The whole morning, Bi Fang worked enthusiastically.

Not only did he have to lengthen the chimney, he also had to make a blower.

The overall shape of the finally completed blower is like a large sealed water scoop, with the fan blades located in the water-holding part of the scoop.

Only the long rod connecting the air outlet and fan blades and the very bottom are empty.

"The bottom is hollow, so that when the fan is damaged, we can easily replace the fan blades, and the blower is finally buckled to the ground, which is equivalent to using the earth as a back cover."

Bi Fang found three logs, inserted two in front of the blast furnace, placed one horizontally on it, and tied it with hemp rope.

In the middle of the bottom of the horizontal branch, Bifang dug a small hole and inserted the long rod connected to the fan so that the long rod could rotate freely while being constrained.

"We can apply some animal oil in the pit to help lubricate it, and then we can make a bow string, which can be used similar to the bow drilling method to make fire."

Take out a piece of hemp rope, wrap it around the long pole, and tie the head and tail sections to another branch. Bifang holds the branch and pulls it back and forth. The rope immediately drives the long pole to rotate, and the long pole drives the fan to stir the airflow.

All the airflow is restrained inside the blower, ejected from the only outlet, and enters the blast furnace. The fire instantly rises to a higher level!

[The performance now is Erquan Yingyue, who is personally performed by Boss Fang! 】

[Lao Fang must have been a skilled craftsman in ancient times!]

【Six-six great success】

[With these skills, if you go back to primitive society and definitely dominate one side, you can only open ten harems!]

[The power of ten harems? So terrifying!]

[At least he must be a fire god priest, in charge of fire and tribal supplies. 】

[Physical turbine]

Bi Fangyou made a long, curved mouth, put it on the spout of the bellows, and blew it straight at the burning coals. The fire snake on top of the furnace mouth instantly spurted out, almost half a meter high. Just by looking at it,

You can feel the high temperature just by looking.

Looking down from the top of the furnace cover, the fire was so bright that it was blinding, and it must have exceeded a thousand degrees.

In the afternoon, after finishing his meal, Bi Fang put the iron ingots into a new pottery bowl, sprinkled it with plant ash, and placed it in the middle of the furnace bridge.

Whether it is success or failure depends on this time.

A chimney more than three meters high, charcoal, and a blower, even the iron smelting of ancient people only had this configuration.

A working iron dagger?

At this point, Bi Fang is no longer satisfied with just making an iron knife, he wants steel!

steel!?

Bi Xiang showed his ambition to the audience.

Everyone was shocked by the reality. After smelting iron before, they saw that Bi Fang was already like a god. Now they heard that he wanted to forge steel?

It seems that the altar is higher.

In the eyes of ordinary people, iron and steel are almost two different things, and the difficulty of forging them is even more different.

Of course, I wouldn’t be able to do it anyway.

"Is anyone studying engineering materials?"

Bi Fang sat on the ground, pulled the branches in his hands, and kept blowing the wind.

"The iron we most often come into contact with is not industrial pure iron on the left side of the iron-carbon phase diagram, but industrial pig iron, that is, hypoeutectic white iron, whose carbon content is between 2.1% and 4.3%, and 'steel' refers to

It is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content between 0.02% and 2.06%.”

"We will add different alloying elements according to needs to make alloy steel and stainless steel. Therefore, steelmaking is to consume the excess carbon in the pig iron by reacting with oxygen under high temperature conditions!"

Let alone industrial pig iron, the piece of impurity in Bi Fang's hand was so impurity that it would be an exaggeration to call it iron ore.

There is a lump of iron in the impurities.

Modern steelmaking methods all oxidize and decarburize pig iron in a liquid state to form liquid steel, which is called liquid steelmaking and requires a high temperature of about 1,600 degrees.

In ancient times, such high temperatures could not be reached, so lower temperature processes could only be adopted: such as block smelting of carburized steel, fried steel, etc.

"During the Western Han Dynasty, due to the improvement of blast technology, the flame temperature could stably reach over 1,200 degrees, and decarburization from pig iron needs to be carried out under such high temperature conditions."

"Although I have all the blast furnaces, blowers, and charcoal, they are still relatively rough and cannot reach this level. But the temperature is definitely over a thousand degrees, so I want to try making hundreds of steel."

There is no mystery to the technology of Baili Steel. It involves repeatedly heating and forging iron to remove carbon and impurities. The final product is called Baili Steel.

The simplest method of turning iron into steel is also the most physically demanding.

"Of course, I'm not sure whether it will succeed or not. It just depends on luck."

Even if steel forging fails, it will not affect Bi Fang's ability to make an iron knife. It is all a process of removing impurities and obtaining good iron.

"It's a pity that we don't have iron ore, otherwise we could try the steel frying method."

Steel frying is an important technology invented by the Chinese.

But this technology almost caused the ancient Chinese to use plug-ins. After that, this technology was exclusively owned by the Chinese for more than a thousand years.

"The military reversal of the Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu was not only due to good horses that evened out the speed gap, but more importantly, the weapons were much more sophisticated than the Xiongnu. Steel was too advanced for that era."

There are five Hu soldiers and one Han soldier. Which one? Their weapons are dull and blunt, and their bows and crossbows are useless.

Now I heard that the Han people are quite clever, but they are still three but one.

This is the original words of Chen Tang in "Hanshu".

This means that the reason why it takes five Xiongnu to defeat one Han army is because their equipment is not good enough.

Not to mention copper, pig iron is just dregs in front of hundreds of steel-making, not to mention that according to research, the material used in large quantities by the Huns at that time was cattle and sheep bones.

How to fight this?

Gu Wei

There's a Gundam opposite!

"So many experts in the history of chemistry are still very curious. We in China are not the first to discover iron. The history of using iron is nearly a thousand years later than that of the Mesopotamia. But it only took two hundred years to achieve such a big evolution. In the end,

What the underlying cause is is unclear."

【It’s an alien!】

【China is a lion in the East!】

[Asians are really smart, at least in mathematics]

【We are hardworking and brave!】

"Steel-making is a method used before frying steel. It involves repeatedly heating, folding and forging iron to allow it to react with oxygen in the air, consuming carbon. It can also make the steel's structure dense, its composition uniform, and its impurities reduced, thereby improving the steel's properties.

quality."

Bi Fang changed his hand to pull the bellows, and at the same time used a wooden stick to stir the bright orange iron in the furnace to increase oxygen contact.

"However, pig iron may not always be smelted into steel. In addition to the smelting technology, it also has a lot to do with the quality of the iron itself, which may contain sulfur, manganese and other elements. The same technology may be effective or not.

"

"So when we read stories such as Gan Jiang Mo Xie, we often see that the sword cannot be made. This may be a true reflection of ancient metallurgical technology, but the ancients would make up for it, such as punishment from God."

Whether it is the ancients or ordinary people in society, they basically do not understand the difference in carbon content in iron and steel. They only know that they are used differently.

This is true of empiricism.

The audience in front of the screen also looked very knowledgeable.

[I learned it before, but I forgot all the details]

[This is a real bullfrog, dreaming back to class]

How much steel can Bifang make with this bit of iron?

The ancients also gave the answer long ago.

There are two arithmetic problems in the section "Weighing Weights and Weights" in the volume "Xiahou Yang's Arithmetic Classic" written between the Jin and Sui Dynasties.

Question 1: There are 6,281 kilograms of pig iron now. We need to smelt yellow iron, and we lose 5 taels per kilogram. How much yellow iron can we get?

Answer: Yellow iron weighs 4,318 pounds and 3 taels.

Question 2: Now there are 4,318 kilograms and 3 taels of yellow iron. It needs to be smelted into steel. A loss of 3 taels per kilogram is required. How much steel can be produced?

Answer: 3508 pounds of steel, 8 taels, 10 baht, 5 pounds.

In ancient times, 1 pound was 16 taels, and yellow iron was wrought iron.

From 6281 kilograms of pig iron to about 3508.5 kilograms of steel.

Consumed more than half.

There were more impurities in Bi Fang's hand and more consumption. After all, it was exactly the weight of a steel dagger!

I don’t know if it was fate or something else, but Bi Fang, who originally thought he would get a knife for twenty pieces of cake, was slapped in the face by reality. As a result, he could only get a steel knife.

Of course, not necessarily.
To be continued...