On the other hand, Rockefeller devoted himself to philanthropy in the last 40 years of his life, mainly in the fields of education and medicine. He officially ended direct management of Standard Oil in 1897, but retained most of his shares. He funded the establishment of the Rockefeller Research Institute

The institute funded medical research in North America, including the eradication of duodenal parasites and yellow fever. He helped Hideyo Noguchi’s research and contributed greatly to the discovery of antibiotics. What’s also rare is that he cared very much about the black community and criticized the

He invested heavily in improving black education and establishing schools extensively. He was also a devout Northern Baptist and supported many church-backed institutions throughout his life.

Today's two top universities in the United States: the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University were founded by him. Landmarks left by the Rockefeller family can be seen everywhere in New York City today, such as the United Nations Headquarters Building, Rockefeller Center, etc.

Rockefeller firmly believed that the purpose of his life was to "earn as much money as possible from other viciously competitive businessmen, and use the money to develop causes that benefit mankind." He became an unprecedented rich man by various means, but he did not

He did not smoke, drink, gamble or engage in sex. He was diligent, frugal and self-sufficient throughout his life. In his later years, he donated most of his property to fund charity and research, setting a precedent for American rich people to do good. He wrote a letter to today's rich people such as Bill Gates and Warren Buffett.

He set a precedent and made him one of the most legendary and controversial figures in modern American history.

Before the energy group appeared, and when the world was still using oil, every move of this monopolist affected every nerve of the international oil market. He created an unprecedented joint venture trust. John?

Rockefeller monopolized the U.S. oil industry through aggressive mergers and expansion, and was known as the "Oil King." Bill Gates, the world's richest man, regarded Rockefeller as his only idol: "The money-making hero in my mind has only one name."

, that is Rockefeller. The 53-story skyscraper of Rockefeller Center is located on Fifth Avenue in New York, USA. It is also the location of Standard Oil Company. When Standard Oil was founded (1870), there were only 5 people.

In the 1900s, the company had 300,000 shareholders, more than 500 oil tankers, and annual revenue of 50 to 60 billion US dollars. It can be said that every move here affects every nerve of the international oil market. The entire center is like a huge empire.

The founder of this empire was Rockefeller. Rockefeller created an unprecedented joint venture trust. Under this trust structure, he merged more than 40 manufacturers and monopolized 80% of the country's oil refining industry and 90% of the oil pipeline business. Soon,

Trusts spread rapidly across the United States and in various industries. Obviously, Rockefeller successfully created a unique era of monopoly in American history.

In 1858, Rockefeller borrowed US$1,000 from his father and added US$800 of his own savings to establish a grain and meat company in partnership with Clark, who was 10 years older than him. This year, he was only 19 years old.

John Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839, in a small town called Yangjia on the Hudson River in New York State. Most of the early rich people in the United States succeeded by chance, but John Rockefeller was an exception. He was not versatile, but,

He is extremely calm, shrewd and far-sighted. With his unique courage and means, he started from scratch and built his huge oil empire step by step.

In 1855, after graduating from high school, John Rockefeller decided to give up the opportunity to go to college and make a living in the business world. On September 26 of that year, he became an accounting clerk in a grain business with a weekly salary of $4. He was founded at the age of 19

The company was the first company that Rockefeller founded in his life. Due to the smooth operation, he did a business of 10,000 US dollars in the first year and made a net profit of 4,000 US dollars.

By the end of the second year, they made a net profit of 10,000 US dollars, and Rockefeller received 6,000 US dollars. Rockefeller was always ambitious and confident when doing business, and at the same time he was true to his word and treated people sincerely. Clark, his initial partner, was very careful about Rockefeller's work.

I admire him very much. He described the situation at that time and said: "He is extremely organized and pays attention to details. If there is a penny that should be given to us, he will take it. If there is a penny less for the customer, he will also ask the customer to take it."

.'

At this time, oil had been discovered in Pennsylvania, and thousands of people flocked to the oil production areas. For a time, the land of Pennsylvania was lined with derricks. Crude oil production increased rapidly. The calm Rockefeller did not act blindly. After on-site inspection

, he decided not to invest in crude oil production because there were already 72 oil wells there, with a daily production of 1,165 barrels, and the demand for oil was limited, so the oil market was bound to fall. The development of things was indeed as expected by Rockefeller.

Not enough money'.

Due to the crazy oil drilling, oil prices fell one after another. A barrel of crude oil plummeted from 20 US dollars to only 10 cents. Those oil drilling pioneers lost one by one.

Three years later, when crude oil plummeted again and again, Rockefeller believed that the time had come to invest in oil, which was beyond ordinary people's expectations. He and Clark jointly invested US$4,000 and opened an oil refining company in partnership with Andrews, an Englishman who worked in a refinery.

Plant. Andrews used a new technology to refine kerosene, and the oil plant developed rapidly. Rockefeller later bought the company's shares from Clark at a high price, renamed the company 'Rockefeller Andrews Company', and started his business full of hope.

oil industry.

He quickly expanded the oil refining equipment, with daily oil production reaching 500 barrels, and annual sales exceeding one million US dollars. Rockefeller's company became the largest oil refining company in Cleveland.

At that time, the order of the oil industry was still very chaotic, with overproduction, poor quality, chaotic prices, and fierce competition was already emerging. Rockefeller's company was like a small boat in the ocean, with the danger of sinking at any time. At this time, Rockefeller sobered up

He realized that he must expand his business. Only a bigger ship could withstand the impact of stormy waves. He persuaded his brother William to join in, established a second oil refining company, and sent him to New York to run oil refineries.

Export trade and open up the European market as soon as possible.

Before William left for New York, the brothers made a vow with great ambition: 'We will expand and expand again. The more funds we have, the richer our development capital will be. We will dominate the world.'

Although Rockefeller had no clear idea of ​​the "super empire" he was going to create at the time, he was extremely confident in the future of the company and his personal future. He sat in command of the overall situation at his headquarters in Cleveland and dealt with all challenges.

The far-sighted Rockefeller turned his attention to the international market from the beginning. He opened an office in New York to sell the company's products to the East Coast and abroad. He cut all costs as much as possible, for example, he made his own oil barrels and bought a

A chemical company, he made his own sulfuric acid for oil refining; in order to avoid paying railway transportation costs, he also purchased oil ships and oil pipelines. The thrifty habits he developed when he was young were used by Rockefeller in production and brought huge benefits.

Rockefeller was keen on alliances between companies, and he united two investment partners with strong funds and good reputations. Three years later, on January 10, 1870, they jointly created a new company with a total capital of US$1 million.

Standard Oil Company. As the founder and president of the company, Rockefeller obtained 14 shares of the company. At that time, he was only 30 years old. Scientific management, sophisticated operations and high-quality products earned Standard Oil a reputation.

, and also had solid competitiveness. When Rockefeller first entered the oil industry in 1865, there were 55 refineries in Cleveland. By 1870, when Standard Oil Company was established, only 26 survived. By the end of 1872, Standard Oil Company controlled these 26 refineries.

With 21 companies in his family, Rockefeller's oil empire was gradually taking shape.

Rockefeller saw that as his oil empire continued to develop, the danger of being difficult to control due to its size was also increasing. This shortcoming attracted special attention from him.

One day, Rockefeller found an article in a public publication. It said: "The era of small businessmen is over. The era of big enterprises is coming." He felt that this coincided with his monopoly thoughts, so he highly praised the article.

Evaluation, and hired Dodd, the author of the article, as a legal consultant with a monthly salary of up to 500 US dollars.

After Dodd was hired, he tried every possible means to find legal loopholes for Rockefeller's company in order to repay his kindness. One day, when he was carefully studying the trust system in "British Law", he suddenly had inspiration and came up with the term "trust".

The concept of monopoly organization.

What is a 'trust'? It means that multiple companies that produce similar products no longer work independently, but form a comprehensive enterprise group in a highly joint form. This form is different from the original 'cartel'. That is, the individual

The way independent enterprises form a united front in production and sales in order to control the market is much more monopolistic.

Rockefeller used Dodd's 'trust' theory to convene the Standard Oil Company's shareholders' meeting on January 20, 1882. A nine-member 'trustee committee' was formed to take charge of all Standard Oil Company stocks and stocks of affiliated companies. Rockefeller was elected

He was the chairman of the committee. Subsequently, the Trustee Committee issued 700,000 trust certificates. Rockefeller and other four people alone owned more than 460,000 certificates, accounting for 23% of the total.

In this way, Rockefeller got his wish and created an unprecedented joint venture trust. Under this trust structure, Rockefeller merged more than 40 manufacturers and monopolized 80% of the country's oil refining industry and 90% of the oil pipeline business.

Soon, trusts spread rapidly across the United States and in various industries. In a short period of time, this form of monopoly organization accounted for 90% of the U.S. economy. Obviously, Rockefeller successfully created a unique phenomenon in American history.

The era of monopoly.

In the 1880s, Rockefeller aggressively expanded overseas markets to Western Europe and China. American technology had made Standard Company's products superior to European products, and Standard Company thus won the kerosene market in most parts of Europe. In China, Standard Company

It created a brand new market. It distributed millions of cheap oil lamps so that Chinese people could buy and light Standard Company's kerosene. People called it "Lighting the Light of Asia". In this way, Standard Company took a step forward

Step by step, the oil market will be expanded from Europe to Asia, and then to the whole world.

In 1884, Rockefeller moved the Standard Oil headquarters from Cleveland to New York, becoming the world's largest oil conglomerate. John Rockefeller became the unrivaled and well-known 'oil king' at home and abroad. The Standard Oil Company changed its name several times, and was finally named Mobil.

Oil companies.

In 1896, 57-year-old Rockefeller retired. After his retirement, Rockefeller devoted almost all his energy to developing philanthropy. Since the 1890s, his annual donations have exceeded US$1 million. In 1913, he established the

The Rockefeller Foundation'. is specifically responsible for donations. His total donations amounted to as much as 500 million U.S. dollars. Later generations followed his approach and donated a total of 2.5 billion U.S. dollars by 1950. The foundation named after him has trained 3 secretaries of state and 12 secretaries of state.

A Nobel Prize winner in medicine and numerous scientists. China Peking Union Medical College Hospital, known as "Asia's top medical school", was built with donations from the Rockefeller Foundation.

Rockefeller lived for another 41 years after his retirement. On May 23, 1937, 98-year-old Rockefeller died in his villa in Ormond Beach. His descendants inherited his business. The Rockefeller family became the top 10 largest family in the United States.

One of the super rich and one of the most prestigious families in the United States today. His grandson Nelson Rockefeller once became the Vice President of the United States, and his other grandson David Rockefeller is a famous banker.

Although Rockefeller's life had so many different aspects, what he will ultimately be remembered by the world may still be purely the scale of his wealth. In 1902, Rockefeller's property was 200 million US dollars, while the U.S. GDP was 24 billion US dollars. As

With the modernization of the United States and the massive increase in energy demand, his wealth continued to soar rapidly, reaching about 900 million US dollars on the eve of World War I. According to the New York Times: "It is estimated that after retirement, Mr. Rockefeller made a fortune from his shares in the Standard Oil Trust and

Other investments resulted in a fortune of approximately $1,500,000,000, which was probably the maximum that any private American citizen could accumulate by his own efforts." At the time of his death in 1937, the total value of his wealth was estimated at $1.4 billion, and

The GDP of the United States is US$92 billion. If converted by the percentage of wealth in the GDP of the United States, the elderly Rockefeller is undoubtedly the richest man in modern American history, not any famous American super-rich - including Bill Gates or Sam Walton -

possible comparison.

Rockefeller's wealth continued to help his descendants in philanthropy, business, and politics throughout the twentieth century. His grandson David Rockefeller is a major American banker and serves as the CEO of Chase Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase)

CEO for over 20 years. Another grandson, Winthrop Rockefeller, is the Republican Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States. The third grandson, Winthrop Rockefeller, is the Republican Governor of Arkansas. The great-grandson 'jay' Rockefellerivi is the Democratic Senator for West Virginia.

Congressman and former governor of the state. Another great-grandson, Winthroppaul Rockefeller, served as the lieutenant governor of Arkansas for 10 years.

These figures on the surface are already so famous, but secretly, this Matt is the representative of the Rockefeller family in the Skull and Bones Society. Although this guy cannot be the same as those ancient families, he also has his own position, this giant

The squid plan is in charge of this Matt.

This Matt Rockefeller would never have thought that Gogol had just called him yesterday and that Li Cong would appear in front of him today. What he couldn't believe was that Li Cong would actually run to the United States at this time.

Come, you must know that this is not an ordinary place. This is definitely not what Li Cong wanted to come here. Moreover, look at Li Cong’s entourage. She is just a beautiful and outrageous woman. Although the energy group has many assets in the United States,

If the top brass of the Skull and Bones Society knew that Li Cong was here, they would definitely bring huge trouble to Li Cong. This is for sure, and Li Cong believed this very much.

"Haha, Mr. Matt, is this your way of hospitality? Can I come in?" Li Cong said with a smile, as if he was at an old friend's house. Matt said "Ah" and hurriedly

Step aside to let Li Cong in, and then look around him to make sure no one is following Li Cong. Li Cong smiles when he sees it. Since he dares to come to you, those tails and the like will definitely be cleaned up. Besides,

Who can recognize me now? To be continued...
Chapter completed!