", which listed Song's ten major crimes and five traitors. Most of Yang's accusations were empty and unreal, and there was no difference between Chen Shun. If Yan Song did not govern the country well, Shizong might think it was allusion to him, because many things were done according to his will; for Yang Jisheng's "Commentary" says: "If you observe Song's traitor, you may summon Wenyu and the two kings of Jing;" This is undoubtedly a belief that Shizong is stupid. Therefore, "the emperor is angry... and Jisheng ordered the prison to be imprisoned, and why did he lead the two kings... The prison was slaughtered and ordered the Ministry of Justice to convict him." After Yang Shuzong gave up, Song repeatedly asked for help. Shizong tried to keep him again and again, saying that Yang "invited to be famous and sold straight", and that the memorial was coming to him. The memorial was empty, which means that he had no talent and knowledge. Therefore, Yang Jisheng would undoubtedly die, or that Yang died because Song did something wrong. This statement was too paradoxical.
Another more influential person is Xia Yan. After Yan broke out of the prime minister in the 24th year of Jiajing, the envoy of the imperial envoy Zeng Xian discussed restoring Hetao, and the words were strong, but Song was extremely unspeakable. So Wen Yuan, the Minister of Personnel, impeached Yan to the country and dismissed Xia Yan's chief minister in the spring of the 27th year. In that year, Xia Yan was killed, Zeng Xian. "History of Ming Dynasty-Biography of Yan Song" said that Song framed Xia Yan until his death by taking the reconciliation incident. "History of Ming Dynasty-Biography of Xia Yan" claimed that Song and Lu Bing and the son-in-law Cui Yuan joined forces to rebel against the words. However, Tan Qian believed in "Guiqiu" that "Guixi (Xia Yan) died of defeat and died of slander, and Yan's sting was stinged by him." It can be seen that Yan Song took the blame. In Yan Song's "The Memorial Notes", there was a letter from Song repeatedly asking for mercy for Xia Yan to avoid death, and it was also seen that Song may not be a person with "evil thoughts".
The ones killed by Shizong were Wang Zhu, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Wang Zhu was a general who was proficient in military affairs and was very responsible. In the spring of the 36th year of Jiajing, tens of thousands of invading Northern Hegemony entered the Santun camp for a while, causing the family and property of many Zhonggui and palace ladies to suffer losses. The people around these emperors inevitably complained to Shizong. When investigating this matter, Wang Zhu was neglected to train troops. So Shizong was furious and criticized that "all the generals were beheaded." In the 37th year, Wang Zhu was killed in the western market, at the age of fifty-three! However, the end of the story also claimed that Wang Zhu's death was responsible for Song. Right and wrong
There is still a public opinion. The "Shimiao Zhiyu Lu" says: "Zhu Xun, the elders, were careful in the country. The battles in Tongzhou did not avoid death. They planned to defend the city and gave the country a national throne. The emperor's family was growing up and down, and the stern leader was at the forefront. Jizhou border was long and the hard work was rectified. He repeatedly lost the rules, so he was in the extreme. │Huating (Xu Jie) condemned Yan Song, and Qin Hui killed Wu Mu. Therefore, a gentleman was a ruling man. "The judgment of Zhi Dalun was very aligned with Qian: "Wang Zhongcheng died in the border, not the Yan family." These explanations include some people trying to make Yan Song "evil is a ruthless person" and want Yan Song to bear a heavy and terrible bad reputation.
There is a long-lasting passage in "The Record of Sin": "However, the emperor has been in power for a long time, and he must be virtuous and be in good faith, and everything is inspiring. After Song inherited Xia's words, he did not dare to have any choice, and he would directly point out his words; if he wants to kill, he has nothing to argue... Then all those who are willing to kill will compete with Song in the world." Yan Song's secret of "slaughtering loyal and good" is in the turmoil. Yan Song's bad reputation is far away, and legendary operas are of great significance. The "Shen Xiaoxia first meets the role of the teacher" ("The Miracle of the Current and Ancient Views") written by Song framed Shen Lian, and the operas "Wu Feng Ji", "A Handful of Snow", "Danxin Zhao", "The Crazy Drum Officer", "The Memorial of the Master" and so on, are repeated among the people, which confirms the famous saying of Gobel's family: rumors are repeated many times and become "facts"!
(4) Yan Song and the policy of resisting the enemy and resisting the Japanese
Since the 13th year of Jiajing, the new Mongolian leader Altan Khan has almost never asked for "tributary" in the Ming Dynasty. However, Altan was repeatedly rejected by the Ming court, so Altan led his troops to invade the border. The most serious incident was in the 29th year of Jiajing. Altan led 100,000 elite cavalry to attack Beijing, and the whole country was shocked, which was known in history as the "Gengxu Incident". What is Yan Song's position on the Northern Barbarians? There are two very important points here. First, Shizong wanted to follow Chengzu's army to patrol the border. In the second and March of the 28th year of Jiajing, Shizong summoned Yan Song twice and talked about his idea of personally leading a large army to "pause the border", but Yan Song politely opposed it: "The emperor and the saints are far-reaching, and they want to be promoted to the law and ancestors are very generous. But now is not the previous time, and they only strictly supervise the generals and ministers to guard them, and they can do nothing. The scriptures of patrol and driving seem to be the same as those of the past." ("
Volume 346) It can be imagined that if Shizong led his army to patrol the border, the result might be worse than the "Tigong Incident" by Emperor Yingzong. Yan Song, as the chief minister, did not blindly obey the invitation to favor on this major issue. It must have expected that he had expected the seriousness of the consequences, so he tried to stop it. Second, Shizong always wanted to use military means to solve the problem of the northern border. For example, in the 26th year of Jiajing, the chief minister Xia Yan and the three-sided governor Zeng Xian insisted on regaining the lost territory of Hetao, which was approved by Shizong; and Yan Song, Weng Wanda, Tang Shunzhi and other ministers with knowledge and military experience were very dissatisfied with the "reconstruction". In early August of the 29th year, the border situation was very tense. Emperor Shizong summoned Yan Song twice to discuss countermeasures. Yan Song said: "There is a problem now, but the border ministers are working hard to defend, so they cannot
Go deeper, it is a strategy. If you want to drive away and escape far away, you may not be able to do anything. "Also, "The situation in the first place is different from the past. If the soldiers are not trained, the generals have not received any people, and the salary is often short of money, and there is no support. The ministers involved will take responsibility for themselves, defend the frontier, and do not worry, even if they are not profitable. This is a strategy to control the army..." (Volume 4 of "The Memorials and Logs") Yan Song advocated the focus on defense, which was entirely based on the national conditions at that time. In the 29th year of Jiajing, Wang Bangrui, the Minister of Personnel, wrote a memorial saying: "Now the military preparations have been accumulated, and there are only 140,000 yuan in the city, but only 50,000 yuan in the city, and there are only 50,000 yuan in the city, and there are no food for the management. If there are no troops for the enemy, the war and defense are all called "the actual military power is only 40,000 to 50,000 yuan, half of the old and weak." (History of Ming Dynasty
- Biography of Ding Rukui) As for military equipment, the officials in charge of the manufacturing of ordnance embezzled the price of materials, so the equipment produced was unbearable. For example, the armor "does not hide the heart in the middle, does not cover the navel at the bottom, and is not strong at the bottom, and the sleeves are long and pressing the arms, which are all inconsistent"; "The bow strength is only one or two buckets, and the arrows are only seven or eight. In the past, it cannot shoot far away. After wearing armor, the hand cannot be raised, and the shooting is only a few dozen steps. The knife is even short and there is no edge." (Ma Wensheng: "Medal of Mingchen-Revised Military Preparation") How can such troops and equipment be worthy of Altan's attack of 100,000 elite cavalry! Yang Jisheng, who once served as the commander of the Ministry of War, may not be unaware of the military situation at this time! In the "Memorial", he pointed out that Yan Song did not allow the Minister of War Ding Rukui to fight when Altan invaded Beijing, and was one of the ten major crimes, which is also incredible.
Japanese pirates did not originate from the Jiajing Dynasty, but the Japanese experiencing was the strongest. The direct cause of the Japanese experiencing was sea ban. Yan Song's policy on Japanese pirates was different from Xia Yan. When Xia Yan was the chief minister again, he advocated using tough measures to eliminate Japanese pirates like the northern enemy. In the 26th year of Jiajing, he recommended Zhu Wan to govern the Japanese turmoil in Fujian and Zhejiang. Zhu Wan slaughtered heavily in Fujian and Zhejiang, and the conflicts were greatly intensified, and officials who had damaged interests handed over to impeach. The court lost Xia Yan's support. He was worried that he would be punished and humiliated, so he had to commit suicide with anger. Yan Song recommended Zhao Wenhua to inspect military affairs and made great achievements. Xu Xuemo's "Shimiao Shiyu Lu" said: "...When Wenhua came out, because of his greed and cruelty, the governors all feared him like a tiger.
He dared not to serve his life, and he was afraid that he would make military achievements. "Under Zhao Wenhua's rectification, the army had a certain combat effectiveness and played a certain role in pacifying the Japanese terrorists. More importantly, Zhao Wenhua believed that maritime trade relations should be protected by the state and legalized it. Yan Song's policy toward Japanese terrorists was best reflected by Zhao Wenhua. Zhao Wenhua also activated the famous anti-Japanese general Hu Zongxian, and successively recruited a group of generals, such as Qi Jiguang, Yu Dayou, Liu Xian, Tan Lu, Tang Shunzhi, Wang Chonggu, Lu Tong, etc. They played a very important role in pacifying the Japanese terrorists in the late Jiajing period. This shows that Yan Song's policy to capture the Japanese terrorists in the north was at least not a big mistake.
(5) About Yan Song's greed and despised
Yan Song's "greed" is one of the reasons why he is notorious.
Wang Zongmao's "Editor of the Imperial Ming Jingshiwen-Record the Imperial Respondents of the Misfortune": "When the power of the Ministry of Personnel is to be selected, the quota of 20 people is required for each selection, the state is to be 300 liang, and the general is to be 500 liang, and the famous districts in the world are to be chosen. ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅�
"For example, in Jiyou (28th Jiajing), when someone was impeached, he was not allowed to escape. He wanted to move his family back to his hometown. He had fun with other property and had no time to talk about it. However, when he heard that when he was in charge of the clothes, a family asked to check the number of gold and silver utensils to record the number of invented in the warehouse. There were dozens of tables in front, and Song sat behind him, and became more and more strange. However, he saw that the table was increased before and the chair was retreated afterwards. There was no place to be placed, and the number of covers was unknown."
Zou Yinglong's "Editor of the Emperor Ming Jingshiwen-The Commentary on the Corrupt and Unscrupulous Ministers and the King of the Kingdom": "The Song and his son were from Yuanzhou, so they built a wide range of fertile land and beautiful houses in Nanjing and Yangzhou. They were not worried about dozens of places, and they were the masters of the harsh winter. They suppressed the invasion and robbed the people and the people were resentful to the core."
"The Chronicles of the Ming Dynasty - Yan Song's Use of the Affairs": "Wai Kai, the son of the King of Yongshou Republic, fought with his legitimate grandson Huai, and bribed Song with three thousand platinum."
Zhao Shanzheng's "Bin Tui Lu": "Yan Shifan's family had a gold silk tent and had gold silk tents... and there were also gold-drunk weapons and other objects. The ruling people thought it was unheard of, so they ordered them to be punished with gold."
Yan Song's greed, the slightest and false records of the official history, can be compared with the true and false records.
How much property was Yan Song's family when they were detained? "Records of Shizong - March of the 44th year" month: "There are 32,960 taels of gold, 227,900 taels of silver, 857 pieces of jade cups, more than 200 jade belts, more than 120 pieces of gold sashes, more than 33 pieces of gold sashes, more than 2,730 pieces of gold sashes, more than 2,730 pieces of gold sashes, more than 2,730 pieces of gold sashes, more than 2,730 pieces of gold sashes, five dragon egg pots, and sixty-three pieces of pearl crowns, and other items, more than 6,600 houses in the palace, and more than 57 houses, more than 27,300 acres of fields and ponds...... "
Chen Hongmo's "Journal of the World": "When Yan Song died, the fields of gold, silver, jewelry, calligraphy, painting and artifacts were estimated to be more than 2.359,247 taels of silver. The property of the capital copied by Sun Piyang, the commander of the Zhili Inspector, was not reduced by this number."
Shizong ordered half of the property confiscated from the household and half into the inner treasury, and only 100,000 taels were put into the warehouse at that time. Shizong asked: "After the three months of detention, it has been more than ten months since the prison sentence. The property has not arrived yet and has not yet been seen. It is not because of the property that is not invading the family, the country has not received any collection, and the people have not returned. What is the result?" (Volume 519 of "Shizong's Veritable Records") The chief assistant Xu Jie was at that time. Did Xu Jie deliberately falsely report the evil of Zhang Dayansong and his son? Judging from historical materials, it was even Xu Jie presided over the head.
The edited "The Records of Emperor Shizong" cannot hide its truth. Volume 544 states: "The wealth of Yan was dispersed slightly. According to the order of the minister, he was unable to conquer it. So he listened to Kong (Peng Kong, who was designated as the Yan family's "rebel party" by Xu Jie) and others, so he went to innocent people and harassed him in the province." During the Wanli period, Zhang Juzhengshi was found in the "History of Ming Dynasty - Biography of Zhao Jin" and Zhao Jin, the commander of the Left Dudu, once submitted a memorial to advise Shenzong: "When Fang Shengzu Su, the Grand Secretary Yan Song was specially appointed as the first person to participate in the military affairs of his family.
He could not always rely on the heart of the Holy Ancestor, but devoted himself to his favor and personal interests. His son Shifan was rebellious and profitable. So he clenched his teeth at home and abroad, and the people who spoke were everywhere. However, the Holy Ancestor suddenly realized the guilt and ordered him to capture Shifan. The person who spoke was still angry and disliked, and finally said that Shifan had a conspiracy to rebel. So he followed Shifan's crime and sent him to his family. At that time, the person who followed the investigation and guarded the ministers, fearing that there was no such decree, and did not do the above, and then the matter was not in line with the matters that the emperor should have, and he was implicated in the shadows and captured nearby and took them to his fullest. The Holy Ancestor thought that he was the property he was in.
, but he did not know that half of his strength came from innocent people, among the neighbors." He also said: "I first confiscated Shifan and ordered him to hurry up, but the income was only like this!" Yan's huge wealth was neither invaded the family nor the country had collected nor lost his mind. This only shows that it did not exist at all, and was maliciously exaggerated by political rival Xu Jie! If Yan Song's greed was "just like this", then we must have doubts about the authenticity of the greed of Yan's greed accused by Shen Lian, Yang Jisheng, Zou Yinglong and others.
Yan Song has always been greedy, while Xu Jie has always been greedy. However, Xu Jie, a "integrity official", has more than 400,000 mu of land. Although it is impossible to count how much money Xu Jie has, it made Hai Rui, who was the governor of Yingtian at the time, amazed: "There are so many industries that are shocking." (Volume 13 of "Siyouzhai Congshuo") Hai Rui received many complaints from farmers accusing Xu Jie of seizing the land of Ba, and ordered Xu to "retreat more than half" otherwise the case would not be closed. At that time, Xu Jie retired from home, and was frightened by Hai Rui's reputation and could not return some of the land of the farmers, but secretly bribed him.
During the incident, Dai Fengxiang impeached Hai Rui's "fishing gentry" and dismissed Hai Rui from office, saving his huge land property. "Xian Zhenglu-Biography of the Grand Secretary Yan Gongsong" records that Yan Song was born in a small family, "his father was only a minor official"; the same book "Biography of the Grand Secretary Xu Gongsong" records that Xu Jie's family "has been farmed for generations, but did not serve in office, and was blocked by his father and replenished the county officials." It shows that when the two started, the family business was the same. Yan Song served as the chief assistant for fifteen years, while Xu Jie served only six years, but the land property was 15 times that of the Yan family! Compared with land, isn't it obvious who is greedy and who is honest?
(6) Yan Song is a person
Qian Qianyi's "Collected Poems of the Dynasty - Yan Shaoshisong": "Shaoshi first entered the Ciyuan, and was famous for his talent. He returned to his hometown. He lived in Dongtang, Qianshan. He lived in the Dongtang of Qianshan for seven years. He was also devoted to the closeness and made great friends. Like Yang Yongxiu, he was famous all over the world. He was supported by the public. This shows that Yan Song was quite talented, with elegant and fresh poetry, and easy to understand. Li Mengyang once said: "Now, Ci Zhang literature is the best, Hanlin masters, Yan Weizhong is the best." ("Siyouzhai Congshuo")
Of course, he would be appreciated by Emperor Shizong; "History of Ming Dynasty - Biography of Yan Song" states that Yan's family "has no other talent, but only wants to be charming the superiors, and stealing power and losing profit." It seems that this is also a false statement. In addition, Yan Song also has measures to treat people. "The Book of Sin" records: "Lin Yixin is a deputy to be a member of the rank of the officials, and Song servants are illegal and beat them up. Yixin enters the capital, and Song salutes them very much. He is able to value virtuous officials as such." It is a world of difference between restraining his family and taking into account the righteousness of Xu Jie and his children are rampant in the village.
Yan Song paid great attention to rewarding talents for national use. "Collected Poems of the Dynasties - Biography of Tang Shun": "Such as you learn, you can see everything. When you are big, you can get astronomical music, and when you are small, you can all carefully investigate and question. Then you are aware of the right part, and you will work hard to fight in Huaihai, and you will die for yourself. You can be called a patriot!" The same book "Biography of Yin Geng": "You can use Zishen and Hu Zanzong, and your knowledge is not within the reach of other mediocre ministers." Huang Jingfang, who was a great scholar during the Chongzhen period, said in "The National History of Weiwei": "Xu Huating (Sei) said to Zhang Xianghui (Yue) ) The son said: 'Yan's country was in the 20th year, and the charity was not worth a qian. If not, the only one who earned his life was the Lord.'. He still made the wise man complete his life, and knew that this old man was not completely poisonous! Yan Song was good at poetry and prose, and he was able to suppress his feelings and praise, and those who were pitiful and forgiven." After decades, when Huang Jingfang passed by Yuanzhou, he also heard the local people's favor and nostalgia for Yan, especially the words his political enemies said in private and knew each other. Does Yan Song have a personal charm? This is quite interesting to those who study history.
"Collected Poems of the Dynasties - Biography of Hu Zanzong": "Home stayed for several years, and there was a prison for poetry cases. Wang Lian, the head of the Ministry of Revenue, was beaten by Zanzong in Henan. He wrote a letter to criticize Zanzong's poem "When you hear the great masters' and the great masters are fortunate to Chu" and said that "Mu Tianxiangzhu" was furious. He was sent to prison. Strictly and righteously, Tao Gongcheng saved it, and then he was resolved." In the 29th year of Jiajing, Zhu Guozhen's "The Great Events of the Emperor Ming Dynasty" Volume 32, due to Wang Lian's slander, it was woven into a great destruction, and a hundred implicated it. More than ten people, "At that time, the emperor's intention was unexpected, and the Grand Secretary Yan Song explained it, and the sage was angry and explained it." Such commendable things were actually missing in "History of Ming Dynasty - Biography of Yan Song". Including Yan Song, he had saved Xia Yan, Ding Rukui, etc., it showed that this old man did not take advantage of others' danger and was evil to take advantage of the evil of taking advantage of the situation. It was much nobler than Xu Jie's death to Qiu Luan, Zhang Jing, the "Yan Party" that killed the death to death, Zongxian, and the crime of framed Yan Shifan for the crime of "rebellion".
"The Great Events of the Emperor Ming - Yan Song" contains some family affairs of Yan Song, such as "Song's wife, Ouyang, has a very virtuous family management method, and controls the world, and is especially strict with each other. Song also respects each other as guests, and there is no servant of the other side." Shen Defu's "Wanli Yehuo Chapter - Cabinet - Different from Residence in the Countryside": "Stern part should be a minister, and he is very virtuous in the country, but his wife, Ouyang, is particularly fond of giving, and Yuan still recites it." Yan Song's reputation in his hometown, Zhu Guozhen's "Yongzhuang Sketch" also describes: "The evil part is good, and Tan thinks it is rare in ancient and modern times. He is a native of Jiangyou, and he still thinks about it, and Yuan people are especially good. I went through Yuan's question and got it personally. It can be seen that Yan Song's reputation is very different by the "Emperor's Family Tree"!
(7)
At the beginning of Emperor Shizong, he had many reforms on the accumulated ills and government affairs in the century. Tan Qian gave a high evaluation in "Guoqian" (Volume *): "The temple of Shigong has declined, and the choice of Yan Dide; the eunuchs of the vassal states were removed, the imperial villages of the capital were abolished, the imperial family of foreign relatives was seized, and the rituals were suppressed. "The government affairs were renewed. The greatest achievement was to decisively eliminate the central officials in the custody, as the "Ming History - Biography of Zhang Zhong" said: "(Shizong) all those who were defensively removed the civil servants and the warehouses of the Dianjingtang were no longer established for forty years, so the power of the internal ministers was only the Jiajing Dynasty. "In the tenth year of Jiajing, the "one-whip" law was implemented, and taxes were changed, and the social economy was greatly developed. If the king and minister had the power to reform the tripod in the early years of Jiajing, how could Yan Song, who had been with Shizong for fifteen or even twenty years, not without success?
Chapter completed!