Chapter 5 Governing Southwest China Section 4 Economic Reform (2)
Zhuang Jihua's inauguration ceremony had been prepared long ago... The group of people left by Liu Xiang were actually very capable. In terms of civil affairs, Zhang Sike, Deng Hanxiang, Qiao Yifu, Liu Xingchen and other people are all talented people among Sichuan people. Deng Hanxiang acted as the provincial chairman after Liu Xiang passed away and managed the provincial government in an orderly manner. Zhuang Jihua's inauguration ceremony had been prepared long ago. Zhuang Jihua asked him to review it as soon as Zhuang Jihua arrived. As a result, Zhuang Jihua announced his destruction with a stroke of his pen. The next morning, a small-scale inauguration ceremony was held, and then a message was posted in the newspaper.
Deng Hanxiang was helpless and a little dissatisfied with his behavior, but unexpectedly, Zhuang Jihua brought him and the Finance Minister Liu Hangchen to Sichuan University in the afternoon.
Liu Hangchen was a student of Ma Yinchu when he was at Peking University. Ma Yinchu also invited him to come to Chengdu this time, but neither of them was a person who was restrained and did not have the kind of traditional teacher and student constraints.
"Teacher is so happy." Liu Hangchen looked around while saying hello. Ma Yinchu's residence was very elegant, with a unique courtyard. This house was originally a house of Sichuan University. After Zhang Lan presided over the Sichuan University, he recruited talents from all over the country to teach at Sichuan University, so he prepared a batch of such housing, but Sichuan was remote. In addition, several universities in Chongqing competed for him with people, and these houses were not fully occupied. The remaining few became guesthouses for temporary visiting scholars. Not only Ma Yinchu lives here, but Liang Shuming also lives next to him.
"Mr. Ma is not a good person, he is sitting firmly on Diaoyutai." Deng Hanxiang also spoke casually. He didn't know much about Ma Yinchu, but knew that this person was very good at economics. Zhuang Jihua brought them here to discuss with him, and this matter must be related to Zhuang Jihua's future governance.
"Brother Mingjie, you are wrong. Mr. Ma was specially asked to leave him. I asked him for some questions." Zhuang Jihua was not polite, and he pulled a chair and sat opposite Ma Yinchu.
Ma Yinchu was helpless about their Wuji, so he had to go with them. He turned around and wanted to pour water, but Zhuang Jihua grabbed him, turned his head and shouted outside the door: "Wu Ziniu, come in and pour tea, Mr. Ma, don't be polite here."
Wu Ziniu came in and Ma Yinchu quickly told him where the tea was. Zhuang Jihua reached out and asked him to sit down: "I don't know what you like, so I brought some coffee and tea, so you just let it go."
Ma Yinchu smiled when he heard this: "Since that's the case, I'd rather obey my destiny." After that, he sat down and asked: "This time Ma came to Chengdu and discussed with Chairman Zhuang. He thought he would have to wait for two or three days, but he didn't expect that Chairman Zhuang would come today, and Ma was really frightened."
"Mr. Ma, you'd better call me the Cultural Revolution," Zhuang Jihua was very respectful: "In terms of grades, you are older than me, and you are a senior; in terms of knowledge, you have long been a professor at Peking University, and you have many students all over the world. As for me, except for the officials who are older than you, you are nothing else. You still call me the Cultural Revolution. Brother Mingjie and Brother Hangchen also call me like this."
Ma Yinchu waved his hand and smiled, "Okay, Cultural Revolution, you just came back from the front line. I want to know how much do you know about the current financial situation?"
Zhuang Jihua's eyes narrowed: "I heard Mr. Jingjiang say something in Chongqing, but I don't know much. Mr. is an expert in this area. Can you talk in detail?"
"The initial approval was that the fiat currency issuance volume was 1.8 billion, but the current issuance volume is 12 billion, an increase of nearly ten times. The result of large-scale currency issuance, on the one hand, it stimulated the development of industry and commerce, and the relocation of factories quickly resumed production; on the other hand, it also led to a surge in prices. Now, various prices in Chongqing are more than doubled compared to the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and hyperinflation has emerged. The situation must change, otherwise, a comprehensive hyperinflation will break out within two years at the latest... What's more worrying is that fiat currency is actually non-exchange currency, which means that fiat currency is not a currency that can be directly exchanged for gold. The issuance of fiat currency is based on government credit. Once the currency value collapses, it will inevitably shake people's trust in the government, and the consequences are more terrible than losing Nanjing and Shanghai."
In the next half hour, Ma Yinchu introduced the current financial situation in detail and predicted the bad consequences of the transitional release of currency. Zhuang Jihua and the other two listened quietly at first, but later couldn't help but start talking.
"Mr. Ma, since that's the case, how do you think it should be solved? Should we reduce the currency induction and withdraw the currency in transition?" Deng Hanxiang asked with a frown.
"It is not a sudden recovery, it will cause a shortage of funds. It should be gradually recovered through the form of a debt bank. The main reason for excessive monetary investment is the huge number of troops, excessive military expenditure, and national financial difficulties. Another reason is that the national fiscal expenditure lacks planning and unreasonable tax revenue." Ma Yinchu replied.
"Is the tax revenue reasonable? How is Mr. Ma's tax revenue unreasonable?" Zhuang Jihua asked, "How to change it?"
"Since the War of Resistance Against Japan, ordinary people have been scrambling to sacrifice for the country, but a few high-ranking officials and nobles have been employed to hoard goods and obtain hundreds of times huge profits. This is to make money from the national crisis and be ill-gotten. He should be subject to heavy taxes, and in addition, he can also be subject to inheritance taxes for those who are heavy money. In this way, the currency is reduced and the value of the currency is stabilized."
Zhuang Jihua shook his head slightly in his heart. Not to mention whether Ma Yinchu's plan was right or not, it would be very difficult to implement it, including inheritance tax and huge profit tax. Not to mention now, even if he traveled through the 21st century before, it would not be implemented in China.
"Teacher, even if you impose inheritance tax and huge profit tax, it will take several years to discuss this tax. The collection method will take several years to discuss it. And there are many ways to evade taxes. If those people transfer their property to the concession or the occupied areas, you will not be able to investigate it." Liu Hangchen obviously disagrees with Ma Yinchu's opinion: "I think inflation is not that scary. What's scary is that people's income cannot keep up with the rise in prices. Moreover, it is a war period, and fiscal expenditures are bound to increase greatly, and reducing military expenditures will definitely not work."
"Hangchen, the number of soldiers is not large but the quality is the essence, and he will no longer be brave but the planning; but now there are many troops, and the internal corruption is serious. Even Kong Xiangxi said that the actual number of some troops is only 50%, and the amount of vacancy has become an important source of corruption among military generals." Ma Yinchu said sadly: "On the one hand, the national finances are already so difficult that he has to be forced to print paper money to overcome the crisis; but on the other hand, the money obtained by drinking poison to quench thirst is worthless. Isn't this heartbreaking?"
Zhuang Jihua thought silently, but at this time, a noisy sound came from the door. Zhuang Jihua quickly stood up and walked to the door, but found that Liang Shuming and an old man were arguing with Shi Shaoxian Wu Ziniu. The old man looked excited.
"Wu Ziniu, what are you doing?" Zhuang Jihua was a little surprised. Wu Ziniu followed him for many years and should have known his habits. Why did this happen?
Wu Ziniu turned around and saw Zhuang Jihua, and immediately ran over: "Report, this old man is coming in. We ask him to wait for a while, but he didn't expect that he would get angry."
Zhuang Jihua looked at Liang Shuming and the old man, and strictly said that Wu Ziniu and Shi Shaoxian did nothing wrong. They were implementing the Guards Ordinance. This list became more complete and strict after the assassination.
"That is Mr. Liu. He once presided over the compilation of Hangzhou Tongzhi. He had just come from Hong Kong. His cousin planned to ask him to be a professor in the Chinese department." Ma Yinchu said behind Zhuang Jihua.
Zhuang Jihua nodded slightly and said to Wu Ziniu: "Please come here, two gentlemen. This is a school, so you should pay attention to the influence."
Ziniu agreed loudly and went over. After a while, Liang Shuming and Mr. Liu came over. The Mr. Liu was still angry and scolded him while walking: "It is a humiliation of this mansion, and the world is declining, it is a humiliation of this mansion and a humiliation of this mansion."
Seeing his famous scholars acting like a group of celebrities, Zhuang Jihua couldn't help but feel a little disgusted. He didn't respond and just looked at them silently. When they came over, he took the lead in clasping his fists at Liang Shuming: "Mr. Liang, I didn't expect to meet again like this."
"I didn't expect it," Liang Shuming smiled faintly: "General Zhuang, we are taking the liberty today, and I hope we won't disturb you."
"There is there, there. Let's talk together." Zhuang Jihua said, turning sideways: "Please, Mr. Liang, Mr. Liu."
Ma Yinchu clearly felt that Zhuang Jihua's attitude towards Liang Shuming was much colder than yesterday, and he almost ignored Mr. Liu and did not allow him to introduce it at all. He thought that this was because the two of them collided with his guards, and he thought to find time to resolve it for them.
When Liang Shuming returned to the room, he found that Deng Hanxiang, the Secretary-General of the Provincial Government, and Liu Hangchen, the Minister of Finance, were also present. He knew that he had come here unfortunately today, so Zhuang Jihua and Ma Yinchu must be discussing something serious.
He was a little sorry for Zhuang Jihua and said, "Chairman Zhuang, you have moved the provincial government to Brother Yinchu's house."
Zhuang Jihua laughed: "Mr. Liang, the provincial government of the National Government is so simple, and our country's citizens will be blessed. Mr. Liang, please sit down, we will just chat with Mr. Ma."
"Then you continue talking. Mr. Liu and I don't understand finance, so we say goodbye first." Liang Shuming had a smile on his lips. He lived with him next to him. Ma Yinchu had talked to him about finance, so he guessed something about what they were talking about. After that, Liang Shuming turned around and wanted to leave.
Deng Hanxiang stood up and tried to stay and said, "Mr. Liang is a great Confucian scholar. You should know that one law is connected and a hundred laws are connected. Financial issues are related to people's livelihood and the future of the War of Resistance. Mr. cannot retreat."
Liang Shuming shook his head gently. Before he could say anything, the Mr. Liu said disdainfully: "Since that's the case, it's okay to listen. Isn't it just a needle, thread, firewood, rice, oil and salt?"
The already awkward atmosphere became even more awkward now. Ma Yinchu sighed slightly. He knew this old friend, who was arrogant and well-written, envied traditional famous people's behavior, and was very dissatisfied with the domineering behavior of soldiers now. However, today's place...
"Cultural Revolution, let's continue talking," Ma Yinchu had to bring back the topic first to ease the atmosphere. Zhuang Jihua also smiled slightly: "Okay, let's continue talking."
He paused to finish his disrupted thoughts: "Mr. Ma, I just said that some people in the army have eaten the vacancies, and even military spending is wasted. That's right."
Ma Yinchu nodded, and Zhuang Jihua continued to say: "Mr. Ma, everyone knows this situation, and the Chairman also knows that some of the subordinates of General Liu Xiang of the Sichuan Army do this. Why don't they investigate it strictly? They are not fools, with huge military expenditures and limited fiscal revenue. Don't they want the country to be better and their hometowns are better? No, but there is no way, they have to do so."
At this time, a contemptuous voice came from the side. Zhuang Jihua didn't have to look back and knew who made it. Ma Yinchu felt nervous, worried that Zhuang Jihua would be angry. He knew that if an economist like him wanted to play a role, he would have to get the support of politicians. If Zhuang Jihua left, his efforts would be wasted.
Fortunately, Zhuang Jihua's face did not change his expression, as if he had not heard it, and continued: "To understand this reason, you must understand the current reality of China. Mr. Ma, I am not trying to defend anyone, but the actual situation."
Zhuang Jihua said sincerely: "We must admit that the National Government has never unified China. Even before the Lugou Bridge Incident, the National Government has never unified China. Even the legal currency was only issued in three to five years. Mr. Ma, the issuance process of the legal currency can explain this status quo. You admit it."
Ma Yinchu nodded. He participated in the entire process of issuing fiat currency. Of course, he knew the difficulties. The final establishment of the fiat currency was after the quellation of the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident.
"I have been fighting on the front line for two years and I am confident that I have a say in the situation of the army." Zhuang Jihua stood up and thought, "There are indeed some bad troops in the Central Army and local army. The phenomenon of vacancies is also common, but sometimes it is difficult for me to take this empty salary track. Why? The military salary paid to soldiers by the National Government is not high, and most troops have not received full salary. The prices are extremely high. The prices in Chengdu and Chongqing are quite good. The prices in Henan and Shandong are so amazing. Just that little food costs, soldiers are not full at all. At this time, the vacancy will play a role and can be used to supplement the insufficient military salary of the army. Secondly, the education level of Chinese soldiers is low. Before joining the army, they are mostly farmers who are ignorant of big words. It is better to give him a medal."
"And that's right," Zhuang Jihua said hesitantly: "The central government has now praised a bad reputation, which is to use the anti-Japanese war to eliminate miscellaneous brands. Mr. Ma, if you want to reduce your army, you may flee with your army, or surrender to the Japanese, or say to Mr. Ma, be welcome, if you take such action, I will probably reduce the army on the front line by one quarter."
Before Ma Yinchu could speak, Mr. Liu's cold voice came from behind: "Is General Zhuang worried that they would surrender to the enemy or the Communist Party?"
Zhuang Jihua's expression stagnated, suppressing the anger in his heart, turned his head and asked, "So what should I do with Mr. Liu's opinion?"
"The army that has made contributions to the war of resistance should be expanded, and those that have failed in the war of resistance should be reduced, or even cancelled, saving military expenses to the soldiers who have made contributions." Mr. Liu said without hesitation.
"Then how to distinguish between merit or not?" Zhuang Jihua continued.
"That's not simple. You are a general. Do you still know which troops have made merits and which troops have failed?" Mr. Liu said bluntly: "If you don't even know this, I think you, the general, have nothing to do with a false reputation."
Ma Yinchu knew that the matter was broken, and even if Zhuang Jihua didn't care, the matter would probably not be settled. Sure enough, Zhuang Jihua turned around and stared at Mr. Liu for a long time, and a smile slowly appeared on his face.
"To be honest, Mr. Liu, sometimes I really don't know how to distinguish military merits. Mr. Liu is a talented person. I will tell me some of the situation and ask Mr. Liu to help me distinguish one or two of them. These situations are my personal experiences, and are by no means fictitious."
If Wu Ziniu or Gong Xiuhua were present, he knew that Zhuang Jihua was about to get rid of people. Ma Yinchu didn't understand Zhuang Jihua. Although Deng Hanxiang and Liu Hangchen didn't know what was going to happen, they knew that the next thing might not be so good. However, they both couldn't stand Mr. Liu's style and wanted him to eat something. The two sat quietly beside him and waited to watch the show.
Mr. Li was a little surprised for a moment, and Ma Yinchu and Liang Shuming were at a loss. Liang Shuming cleared his throat and prepared to speak, but Zhuang Jihua didn't give him a chance.
"Mr. Liu, take the Nanjing Defense War as an example. We retreated from Shanghai to Nanjing. Along the way, the 24th Army, the 36th Division, the 87th Division, and the 88th Division were cut off. They retreated from the suburbs of Shanghai to the edge of Nanjing City, and lost their troops along the way. Later, Lishui counterattacked, Lan Yundong, and An Enfu led his troops to counterattack, annihilated the main force of the Ueno Brigade in one fell swoop, and repelled the Japanese army nearly a hundred miles away. After that, General Sun Zhen commanded the 102nd Army to launch a counterattack in Guangde and annihilate most of the two Japanese divisions. After the war, do you think their troops have made more contributions?" Zhuang Jihua asked with a frown.
Mr. Liu was stunned. He thought for a long time and suddenly sneered: "General Zhuang is testing me. Didn't the general have already rewarded me with me? Is he still commenting again?"
"The loss of land is a great crime, and the army's combat effectiveness is extremely low; it is a great contribution to the siege of cities and territories and annihilation of stubborn enemies; but this is not the case in war, there are battles that can chew bones and meat. After retreating and breaking, protecting the entire army, this is to chew bones, Lishui counterattack, Guangde counterattack, although it annihilated many enemies, its contribution to the battle is not as good as the 24th Army, Thirty-six, Eighty-seven, and Eighty-eighth Divisions."
"By the same reason, in the first battle of Jinpu Road, Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun defended Linyi, and the troops were losing more than 80%, but they still fought to the death and won the victory of Linyi's counterattack. In the second battle of Jinpu Road, General Deng Xihou commanded the southern line to block, Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun and Tang Enbo blocked the western line, and Sun Tong and Sun Lianzhong defended the Taishan defense line. These are all battles of chewing bones, but their contributions were not as good as those of Yucheng's counterattack. Without their sacrifice, there would be no victory of Yucheng's counterattack."
"As the same goes for equipment, Zhang Zizhong, Pang Bingxun, and Sun Lianzhong's troops have poor equipment, especially Pang Bingxun's 40th Army. It can be said that some soldiers did not even have guns. But in this kind of troops, no one escaped during the Linyi War, the division commander fought for bayonets on the front line, dragging the Itagaki Division, known as the Steel Army, to Linyi. Then again, did they eat the vacancy? Let me tell you the fact that they also eat, and they still eat the vacancy, otherwise they would not be able to lead the troops. It can be said that only the Central Army."
Mr. Liu was speechless. He didn't expect that there were so many stories behind the publicity of the good news. Of course, the aggressive momentum just now was gone, but Zhuang Jihua still didn't plan to let him go.
"Scholars are good at being loyal, but they can't do anything with all their dynasties, and this has been the case in all dynasties."
Mr. Liang Shuming was a little worried and smiled: "It seems that we are really ideal in our work. Brother Liu, national affairs are like high houses. Even if there are minor repairs, we must be careful."
Ma Yinchu certainly understood Liang Shuming's intention. He immediately smiled and continued his topic: "Brother Liang said this well. The country is a huge machine. You must be careful if you want to move the parts on it. Just talk about finance. According to the Cultural Revolution, it is not possible to reduce military expenditure. Since that is the case, where should we start?"
"This problem is very complicated, because currency is a double-edged sword," Zhuang Jihua thought about it and said: "I have a plan, but it's very disturbing. It's not just about financial issues."
Deng Hanxiang and Liu Hangchen exchanged glances with each other, knowing that Zhuang Jihua would not take advantage of the victory again, Liu Hangchen felt a little regretful. He looked down on those literati who regarded themselves as extraordinary at Peking University, and thought they were so sad all day long that they really wanted them to do things, but they couldn't do it.
"Brother Cultural Revolution, just open up and let me see it." Liu Hangchen really didn't think that Zhuang Jihua could come up with any good solutions. He considered himself the number one financial management expert in Sichuan. Even in China, Song Ziwen and Kong Xiangxi were not in his eyes. Apart from his teacher Ma Yinchu, he really looked down on anyone.
Liu Hangchen has been in the army for quite some time. As soon as Ma Yinchu took out his proposal, he knew that this would not work at all. The generals of the army could not give up on the army. Since his teacher could not come up with a solution, he wanted Zhuang Jihua to come up with any solution.
Zhuang Jihua, Ma Yinchu and Liu Hangchen, Chen Ning said for a moment: "Mr. Ma, Brother Hangchen, I wonder if you have any research on the Soviet economy?"
Hearing this, Deng Hanxiang's hand trembled when he was lighting a cigarette, and the fire could not be lit. Liu Hangchen was stunned. The cigar in his hand almost fell to the ground. Ma Yinchu frowned. The Soviet Union and Russia implemented a planned economy, and he had never studied this economic situation.
"Cultural Revolution, you mean to use the Soviet Union's planned economy to solve the current financial risks, is that right?" Ma Yinchu asked with a frown.
Zhuang Jihua nodded. Ma Yinchu felt unsure of it when he thought about it, and was very strange: "But this planned economy is completely different from our country's economy. Besides, how can we solve financial risks in the form of a planned economy?"
"Commodity prices are ultimately determined by supply and demand. The most fundamental reason for the rise in prices is the insufficient supply of goods."
Zhuang Jihua's words made Ma Yinchu look at it with admiration. The supply and demand relationship determines commodity prices. This theory was known to middle school students decades later, but only a few economists in this era knew. Chiang Ching-kuo went to the Soviet Union to study, but he still didn't know that in 1949, he fought tigers in Shanghai and failed in the end. The real reason was to solve commercial problems through political means. Business is business and must abide by the laws of business. If he had sufficient commodities, there was no need to fight tigers at all.
Liu Hangchen was excited and put away his thoughts of underestimating Zhuang Jihua. The matches burned out. Deng Hanxiang threw them away in pain and quickly said, "Cultural Revolution, this is a gcd thing, so be careful."
"Prudent, what's the point of being cautious," Zhuang Jihua said lightly: "Brother Mingjie, there is an old saying among Sichuan people that a black cat and a white cat catches a mouse is a good cat. As long as it can solve the problem, no matter whether it is a GCD or an alien, then use it. To be honest, a considerable part of Chongqing's social reform is to learn from the Soviet Union, such as the news, which is the Soviet Union's method." He paused and added: "A little Chinese element was added."
"Puchi," Deng Hanxiang burst into laughter: "The left-wing reporters were making noise a few days ago. It turned out that they came from their ancestors. What else do they say now?"
"It's okay to say that the news is, how can this planned economy be covered by the Three Principles of the People? I want to hear your thoughts in the Cultural Revolution." Ma Yinchu was not interested in the press, he was more concerned about economic issues.
"That's how I think about it," Zhuang Jihua took full advantage of his efforts and began to put forward his ideas: "If there are insufficient commodities, then subdivide the goods, control the necessary daily necessities, implement a specialization, and state pricing, such as grain, cloth, cooking oil, soap, etc. These things are all specialized by the state, and private transactions are prohibited; every month, the state will issue grain coupons, cloth coupons, oil coupons, and soap coupons to each resident according to their household registration; and stipulate the purchase quantity of each ticket."
"For example, my family of four people, adults have a fixed amount of 30 kilograms of rice, 10 kilograms of flour, and 10 kilograms of oil per month. Minors, different rations are determined according to their age, and 10-year-old children are halved, and sixteen-year-old children are the same as adults, etc. These details can be agreed upon, which will curb the residents' requirements for transitional consumption, reduce prices, and at the same time, currency can be recovered through debt rolls and other forms to reduce the market circulation of currency."
"What about purchasing grain?" Liu Hangchen thought about a key issue. At this moment, the arrogance in his heart had been completely abandoned: "The biggest difference between us and Russia is that the land of the Soviet Union belongs to the state, so they can purchase grains for national pricing. Our grains are private. If the country's pricing is too low, it will seriously damage the interests of farmers, and farmers will not sell the grain to the state."
"You are right, this is a very serious problem," Zhuang Jihua scratched the back of his head and said with some distress: "It will affect the whole body. In addition to food, there are also areas that are implemented. Only Sichuan and one place can be implemented at the same time. At least it must be implemented at the same time in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan to produce results."
Chapter completed!