Chapter 133 Birth
The election finally ended in full swing, with 691 seats in the House of Representatives. The Federal Party occupies 299 seats, the Kuomintang occupies 216 seats, and other parties occupies 166 seats. The Federal Party did not obtain a simple majority. There were 110 seats in the Senate, and the Federal Party occupies 73 seats, achieving more than two-thirds of the majority. There was no suspense about the dispute between the head of state. The members of the parliament said one after another that they gathered in Nanjing in mid-May. This was already a scene of prosperity. When the members of the parliament were sworn in, the transitional committee of the Beijing Provisional Senate also announced the end. After several days of intense preparation and deliberation, Song Jiaoren led the formation of the joint responsibility cabinet. Most of the candidates from each department were the same as the news, only the Minister of Water Resources was replaced by Tan Weisan.
The original reservation was Chen Qimei, only the second-level chief. The Minister of Industry confirmed that it was Xie Mingguang, Deputy Chief Duncan, and the Minister of Internal Affairs and Police was vacant, and Chen Zhuo was temporarily replaced as Deputy Chief. The Local Autonomous Coordination Department was still Zhang Taiyan, but the Second-level chief was Shen Enfu, the former Secretary-General of the Federal Party, who did not participate in the election of parliament. The Speaker of the House of Representatives was Mr. Ding Xilin, while the Speaker of the Senate was Lin Sen of the Kuomintang. This was a compromise in many aspects. Everyone was on the surface balanced and restrained each other, and it seemed that everyone was happy. The Drafting Committee of the Constitution also submitted a draft constitution for the second year of the People's Republic of China for review and approval by the Senate and the House of Representatives. After the constitution was passed, it was time to formally elect the head of state. At that time, when Yuchen reached the peak of his domestic career, all of this seemed to have already held him in the highest place.
In Yuchen's mind, is this all the world auspicious? It's far from that time. The country has not been completely calm. The warlords in the southwest, the three governors of the Tongmenghui, and the remote provinces in the northwest are still in a state of separatism, and the central government has not added up. The beacons of civil war in some places have not stopped. Yuchen's army has assisted in defense of Shanxi and entered Sichuan at the same time. In Sichuan Province, the warlords' own power is far more important than Yuchen's strength. When the 10th Division entered western Sichuan in a water and land, although the rushing and rapid advancement at the beginning made the stance of the 10th Division enter western Sichuan.
The warlords in western Sichuan were not in a hurry for a moment, but now there was a firefight. The Chengdu 10th Division actually fought with Deng Xihou and Tian Songyao's troops. After the Chengdu defense force was defeated, the two actually joined forces with Sichuan to write a letter to claim the fifth division commander, accusing Tang Siling and the 10th Division of the official Zuo of reckless destruction and destroying the overall situation of Sichuan Province. They actually wanted to decide on the Sichuan territory and completely ignored Yuchen's plan to take Sichuan into account! In this way, the policy of financial unification and military nationalization will naturally be difficult to implement.
In addition, people's livelihood is declining, national industry is sluggish, how to coordinate the relationship between local autonomy and the central government in the future. How the provincial government organizes it has caused great debate. The overall national finances are extremely poor, but there are too many things to do. And so on. What the strong man in front of him left Yuchen a mess. All of this requires him, a 25-year-old young man, to clean up. The trend of the times and his own unremitting efforts finally made him wait for the day of success. He knows how difficult the future is, but he is full of confidence. The trend of the times and the awakening of the nation are unstoppable. He just needs to follow this trend. Although he will still face it.
Many difficulties can be solved. The most important thing is that he is full of confidence in this ancient nation that has been passed down for three thousand years but still survived tenaciously to this day. In history, this nation missed opportunities at several important moments in the 20th century, making the nation's fortune almost cut off. In this world, this nation cannot miss anything. This is his greatest mission to come to this world. Although the huge temptation of power fascinates him. The feeling of manipulating the fate of others also makes him feel happy, he has forgotten this mission and always kept it in mind. He will lead this new Republic of China to welcome a brand new world. The future is waiting for him.
On May 28, 1913, the new draft constitution was passed. It stipulates that the head of state is president and elected by the Senate. The term of office of a senator is five years, and the term of office of the president is also five years. However, there is no requirement for how many term of office the president will last. The Kuomintang proposed a revision in this regard, believing that the president's term of office should be two. However, Yuchen-sponsored members said that the US president did not limit several terms at the beginning, and the default term of office was not more than two terms, which was formed by the abandonment of the election after Washington's two terms. At this time, stable leadership is needed, and it is better not to stipulate a clear number of terms of office. In the future, the rules of the Republic of China will naturally be formed. After fierce debates, there may be
Some shameful behind-the-scenes transactions. The Kuomintang’s revisions were rejected by a weak majority. The president’s power was to command the country’s army and navy. The major policies of the responsible cabinet needed to be stamped and approved by the president, and had the power to reject the bills formed by the Senate and the House of Representatives. Diplomacy, military and other major policies involving national economy were directly submitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives without the cabinet’s passage. The responsible cabinet was responsible for the president, and the president was responsible for the Senate and the House of Representatives. As an armed force that defends national interests, the Anmen-Mongolian Army can be used directly by the President to safeguard national interests without approval from the House of Representatives. (U.S. Marine Corps Republic of China Edition). The Constitution of the Second Year of the Republic of China officially replaced the provisional constitution and became the Constitution of the Republic of China, and the contents were mostly inherited from the provisional constitution.
On May 30, 1913, the Senate elected Yuchen as the official president of the first official government of the Republic of China with an absolute majority of 89 out of 110 votes. Sun Yat-sen received 18 votes, and Yuchen won with an absolute advantage. The four great men of resurrection formed since the Republic of China, Sun, Huang, Yuan, and Li., who died two, Li Yuanhong disappeared, while Sun Yat-sen rejected Yuchen's invitation to serve as vice president and took office as the National Railway Supervisor. Yuchen was specially established out of thin air and an agency affiliated with the Presidential Office to realize his dream of building a railway to save the country. History has gone through this circle, and finally such a result was formed. June 1, 1913 was the day when Yuchen officially took office.
All countries have devoted their greatest attention to the huge political changes in the Far East. Comments, official reports from diplomats, and even white papers published by the state on changes in the Far East. They are all vaguely aware that at least in the Far East, a new historical pattern is being shaped.
"Mr. Yuan Shikai died on January 27, 1913. He saw with his own eyes the collapse of the Beiyang group he had created. However, he did not see the fundamental demise of this group. For him, it might be a blessing to miss the savage search of senior officials who stepped down from Beiyang in the spring of Beihua. He did not see that the entire Chinese people, at least the vast majority, chose to hand over the fate of the country to a twenty-five-year-old young man. For this old man who had always wanted to establish his authority in the country with a steady and gradual approach and slowly lead this dilapidated Celestial Kingdom into the ranks of modern countries, death may be the best ending of not seeing all of this."
This article was written by Times reporter Mr. Mo Lixun. This fanatical supporter of Yuan Shikai recalled Yuan Shikai in a faint sad tone from the beginning. His article attracted many people to read. His understanding of China's history and current is indeed second to none among Westerners.
"In the ancient Chinese tradition, there is rarely a young man who holds the power of the country. Of course, the descendants of feudal emperors have been exceptions. Although they became young emperors, the ones who specifically manage the country are still steady and elderly people. This is the tradition of this country. But the current situation has finally developed to the time when this country deviates from this tradition. A group of people who are astonishingly young as the top and bottom have taken over all the highest power of this country. Perhaps it is the people of this country.
Tired of the declining status of their country for hundreds of years and the incompetent government, they chose theirs. In short, they won the election in a roughly legal process and gained the power of the central government. The author of this article has no intention of reviewing the process of seizing such power, which is already a legend in itself. The author of this article just wants to analyze what this country will become under the governance of this group of young people, and what impact will it have on the traditional interests of Western powers and the traditional interests of China?
The relationship between the central and local governments of this country is so special that it has never appeared in their history. The central government seems to have finally recognized the reality that local power has gradually expanded since the late Qing Dynasty. It will no longer appoint or dismiss officials to local grassroots institutions - that is, counties! The relationship between the central and local governments seems to be limited to the division of taxation. It is satisfied with sending tax institutions and security institutions in local areas. In the world, can the kingly states finally no longer directly manage local governments? But this is different from the federal system, and the focus is on the fact that the provincial institutions are very awkward. They will never have the status as independent as states in the United States. However, due to the weakening of local control, they no longer have the authority of the chief officials. Is their institution sent by the central government or elected by local elections? According to Yuchen's desire to control power, although he gave up
However, the control of the province is still very strict. If the provincial governments are parachuted on the basis of local autonomy of each county, what can they do? Should they implement the central government's orders or respect the local opinions? Perhaps the contradictions in the future will arise here. Either they develop to a complete federal system or return to the old path, the author cannot see any other proper solutions. But putting aside these, Yuchen reduced the level of administrative units and reduced the administrative start, making the complex local institutions of the Qing Dynasty the only organizational form of counties. This courage is still commendable. In the long run, as long as it runs well, it seems to be a rare good governance. The most important thing is that, according to Jiangbei's experience, the astonishing administrative expenses in the previous governments have been greatly saved, and the central government's tax revenue has also been increased.
From a fiscal perspective, the analysis was originally conducted from any perspective. The fiscal situation of this government was desperate. Especially when Yuchen firmly implemented the complete exemption of agricultural taxes, he should not express optimistic expectations for any fiscal revenue of this government. However, Yuchen used decisive and flexible methods to organize taxes and largely eliminated the situation of filling his personal pockets (God knows how he came up with this method to reduce administrative officials and increase the number of taxes!). The fiscal situation also seemed to have become less unacceptable. The army in this country has not become vicious due to warlords.
With the swelling and administrative expenditures decreased, Yuchen was lucky to succeed, in the foreseeable future. His central government will have more income, perhaps twice as much as in the late Qing Dynasty, and maybe more. It is to see what aspects he will spend on. If it were the author, he would rather use stable fiscal revenue as the support for currency reform. This will be more conducive to the central government's economic management. However, the author will always maliciously speculate that he will spend this large amount of money on his already powerful army in the Far East. He started with the army and must use a large amount of resources on the army, otherwise his ruling foundation will be shaken. This is a path that any warlord cannot escape.
Well, we finally talk about how the traditional interests of civilized countries in China will be affected. There is also the foreign policy of the New Republic of China. We can count how many countries did Yuchen offend during the rise? He and Britain faced the Yangtze River, he had attacked the regime supported by Russia in Mongolia, and he even had great conflicts with the Japanese army in the Northeast! If the great powers had not had their own ideas or even restrained each other, just a joint action of the great powers could have nipped his rule in the cradle! Yuchen seemed extremely lucky in this matter! I don’t know if he really understood the international situation or just based on his intuition. If it were the former, he was terrible. If it were the latter, he was even terrible. Now the only country that showed great goodwill to him may be the United States...... Legend has it that they signed it
After Yuchen took power, what would he do? The author believes that this sometimes weird and fanatical young man will choose to recover tariffs, reject the repayment of foreign debts after money, and even take some stupid provocative actions in the concessions or certain territories leased by various countries. After all, he won the hearts of the people through this and wanted to continue to stabilize his rule by relying on this. If he really does this, it would be a disaster for him! The author can even confirm that many people are still expecting him to do so! In short, what is certain is that the author does not express an optimistic attitude towards his ability to adopt a wise foreign policy. In this regard, Western powers can no longer take their own policies, and must take unified actions to show our voices and reflect our will! Putting a bridle on this young foal is a good thing for both sides!
In short, this government was barely established. Under Yuchen's military pressure, everyone sat together, but there are still many problems. They may change the political landscape of East Asia and pose some kind of challenges to the interests of countries in East Asia. But as long as we act decisively, we can still make them within our acceptance scope. What we should do most now is to reach an agreement on whether countries recognize this new regime and let them make some commitment to us first...
Yuchen put down the translation of the article in his hand and just smiled faintly. The West's understanding and prejudice about this country has been deeply rooted. In China, I am afraid that many people think so too. What he wants to do is to surprise them. He has a long way to go, so why bother with them? Let everything be spoken of in the future.
His image today is particularly solemn. It is still the traditional yellow military uniform of the Jiangbei Army, and the style is neatly buckled. However, it is rare to hang the general's collar and epaulette. The badge of the Qing Army Association is straight on the left chest. There are no tassels or straps. Only the neat and majesty of the image of a soldier. He picked up the military cap on the table and carried it solemnly on his head. Turning around and looking at the door, there is only Li Yuan wearing a elegant little dress, looking at him in a daze. No matter what kind of person he will become in the future, in the heart of this simple little girl, I only remember that she saw his image at the front line that winter, and at that time his body seemed to be inlaid with a layer of gold edges. Until now, he still carries all the love and longing of a girl.
Wang Dengke also walked over in a full military dress. The deputy chief blushed today with excitement. He whispered to Yuchen: "Commander... Time is up." Then he smiled: "It's time to call you president later." Yuchen smiled, walked over and gently took Li Yuan's hand, and walked out the door with big strides. Today, June 1, 1913 AD, was the day when he took office as president. This year and a half dazzling experience finally created this myth.
Outside the door, two teams of guard soldiers in military dresses were lined up to welcome him. Feng Yuxiang stood at the ranks, his figure looked taller. When Yuchen came out, the military band played music. The guards saluted with guns. Feng Yuxiang even gave a forceful gesture of bowing his sword to welcome Yuchen's arrival. Yuchen smiled and looked at his soldiers, slowly walking towards the car waiting for him. Amid the passionate military music, his thoughts were full of endlessly stopped. If all this was a dream, don't let him wake up. When he came to this world, all his efforts have become worth it now. If this world needs him to handle things calmly, but today, let his thoughts rush around for a day without restraint.
The new world just came to him, and the trend of the times was vast, but he was the one who stood at the forefront. The feeling of finally taking destiny in his own hands is really indescribable in words. Thinking of the possibility of infinite development in the future, thinking of the role he could play in it when the national fortune was ups and downs. He felt that his heart seemed to be filled with a vigorous desire. The future was in my palm.
When the car drove all the way to the building that once served as the Governor's Office, the Heavenly King's Mansion, and the temporary Presidential Palace, there were cheering people along the way. After more than a year of chaos, people were really eager for a new formal government to be established. Yuchen now held all their hopes. His youth, his reputation, his prestige, his army, and his achievements in Jiangbei have created his current status. His group had faith in him, and these people also had expectations for him. Yuchen was still drowsy and half-awake in the cheers in the middle of the road. Sometimes there were gunshots and cannons in his ears, and the firelight fired by the rifle in his hand when he was raised in Shanghai. In this world, he only fired his own guns with his own hands. Only the fragrance of the girls around him can remind him that he was in this world, on the way to take office as president.
The presidential palace had already gathered, and representatives of parliamentarians, government officials, military representatives, civilian groups, and guests were already gathering together. When Yuchen's figure appeared at the door of the auditorium, everyone calmed down. Suddenly someone applauded gently, followed by the applause from others. Finally, the applause mixed into a circle, becoming louder and louder. At the end, there was a tide of sound. Yuchen was flashing in the spotlight, and in the eyes of people with various emotions, he held Li Yuan and walked forward with a smile. On the rostrum, Mr. Lin Sen, the Speaker of the Senate, was still a strong middle-aged man at that time, and was waiting for him with the same smile.
He finally walked onto the rostrum, and Li Yuan was in the crowd below the audience, looking at him with tears in his face. Lin Sen shouted: "Today is the day when Mr. Yuchen takes office as the first official president of the Republic of China! Brothers are really honored as oath supervisors! At this solemn moment, we welcome Mr. Yuchen to take the oath in!"
Yuchen walked to the stage steadily, glanced at the speaker in front of him, and solemnly raised his right hand. On this occasion, he was too young. The fate of the Republic of China was pressed on his shoulders.
"I swear to take office as president of the Republic of China with sincerity. From then on, I will devote all my energy to the people of the Republic of China. Abide by the Constitution and safeguard the interests of the country and nation. If there is any violation, I will be willing to be the highest punishment of the people." The oath was brief, and then Lin Sen walked over with a smile and handed the formal inauguration of the Senate to Yuchen. He held it over with both hands and put it on his chest. All this was already considered a courtesy. I don't know who started, and the cheers suddenly echoed throughout the auditorium, as if I wanted to lift the roof open.
Similarly, the eighteen cannons listed on the lawn of the Presidential Palace also began to fire twenty-one sounds, and the sound of spring thunder-like cannons roared over Nanjing City, representing the arrival of a new era. At this moment, people from Jiangbei who came from Jiangbei forgot that there were so many difficulties and risks in the future, and hugged each other cheered and hugged each other. The officers watching the ceremony threw their military caps into the sky. The garrisons around Nanjing were led by young officers to cheer. The Jiangbei group reached the peak of success at this moment.
With the rumbling sound of cannons, Yuchen walked to the front of the speaker again, waiting for people to calm down slowly. He frowned, as if he was thinking about something, as if he was thinking about the ups and downs of the nation over the past few hundred years, and the infinite possibilities of the future.
"When Shanghai was liberation, I delivered a speech to celebrate the success of liberation in Zhangyuan. I am willing to be on the altar of national rejuvenation and give everything to our country's rebirth. The ancestors of China seemed to have accepted my sacrifice. The people believed my promise. Finally, today, I have brought me to this position. I know that I have no room for regression. I can only devote all my hard work and sweat and even life to the rebirth of the Chinese nation. The trend of the great era has not ended, but has just begun. I hope that everyone can unite around me in the name of the country and nation and our ancient civilization, and give everything to this battle of survival and death......
Our nation, more than a thousand years ago, was facing a cessation during the Five Barbarians' Invasion of China. A battle of purgatory water saved our civilization. Finally, the most brilliant fireworks bloomed in the Tang Dynasty. So many ancient nations in history were extinct. So many ancient civilizations cut off their incense. But our nation, this civilization, has been successfully revived! Since the Tang Dynasty, with the invasion of Mongolia, followed by the invasion of Manchus, coupled with the forced oppression of modern Western powers, our civilization fell to the lowest point again, and its fortunes were declining, and it was endless. Can we welcome this third revival? I believe we can! This requires everyone's joint efforts! History will not give us too many opportunities. What kind of efforts and sacrifices can we do? It depends on everyone here today!
The heaven is above!”
Chapter completed!