Yang Jingyu (1905-1940), formerly known as Ma Shangde, also known as Shunqing, and his courtesy name was Jisheng. When he was doing underground work, he had the pseudonym Zhang Guanyi and Nai Chao. When he visited South Manchuria in 1932, he changed his name to Yang Jingyu according to the organization's decision. On February 16, 1905, Yang Jingyu was born in a hardworking and simple peasant family in Liwan Village, Queshan County, Henan Province. He joined the Communist Youth League in the autumn of 1926, joined the Communist Party of China in May 1927, led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and Queshan Peasant Riot in Liudian and other places, and engaged in underground work in Kaifeng, Luoyang and other places. In the autumn of 1929, he went to the northeast and served as the secretary of the special branch of the Communist Party of China Fushun and led the worker.

Movement. In early 1933, he served as the political commissar of the South Manchurian guerrillas. In September of the same year, he established the Independent Division of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, served as the division commander and political commissar, and was elected as a member of the South Manchurian Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. In July 1936, he was elected as a member of the South Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, served as the commander and political commissar of the First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and was the founder and leader of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. In December 1937, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee identified him as a member of the Preparatory Committee of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. On February 23, 1940, he was surrounded alone by the Japanese army and died heroically in the fierce battle with the Japanese army.

1. Go to the Northeast Anti-Japanese War

In the spring of 1928, Yang Jingyu took his gunshot wounds that had not yet been cured and went to Queshan, Xinyang, Kaifeng, Luoyang and other places to work in the party. During this period, he was arrested three times. After escaped from danger, the party organization transferred him to Shanghai to study for his safety. Yang Jingyu got married at the age of 17, with an old mother and two young children. His wife Guo Lian, alone, dragged her children with her daughter, planted several acres of thin land, and lived a very difficult life. She often relied on borrowing to live. Yang Jingyu was busy all year round for the revolution and could not take care of her family. In April 1928, shortly after he left home, the Kuomintang reactionaries confiscated his home. The torture of poverty and illness and the persecution of the enemy caused Yang Jingyu's old mother and wife to leave the world one after another.

In the spring of 1929, Yang Jingyu was ordered to go to the Northeast Anti-Japanese War and serve as the secretary of the Fushun Special Branch of the Communist Party of China. He launched a heroic struggle against the Japanese emperor at Fushun Coal Mine. He changed his name to Zhang Guanyi, went deep into the coal mine to promote it, and actively organized trade unions. He regarded the miners as his elder brothers, worked with them, and lived with them. Among the miners, most of them were from Shandong, so he reported that his hometown was Shandong. The miners affectionately called Yang Jingyu "Shandong Zhang" and regarded him as his most caring brother. Once, an old miner came to look for "Shandong with tears in his eyes.

Zhang, complained about his unreasonable cuts and asked him for help. Yang Jingyu comforted the kind old man with great sympathy, and discussed with everyone: "Will we be willing to let them urinate and shit on our heads when the Japanese devils bully us like this? Without our sweat, the coal dug out with our lives, the Japanese devils' trains and ships, we can't move! If we don't dig coal, the devils can't live!' A word made the miners' hearts clear: "Yes! Let's unite and don't work, give the devils some color!"

Under the leadership of Yang Jingyu, the strike began. Countless workers gathered in front of the foreign buildings of the Mining Bureau and shouted slogans, firmly demanding that the laid-off workers be retrieved, that workers are not allowed to be bullied, and that wages be increased. The united fighting force forced the Mining Bureau to accept the conditions of the workers obediently. However, Yang Jingyu's outstanding battle also attracted the attention of the Japanese emperor's hawks and dogs, and the enemy reconnaissance and searched everywhere. Due to the traitor's informing, Yang Jingyu was unfortunately arrested. Japanese spies used all kinds of torture on him, and they also called the traitor.

Confronting the confrontation. But Yang Jingyu was steadfast and unyielding and did not reveal any secrets of the party. The Japanese only could transfer Yang Jingyu, who was covered in bruises, to the Chinese court. In the law, Yang Jingyu angrily denounced: "The Chinese government cannot protect the lives and safety of the Chinese people. Instead, it loses its power and humiliates the country, and is accomplice of the enemy, and lets the enemy run rampant. You are ashamed to be a Chinese..." The judge faced Yang Jingyu's righteous words, speechless, and sentenced Yang Jingyu to one and a half years in prison for "undermining international friendship."

The revolutionaries were everywhere in battlefields. After leaving the hot mining area, Yang Jingyu was imprisoned in the dark and gloomy cell. He began another fighting life: he united his fellow refugees and promoted the principles of revolution to the guards. In the end, even the guards became sympathetic to the revolution. In the summer of 1931, Yang Jingyu was released from prison. Representatives of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China conveyed the party's instructions to him and prepared to send him to work in Harbin. Yang Jingyu, who was eager for a combat life, was excited and prepared to go north and open up a new battlefield. Unexpectedly, because the Chenyang Mutual Scholars were destroyed by the enemy, Yang Jingyu's whereabouts were exposed. On the third day of his release from prison, he was arrested and imprisoned again. It was not until the September 18th Incident that the party organization used 2,000 yuan to bribe the Japanese judges, and rescued Yang Jingyu and Chen Tanqiu and others from prison.

Yang Jingyu, who had been tortured and weak, ignored his health and immediately went to Harbin when he was released from prison, found the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and asked for work. He served as the Secretary of the Harbin Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Secretary of the Harbin Municipal Committee, and later acting as the Secretary of the Military Commission of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. During this period, he actively carried out party work, developed party members, rectified and developed guerrilla armed forces, and carried out a large number of anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda among the masses.

Yang Jingyu's outstanding work was praised by comrades and superior party organizations. In order to strengthen the leadership of the anti-Japanese armed struggle in the South Manchuria area, the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to let Yang Jingyu stay in the South Manchuria guerrilla area and carry out organizational leadership of the guerrillas. So he ended more than four years of work in the white area and embarked on the battlefield of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war. When he reviewed this unusual life, he said: Over the past four years, he has been arrested five times, learned about society, became familiar with the enemy's prisons, and went to two universities, one is the "social university" and the other is the "prison university". The harsh struggle made Yang Jingyu more politically mature and stronger.

Shouldering the arduous mission of forming anti-Japanese guerrilla armed forces, Yang Jingyu left Harbin and came to Panshi County near the Ji (Jilin) ​​Hai (Hailong) railway line of the South Manchurian Anti-Japanese Center. He found guerrillas in the deep mountains and forests of the Honey Top of Huadian. These guerrillas, after several "encirclement and suppression", were repeatedly attacked by landlords, and were constantly frustrated. The soldiers were worried and the leaders were anxious. What should I do? How to fight the guerrilla war? It is in this future. When we were confused and we were trapped in the critical moment, Yang Jingyu appeared in front of them, brought instructions from the provincial party committee and the concern of the party. At a party group meeting held late at night, Yang Jingyu pointed to an oil lamp and said affectionately: "This lamp cannot be lit without oil. Our guerrillas have no bases, just like there is no home. After playing for so many years, there is no base, why do we have to make wicks without lamp oil? "Yang Jingyu's words are lit up Everyone's heart is, without base and without the support of the people, it is like a wick without oil, and it will not shine no matter how hard it is! So under the leadership of Yang Jingyu, everyone rebuilt the Panshi Guerrilla Zone. The party organizations, trade unions, and anti-Japanese associations are like mushrooms after a rain, and they are quickly established. Workers along the railway, farmers in Panshi, Hailong, nearby students and teachers participated in the guerrilla team. Yang Jingyu also sent many party members to When the puppet army was working, the middle and lower-level officers and soldiers of the puppet army also increasingly sympathized with the anti-Japanese struggle. Some secretly supported them, while others defected to the anti-Japanese army. The former battalion commander of the puppet army led his troops to revolt and joined the South Manchurian guerrillas to capture Panshi County in one fell swoop, annihilated the Japanese garrison, and interrupted the transportation of the Shenji Railway Line. The former puppet Manchurian mortar company mutinized and joined the South Manchurian guerrillas. The South Manchurian guerrillas rose greatly and became famous, and the Japanese invaders were frightened.

Yang Jingyu lived up to the Party’s trust and opened up the situation of guerrilla work in Panshi area and was deeply loved by the cadres and soldiers of Panshi guerrillas. On the 2nd anniversary of the September 18th anniversary of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the instructions of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, he took the guerrillas as the backbone and joined forces with other anti-Japanese armed forces to establish the Independent Division of the First Army of the Northeast People’s Revolutionary Army. Yang Jingyu was appointed as the division commander (also known as the commander) and political commissar. There were more than 300 people in the division. A year later, on November 7, 1934, the First Army of the Northeast People’s Revolutionary Army was officially established, and Yang Jingyu was appointed as the army commander and political commissar.

Yang Jingyu analyzed the situation at that time and decided to lead his troops to move south, cross the Huifa River, organize a large number of scattered guerrilla forces south of the Huifa River, and at the same time, he severely attacked the Japanese and puppet enemies and further strengthened the guerrillas. At that time, there were tens of thousands of anti-Japanese guerrilla forces south of the Huifa River. Most of them rose up and did not have the leadership of the Party, so they often failed and were on the verge of collapse. Yang Jingyu wrote a letter to the scattered anti-Japanese leaders, mobilizing them to jointly fight against Japan, and put forward the idea of ​​"the wolves are in the beginning, external troubles are the priority, and they must unite to deal with Japan", which was deeply supported by the anti-Japanese army. There was a woodworker in Changbai Mountain.

The guerrillas led by Lin witnessed the exemplary discipline of Yang Jingyu's independent division and the heroic killing of the enemy. He heard Yang Jingyu's joint anti-Japanese war and deeply realized that only the Communist Party was truly the one who resisted Japan and saved the country. He asked Commander Yang to send a political commissar to their troops and was willing to accept the unified command of the Communist Party. Since then, Tian Lin also joined the party and served as the head of the Fifth Regiment of the Anti-Japanese United Army. Later, he died in an anti-"encirclement and suppression" battle. Yang Jingyu united more than 20 anti-Japanese armed forces and established the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces Command in April 1934. He was publicly elected as the commander-in-chief. Due to Yang Jingyu's efforts, a good situation of uniting against Japan in South Manchuria gradually formed.

In August 1935, according to the spirit of the "August 1 Declaration" of the Communist Party of China, the anti-Japanese forces in the Northeast were combined into the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. The First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army was reorganized into the First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and Yang Jingyu served as the commander and political commissar. Soon, Yang Jingyu and Wei Zhengmin, Secretary of the South Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, held a meeting of representatives of the South Manchurian Provincial Committee and the "Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" and the Second Army, and combined the "Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" and the Second Army into the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. Yang Jingyu served as the commander-in-chief and political commissar, and the basic team of the entire army was more than 6,000. This strong iron flowed to fight against Liao and Ji provinces, and achieved great results.

.The Japanese and puppet army was frightened when they heard the three words "Yang Jingyu". However, in the hearts of the masses, these three words became the banner of anti-Japanese war. The fellow villagers called Yang Jingyu "our Commander Yang" and called the "Anti-Japanese United Army" the "Anti-Japanese United Army's All-Road Army" "Commander Yang's team". The first Route Army led by Yang Jingyu, after dozens of battles, wiped out more than 20,000 enemies, effectively restrained the enemy and cooperated with the national war of resistance. Just as Yang Jingyu wrote in the "First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army" written by Yang Jingyu: "The sound of ping-pong killing the enemy and disarming is the ironclad evidence of the victory of the revolution..."

The victory of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces inspired the people, and the people enthusiastically supported the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. Wherever the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces went, the people there would send food and grass, and report to the news to lead the way. Some old peasants called the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces "the magical weapon led by Commander Yang", and some said it was "the magical weapon sent by God to save the people." Whenever the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces were dispatched, some people would burn incense and kowtow, praying to the Bodhisattva to bless Commander Yang to win the battle. Every time Yang Jingyu went, he would hold a mass meeting to publicize the principles of anti-Japanese, ask about the sufferings of the people, and be as close as a family to the masses.

In the second half of 1938, the national war of resistance entered an extremely arduous stalemate. The Japanese invading army was worried that its rule in the Northeast would be shaken, and gritted their teeth and decided to eliminate the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, a key concern. Therefore, they mobilized more than 400,000 troops from Japan and North Korea to surround the Northeast "Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" and carried out a "combed forest"-style "sweeping". At the same time, they implemented the vicious means of "returning to the garrison and households" and "Baojia" to strictly control the people's food, clothing, housing and transportation. They were not allowed to be transported outside, and they tried to cut off the ties between the masses and the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces in order to be trapped and starved to death. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War is facing the most severe situation.

In order to preserve the vitality, Yang Jingyu led the army to move to the eastern Changbai Mountain jungle. Japanese commander Nomo personally searched by plane. The Japanese invaders dispatched four or five planes to hover and reconnaissance every day, and fired at low altitudes. Yang Jingyu and his comrades fought in the snow and ice.

In the jungle of the ground, there was no food or accommodation, and there was hunger or cold, but they sang optimistically: "The sky is big, the big kang, the fire is life, the forest is the hometown, and the bark of the wild vegetables is the food..." They showed a high spirit of revolutionary optimism.

In January 1941, after Yang Jingyu led more than 300 people to capture Longquan Town, he organized all front troops to disperse activities to the designated location as soon as possible. However, due to the traitor's informing, their route of activity was exposed. The Japanese invaders quickly mobilized their troops and pursued them wildly all over the mountains and fields. Yang Jingyu adapted to the situation and immediately ordered the direct troops to disperse activities to confuse the enemy. He led his troops to leave the forest area in the western part of the Bengjiang River to prepare to meet with the Second Front Army.

One day in February, the weather was extremely cold and the temperature dropped to more than 40 degrees below zero. After several fierce encounters, Yang Jingyu was left with only more than 60 people. But another platoon leader rebeled and surrendered to the enemy. The enemy had reliable information, and the encirclement was getting smaller and smaller, and the situation was extremely harsh and sinister. Yang Jingyu decided to break the troops into pieces, and he only brought a few soldiers to deal with the enemy in the vast forest.

Yang Jingyu told everyone: "The situation is very dangerous now, so we'd better go separately."

"No, Commander, we live, live together; die, die together. Fight with the dog god!" The soldiers were unwilling to leave Yang Jingyu.

"Just decide like this! Live one more person, and you will have more revolutionary force. What are the benefits of dying together?" Yang Jingyu said to everyone firmly.

So, according to Yang Jingyu's arrangement, Huang Shengfa took three injured soldiers back to find connections to recuperate, and he led two guards forward to contact the troops. Everyone knew that in the environment at that time, it was safer to go back because the enemy had gone forward and found a gap to break out. But moving forward, the danger was great. At this critical moment of life and death, Yang Jingyu once again left the life path to the soldiers. Before leaving, Yang Jingyu and Huang Shengfa shook hands and said goodbye one by one, and said to everyone in an extremely deep and firm tone: "For the sake of revolution, we must persevere to the end. Even if we die, we cannot surrender to the enemy. Revolution, no matter how difficult it is, we will always win!"

Shortly after breaking up with the soldiers, on February 15, Yang Jingyu led two guards to the valley northwest of Wujindianzi, Mengjiang County, and was chased by 600 Japanese "suppression team". He calmly commanded the two soldiers to fight and retreat, retreat to a favorable terrain, launched a sudden attack on the enemy, and took advantage of the enemy's chaos to get rid of the enemy's pursuit again and move to the dense forest to turn into a large circle. During this battle, Yang Jingyu was injured in his left arm, and the enemy came after blood.

On February 18, Yang Jingyu and others moved to the Qijinzi area on the south side of Chao (Yang) Fu (Song) Highway. Two guards around him died when they went to the nearby village to buy food. In the end, he was the only one left. The enemy found a seal from Yang Jingyu from the sacrificed Anti-Japanese Allied Forces soldiers, and was ecstatic. He determined Yang Jingyu's position by this. He tightened the encirclement, blocked traffic, and even tightened his pursuit. At this time, Yang Jingyu realized that the two guards were in danger, so he had to move and hide in the mountains alone. He could not get any supplies from the outside world, and he was not warm in the clothes or food.

On the afternoon of February 23, Yang Jingyu's whereabouts were reported by an enemy detective disguised as a peasant. The enemy determined from the physical characteristics described in the report that this person was the Yang Jingyu they were looking for! He had experienced Yang Jingyu's powerful enemy countless times. Although he knew that Yang Jingyu was alone, he was still afraid. At around 3 pm that day, more than 100 Japanese and puppet military and police officers rushed to Sandaoweizi where Yang Jingyu was.

The enemy flocked to the footprints left by Yang Jingyu in the snow. Yang Jingyu found that the enemy was quietly surrounding him. He fought and retreated, and his expression was still as firm and calm as usual. At this time, he had not eaten anything for several days, but he just used grass roots and tree bark to fill his hunger with snow, and his body was extremely weak. When the enemy was only about 50 meters away from Yang Jingyu, the enemy shouted wildly: "It's useless to resist, surrender!" The traitor also yelled: "Put down your weapons, keep your life, and be rich.

"The enemy Yang Jingyu leaned calmly under a big tree and resisted tenaciously with two guns. The Japanese and puppet troops pressed step by step, shouting again and again, asking him to surrender, but the answers they received were only angry bullets. The enemy officer saw that it was impossible to capture alive, so he ordered a machine gun to fire. The evil bullets hit the hero, and Yang Jingyu fell in a pool of blood, and the bright red blood stained the snow around him. The enemy found on him that except for only three pistols, there were only some bullets left that could be shot at the enemy before they could be shot!

One day in February 1940, a special operation was underway in the operating room of a hospital in Bengjiang County, Jilin Province under the strict warning of the Japanese invaders. On the operating table was a body covered in gunshot wounds. At this time, a senior Japanese invader officer with murderous face shouted at the Chinese doctor at the top of his lungs: "Disses it immediately! I want to see what was in his belly!"

The abdomen of the deceased was opened, and the results of the anatomy showed that there was no grain in his stomach, only some bark, grass roots and cotton wool that had not been digested. It seemed that this man had not eaten for several days before his death. The person watching on the side asked him secretly who he was, and a wounded puppet military replied in a trembling voice: 'He is the person the Japanese offer a reward of 100,000 yuan to capture alive--- Yang Jingyu, commander-in-chief of the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces."

It is said that this Japanese officer who witnessed the dissection of Yang Jingyu's body saw from Yang Jingyu that it was impossible to conquer the Chinese nation, and thus became suspicious and shaken of the so-called "holy war" he was engaged in. Finally, he collapsed and killed his wife and daughter with poison, and then committed suicide by himself.
Chapter completed!