"Let me first talk about the current development status of medicine and biology at home and abroad. Let me explain it clearly in a few words." Yang Rui thought for a while and said: "In short, since the 1970s, it was the golden period for the development of new drugs in the world. A series of original drugs and imitation innovative drugs were launched one after another. The first β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, histamine H2 receptor blockers cimetidine and ranitidine were all the first cases. There were many patients saved and the profits were also very high. This brought about the development of new drug research theory for nearly 20 years, and the development of various technical platforms and methods was also very fast. As for now, China has not kept up with the times at all."

Yang Rui glanced at the three of them and saw that they were indeed listening, and continued: "At present, our backwardness in new drug research cannot be changed in a short period of time. The reason is very simple. Our country has no money. As for now, the investment in new drug research and development is around US$400 million per drug, but this number will soar rapidly. As I expect, by the end of the 1980s, the capital cost of a new drug will rise to US$1 billion to US$1.5 billion, and the R&D cycle will increase to 10 to 12 years..."

Yang Rui made a prediction without caring about it, but he didn't know that this kind of prediction rarely appears when giving lectures to the big guys - it would be fine if you guessed correctly, but wouldn't it be over if you guessed wrong?

Yang Rui was not afraid of these things. He talked about many issues in drug research and development without scruples, and spread the domestic biopharmaceutical industry.

He was so familiar with these contents that he could say accurately and thoroughly without thinking too much.

The three listeners were also very serious. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the few high-tech industries in China that can earn foreign exchange. Although it is very difficult to be high-tech compared to the international level, it is still a very important industry after all. It is naturally necessary to learn about it in two hours.

Mr. Tang even took out his notebook and made a brief record. When Yang Rui paused, he asked: "Yang Rui, I heard that you made a new drug and sold it to foreigners. It is of great value?"

Yang Rui said without hesitation: "Yes, I signed a milestone contract, with a total value of more than ten million US dollars."

The three big guys looked at each other, but no one asked where the money had gone.

However, Mr. Tang asked with great interest: "Is it possible to develop such a drug in China?"

Yang Rui thought for a while and said, "Although I don't want to say it, I think it's unlikely."

"kindness?"

"New drug development is a probabilistic problem. Now, the cost of developing a new compound is US$50 million. Of course, US$5 million may be able to be done, but US$5 million may not be obtained. Therefore, in order not to lose all your money, the US$50 million budget needs to be prepared." Yang Rui paused for a moment and said: "The domestic budget cost may be higher. After all, there is no equipment or anything, so you have to buy all new ones. What I am talking about is making new compounds, just like what I did before. If the complete drug development is longer, the efficiency is lower, and it is more unrealistic."

"So, domestic pharmaceutical companies cannot make original medicines?" Mr. Tang looked a little regretful, probably because he was the type of person who could not see the loss of profits.

After thinking a little, Yang Rui said: "I agree to make generic drugs first and then original drugs, but the goal of making generic drugs should be to make original drugs, rather than just copy them all the way."

Yang Rui paused and said, "Intellectual property and patent protection are the basis for new drug research and development. Otherwise, no company would use $1 billion to make wedding dresses for people."

When he said this, he naturally thought of the history of generic drugs in India. Later India had become a pure generic drug country, and their national policies required pharmaceutical companies to force authorization. Of course, in India, this system and regulations are still incomplete.

So, Yang Rui once again said in the form of prediction: "There is a fundamental difference between developing the generic drug industry with the goal of original drugs and developing the generic drug industry with the goal of generic drugs. Japan is currently following the previous path and has seen the dawn. The Indian government is currently following the next path, and it is expected to achieve considerable results..."

Immediately afterwards, Yang Rui said the policies that India would implement and said: "I guess that India's generic drug industry can be bigger. However, those who make generic drugs will ultimately be limited by original drugs. Changes in policies and even changes in international forms will affect their industries and are not very suitable for China to learn."

What the three big guys want to hear is naturally the national level content, and Yang Rui's answer is also very attractive.

The pharmaceutical industry is a trillion-dollar industry in the world, and it is one of the top major industries. Moreover, it consumes very little resources and belongs to the category of extremely high added value. Countries with a little bit of ideas cannot be regarded as lightly.

"So, if we in China want to develop with the goal of original medicines, do you think it is feasible?" Mr. Tang asked about the specific steps, which is already the level of policy consultation.

Yang Rui thought seriously for a moment and said, "Overall, I think four or five five-year plans should be able to see results. However, the cost of drug research and development is so high, enterprises should be the main body and fully consider the benefits. Otherwise, no matter how rich the national finance is, it will not support such a long and huge investment. For now, I think implementing GMP is a good strategy."

“GMP is a production quality management specification?”

"Yes, GMP is not an end, but a means. There are still too many problems for domestic pharmaceutical companies. Whether it is the experience of the United States, Japan, or Nordic experience, pharmaceutical companies are the bigger and stronger, and mergers and reorganizations are also inevitable ways. There are currently more than 4,000 pharmaceutical companies in China. There are too many. Generic drugs that make generic drugs are unevenly divided, so they develop original drugs..." Yang Rui laughed twice, then shook his head, and said unscathingly: "I think it is a lot for domestic pharmaceutical companies to maintain around 100. In the short term, it is necessary to control the scale of pharmaceutical companies to 1,000."

Historically, the implementation of the GMP system has reduced China's pharmaceutical companies from 4,000 to 2,000, and Yang Rui's attitude is naturally more resolute and radical. After all, the small pharmaceutical factories with annual output value of hundreds of millions of yuan are basically evil species produced by local protection, and there is no market competitiveness at all. Some pharmaceutical companies are even in a loss-making state now - with the government's public power to provide raw material guarantees and the government procurement of drugs, they can still cause losses. Not to mention value, such pharmaceutical companies are all fake and inferior products, but patients do not have the right to choose and resist.

The three big bosses couldn't help but fall into deep thought, and Qiao Gong suddenly felt more energetic. He agreed to carry out large-scale mergers and reorganizations of domestic enterprises. Starting from pharmaceutical companies, it was a reason for the law. If the entire industry could be shut down and merged, it would naturally be more in line with his governance philosophy.

The governance philosophy of Mr. Tang and Mr. Li should be more peaceful, but Yang Rui's statements have shaken their positions.

Indeed, there are really too many of 4,000 pharmaceutical companies.

China's economic policies have always tended to be large and comprehensive, because under the planned economy system, small and beautiful companies almost do not exist, and they also mean management costs that are so high that they are difficult to achieve.

China's railway industry, heavy machinery manufacturing industry, petroleum industry, finance, communications, aerospace and other fields are all dominant or monopoly models. At present, they are all industries that operate better, especially compared with industries such as coal mines and textiles, where management efficiency and profit margins are not a small part.

If the pharmaceutical industry wants to develop, 4,000 pharmaceutical companies will definitely not work. It can even be said that the existence of 4,000 pharmaceutical companies has challenged the survival of the entire pharmaceutical industry. Now there are outsourcing orders from abroad, which makes many pharmaceutical companies live quite prosperous, but how long can it last with such low-end imports and exports?

Therefore, it is almost necessary to reduce the scale of pharmaceutical companies.

Mr. Tang and Mr. Li asked several questions in a row, and after Yang Rui answered, they gradually fell into deep thought.

Qiao Gongcheng said: "Yang Rui, shutting down and turning it over is a big proposition, so you can talk about it too."

Yang Rui hesitated for a moment and said, "This is a management subject."

"You just talk about pharmaceutical companies. The pharmaceutical industry is your own business. Besides, haven't you had any suggestions on this before?" Qiao Gong sold Yang Rui to the stage without hesitation.

Yang Rui refused to let go, hesitated for a moment, and said, "In my opinion, what pharmaceutical companies need most is capital, followed by technology and equipment, and the demand for manpower is the lowest. Compared with the machinery manufacturing industry, the degree of automation of pharmaceutical companies can be improved very high. Therefore, although skilled workers are required, the number requirements are actually reduced. In other words, the most important financial integration of mergers and reorganization of pharmaceutical companies is followed by technological improvement and complementarity, and then the addition and complementarity of equipment. Finally, it is probably to divert a large number of workers."

Yang Rui did not use words such as elimination or layoffs, because before the concept of "laid-off" was proposed, workers were a lifelong profession, and occasionally state-owned enterprises that were shut down and transferred were redistributed to work.

Despite this, diversion is still a cruel and inevitable topic.

Gong Qiao had a long idea, looked at Tang and Li, and said, "I think what Yang Rui said makes sense. If we do a pilot, we will use the Jingxi Pharmaceutical Factory, which is illegal in production, as the pilot. How about it?"

"The scale of Jingxi Pharmaceutical Factory is very large." Mr. Tang looked up.

Gong Qiao wanted to be big and immediately said: "The big has great benefits, and can fully discover problems. Furthermore, the handling opinions reported by the Ministry of Health are to shut down and transfer them. This is ready-made test materials."

Mr. Tang didn't say anything, but Mr. Li said, "I agree, but we can't simply shut down the matter. Even if we deal with it, we have to deal with it, it is meaningful."

"I agree, we can analyze it now." Qiao Gong was energetic, his eyes shining brightly.

...

Hereby explain that the original Weibo account of Bird Dog is: the diligent Shinno Village

As the name suggests, don't mess it up.

The name of WeChat subscription account: Zhiniao Village
Chapter completed!