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Wang Anshi's reform and Sima Guang opposed it. The focus of the debate between the reformists and the conservatives is "rich country" or "rich people". In terms of specific strategies, it is "suppressing mergers" or "not suppressing mergers."

The core of Wang Anshi's reform is to "repress mergers and mergers".

There have always been two reasons for those who "suppress mergers". One is moral, that is, reducing wealth and benefiting poverty is for equality of the people; the other is financial, that is, "profitting one hole" is for enriching the national football team, and the actual motivation is mostly from financial reasons, that is, enriching the treasury through economic monopoly.

All large-scale anti-mergers movements in history were launched against the backdrop of the dynasty's fiscal crisis, and the direct result of the "repression of mergers" was the extreme expansion of the "absorption ability" of the national finance, especially the central finance, thus forming the so-called "national wealth and people are poor".

From Shang Yang, Sang Hongyang, Wang Mang to Wang Anshi, they all expanded the treasury under the banner of egalitarianism.

But the poor people were not grateful for such "right poverty suppression" and they all went to the rich people to resist the government. For example, Wang Xiaobo, Li Shun, and Song Jiang were all rich people, and they were all the rebellions of the owners of the country, so the collapse of most dynasties was caused by the excessive strengthening of the imperial court's "absorbing ability" and making the people unbearable.

The real reason for Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun's rebellion was the dispute over interests between the country and the people. In a sense, it was also a major change against unified purchase and sales. At that time, the imperial court set up a "Bobuying business" in Sichuan and implemented a policy of buying and selling, that is, tea silk and silk were purchased uniformly by the government, and the government forced to buy at a low price, and it was impossible not to sell it to the government. In this way, tea silk and silk merchants could not make money, and the prices sold by farmers were also very low. Sichuan tea merchants had a lot of tea farmers, and their interests were the greatest loss, which aroused Sichuan tea farmers unanimously resisting. Li Shun was a famous tea dealer in Qingcheng, Sichuan.

The reason for Song Jiang's rebellion was the same. The court added the Xicheng Field Scraping Site. The Xicheng Field Scraping Site was a new land policy developed by the current emperor and Cai Jing and others. Generally, the people were allowed to have only a lot of land, and the rest of the land was all returned to the public. Then many people were sent to the field, and these excess land, mountains, forests, and lakes were all nationalized.

This policy also sounds good. But there are too many corrupt officials. If you run to a place and don’t bribe him, then even if you don’t bribe him, then you will say that you are a big landlord, so the land reform has been expanded. Many middle-aged peasants, even lower-middle peasants, take away your land because there are too few bribes or no bribes. Of course, if you are a big landlord and have money to bribe, he will not confiscate your land.

Song Jiang was a landlord on Liangshanbo. Because Liangshanbo was "publicly owned", everyone could not live a life and had no way to survive, so they rebelled. The reason was that the country plundered the people and seized profits from the people.

Similar to Bomaiwu, there are many national plundering agencies in Xicheng. For example, the Construction Bureau, the Construction Bureau of Suhang Yingfeng Bureau, the Construction Bureau of Suhang Yingfeng Bureau, etc. They are located in the south. They are built for the construction of the Flower and Stone Sect.

Sima Guang’s moral reason for “not suppressing mergers” is the so-called “officials do not compete with the people for profit.” However, it is a mystery to implement it truly.

"Official" and "civilian" are a pair of opposing categories. They have dual meanings. "civilian" can mean that it is private or "subject" opposite to the country or the court. Sima Guang's so-called "the wealth and goods produced by heaven and earth... are not in the people. It is in the officials" means this meaning. In addition, "civilian" can also mean that it is relatively opposite to the powerful and powerful civilians, "common people" and "under the people".

Obviously, Sima Guang's so-called "in-official" actually refers to the government or "public family". In addition, all private property in other places, from ordinary people to powerful ministers, noble relatives and powerful generals, are considered "in-official" land. In other words, the state does not compete with private people for profit.

Why did he oppose "repression of annexation"? In fact, he was afraid that the powerful and the people would be "repressed" together. And opposing "officials and the people to compete for profit" was actually afraid that the state would hinder the interests of the powerful and the people. Therefore, they often openly demand private privileges that are above "universal and the people". That is to say, they advocate "not suppressing annexation". To put it bluntly, they demanded that the country let the powerful and the people seize private wealth.

If we say that "suppressing annexation" leads to the local dialect "the country is rich and the people are poor". The result of "not suppressing annexation" is usually that "the country and the people are poor, and the officials are rich only."

Who calls him an official? Powerful ministers, noble relatives, recent blessings, powerful generals... When the officials become rich, "the higher authorities will be exhausted, and the lower authorities will be poor." The extreme consequence is that the dynasty collapses, which is a chaos in the world. For example, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, heroes compete for the victory, which is a typical example.

The same is true today.

"Don't suppress annexation" led to the vicious expansion of the powerful private forces, and "Don't suppress annexation" led to the vicious expansion of the court's "absorbing ability". Therefore, the court took turns to take medicine and fell into the vicious circle of "one management will die, one release will be chaos" in the alternating cycle of "suppression of annexation" and "not suppression of annexation", until the crisis is getting worse and it is on the verge of collapse.

Looking at the history of this dynasty, you will know how fierce the officials and the people fought for wealth.

Since Xining, the "New Party" led by Wang Anshi and the "Old Party" led by Sima Guang have changed positions several times, sometimes "reform", sometimes "reform", sometimes "change", sometimes "show down", sometimes "jianzhong", sometimes "respecting the law of Xining", and sometimes "respecting the law of Xining". It is a great pleasure to come and go. However, the crisis of the Song Dynasty has not improved at all, but on the contrary, it has become more and more serious.

Since Cai Jing took office, the old party faction was suppressed due to the "Yuan Party Case" and has not turned around until now. The "New Party" has gained power for more than ten years and has implemented a system of "suppressing annexation". Some people say that "the new law is deteriorated", saying that the descendants of the Wang family are like Cai Jing distorted the original meaning of reform. In fact, from Wang Anshi's idea of ​​"manager is good at handling the stewards" and "take and give are all self-interested" to the later Xicheng scattered fields, Suzhou and Hangzhou should follow the bureau-style "drawing" policy, the original intention is the same, all for plundering people's wealth to fill the national treasury, so how can the theory of "deterioration"?

However, the new round of reforms led by Cai Jing also failed to resolve the crisis in the Song Dynasty, but instead made the crisis worse. OK, is it possible to try "suppress" and "not suppress" alternately?

To put it bluntly, "suppression" and "not suppression" are economic issues on the surface, but in essence they are national political issues. From a deeper perspective, they are a dispute between Confucianism.

Since the Han Dynasty, "respecting Confucianism alone" has always been the same as "Han inherits the Qin system". Confucianism has become a mixture of various schools, while pure Confucianism and pure law have disappeared.

Although Wang Anshi learned from Shangjun and Shen Han, he respected Confucius and Mencius more. He was actually a Confucian Confucian with the Legalism color. Sima Guang's laissez-faire not so much from Confucius and Mencius, but more from the "clear, quiet, inaction, and let nature" Huang Lao Taoist tradition. He can be said to be a Confucian Confucian with the Taoist color. The so-called Confucian struggle has evolved into the dispute between "Legalism and Confucian" and "Tao Confucian" within Confucianism since the Han Dynasty.

The Legal Confucian advocates "repression of annexation". It is to strengthen the economic monopoly of the court and resolutely stop the so-called "bitters" from developing a strong private economy. The Taoist Confucian advocates "not suppressing annexation" and to do the opposite of the way.

The two claims are attributed to economic policies. It is that the Legal and Confucianism insists on "controlling the economy", while the Tao and Confucianism insist on "letting the economy", that is, free economy. Let's say that, what is the reason for Wang Anshi's reform? Before Wang Anshi's reform, the Song Dynasty implemented the land of "letting the economy", but this led to corruption in the administration, "three redundant and two accumulations", and then the national strength was weak. After the emperor took power, Cai Jing was the prime minister. After implementing the new policy, the "controlling economy" should be able to enrich the treasury, so why is the crisis getting worse and worse?

The reason is reform, which leads to political and party struggles. Since Wang Anshi's reform failed, the old and new parties have fought each other. Over the past few decades, the treasury of the Song Dynasty has not only not been full, but the accumulated problems such as "three redundant" have developed to the extreme. Even if Cai Jing has the ability to be in line with the world, he is unable to turn things around.

Why are there many officials? First, there are more and more scholars in the imperial examination. The imperial examination is the only way for literati to settle down. Do you dare to change it? Second, according to the "Grave and Congratulations" law, there are a large number of people who are grateful to officials, including descendants, relatives, in-laws and even guests of royal family members and major bureaucrats. Do you dare to change this?

In the early years of this dynasty, there were only a few thousand officials inside and outside the court. When the Zhenzong Dynasty was in the dynasty, there were about ten thousand officials. When the Renzong Dynasty, it increased to 17,000. Until now, you can estimate how many officials there were in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there were also a lot of people waiting for officials and lacking land outside the official, and these people also lived with their salaries. In addition, there were tens of thousands of royal officials who received the salary, and there were countless officials who did not receive the salary and made a living by embezzlement and bribery.

The dynasty was highly treated by the intermediate officials, with salary, land, temple and gifts. The salary was divided into regular salary, additional funds, office money, millet, clothing and gifts, and even food for the followers, as well as wine, tea, kitchen materials, firewood, charcoal, and feeding. The prime minister, the Privy Councilor, had a monthly salary of 300 guan, a monthly salary of 100 guan, a monthly salary of 100 guan, a total of 40 pieces of silk, 60 pieces of silk, 100 taels of winter clothes, 70 people with clothing and food, and a monthly salary of 1,200 bunches of charcoal and 1,600 scales of salt every year. In this way, a senior official would always have more than 100 guan per year.

With more officials, the court paid not only his salary and related treatment, but also his job consumption, which is a bottomless pit. It is estimated that all officials and officials' offices spend about tens of millions of yuan per year.

As for the "redundant soldiers", let alone the imperial guards added more than one million troops, and the annual military expenditure began to be about 40 million jin.

At the same time, the royal family's expenses are increasing. When Emperor Zhenzong held the ceremony of the Great Enjoyment Hall, it cost 12 million yuan at a time. As for the current emperor, let alone, it is too extravagant and extremely expensive, which is difficult to calculate.

Su Che once said in his memorial that there are expenses for raising officials and soldiers in this dynasty, and there are gifts for Khitan and Xixia people. Now the emperor has dug a big hole for himself to spend the rest. If this situation cannot be fundamentally changed, if the treasury wants to make a surplus, unless the sun comes out from the west. The reason why the treasury is empty is because of the "three redundant" problem. The "three redundant" problem is not solved and the root cause is not solved. This crisis will never be reversed. However, the "three redundant" is directly related to the interests of the country, the interests of the emperor, the interests of the old and the new parties, and it will affect the whole body. Therefore, both factions are not willing to implement major changes in this regard, so they enter a dead end. Everyone is desperately trying to make a fuss about economic policies and try to solve the problem with more money. Especially when Cai Jing's hands, they have brought the "controlled economy" to the extreme. However, things went against their wishes. The result of the implementation of the new policy is completely contrary to the original intention of his predecessors.

At this point, the internal crisis of the Song Dynasty finally reached a situation that was enough to threaten the country's demise.

Li Gang said it for a long time, and finally asked: "Is this reason OK to use the minister?"

Li Hu was silent for a long time and sighed, "The watermelon is rotten, can it still be eaten?"

Li Gang smiled slightly and replied confidently: "The Song Dynasty is a big tree with lush branches and leaves. Although the roots have been rotten halfway, as long as you take care of them carefully, they will grow taller." The inheritance of the new law implemented.

Jianzhong, Chongfa, Xining: The first year of the land of the Song Huizong area was Jianzhong Jingguo, and the tendency was very clear: "Jianzhong" means being impartial between the old and the new, and being righteous; "Jingguo" means emphasizing that stability and unity are the top priority over all the places. If this is true, the political situation in the future may be a different atmosphere, but unfortunately he changed his original intention in the blink of an eye. The next year, the reign of Chongning was changed, indicating that he would respect the political policies of Xining. Although he and Prime Minister Cai Jing were still under the banner of the new law, what he did had nothing to do with the new law of Xining. As Wang Fuzhi pointed out, Wang Anshi carefully planned the new law of the land, "eight out of ten people who survived in name only but died in reality."
Chapter completed!