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"Mr. Li, actually I think you should have asked me these questions a long time ago. Since I want to cooperate with you, I have to introduce you to my background. Yes, I have all the things you mentioned, and

I still have many useful things that I hope can be investigated by Mr. Li. After all, there are not many people who can interest Mr. Li. Frankly speaking, I am a descendant of the Habsburg dynasty." Another prince came out.

Disciple, this was something Li never thought of. Although he had long known that the guy in front of him must have various identities, no matter how much he thought about it, he never thought that he was a descendant of the dynasty. You must know that these princes and nobles are generally

They would all be dead when their empire was destroyed. Unexpectedly, it was actually preserved.

The Habsburg dynasty he is talking about here is not just a country that ruled in Europe. The Habsburg dynasty (house of habsburg hapsburg) is the royal family with the widest ruling area in European history.

Members of his family have served as Holy Roman Emperors (1273-1291, 1298-1806), Dukes of Austria (1282-1453), Grand Dukes (1453-1804), and Emperors (1804-1918)

, King of Hungary (1526-1918), King of Bohemia (1526-1918), King of Spain (1516-1700), King of Portugal (1580-1640), Emperor of Mexico (1864-

1867) and the dukes of several Italian principalities.

The Habsburg dynasty multiplied widely in the later period, resulting in three branches: the Austrian Habsburg dynasty, the Spanish Habsburg dynasty and the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Li Cong also admired this family very much, although

They were no longer the same country later on, but at least they all had the same ancestors.

"Mr. Li, I know you have a lot of information about this dynasty, but to be honest, you often don't know as much as I do. I can tell you everything about this dynasty. I also hope that Mr. Li

After listening to this, you can support me to restore the glory of the family." Li Cong nodded after listening to this guy's words. No matter how good an outsider's investigation agency is, it doesn't matter. After all, the most detailed information is his own.

.

The Habsburg family originated in the Aargau canton in northern Switzerland, and built an eagle castle in 1020, named Habsburg, and gradually expanded their power to the west bank of the Rhine. In 1273, Rudolf, Duke of Habsburg

I was elected king of Germany (but not crowned emperor). On December 27, 1282, Rudolf I seized the principalities of Austria and Stylich occupied by King Ottokar II of Bohemia, and immediately divided them among his two

Sons Albrecht and Rudolf, Austria has been under the possession of the Habsburg royal family for more than 600 years.

After the death of Rudolf I in 1291, Adolf of the Nassau family was elected king, but was quickly rejected because of his alliance with England. Rudolf I's son Albrecht was elected as the rival king, and defeated Adolf in 1298.

, officially ascended the throne. In 1308, Albrecht I was killed by his nephew John of Swabia. Since then, although Albrecht's second son Frederick was elected as the rival king, he and Ludwig of Bavaria

However, in the next 100 years, the power of the Habsburg family began to retreat to the family territories mainly in Austria, and included southern Alsace, Breisgau and other parts of the empire.

The territories were gradually put under the rule. During the 14th century, the newly established Swiss Confederation continued to expand to southern Germany, causing the Habsburg family to lose the Eagle Castle established by their ancestors. Since then, the base of the Habsburg dynasty has officially been established in southern Switzerland.

Eagleburg, transferred to Vienna in Lower Austria, where the House of Habsburg also became known as the House of Austria.

This can be said to be the origin of the Habsburg dynasty. The subsequent rule of this family in Austria officially allowed them to stand at the top of Europe and have their own position in the upper class society.

After losing the Holy Roman throne, the Habsburg family continued to maintain Austria and Stilich as territories. Successive Austrian Dukes continued to expand the scope of the duchy's rule, and in the mid-14th century began to call themselves "Grand Dukes" in order to compete with the elector.

The title competed with the power of the Marquis, but the title was not recognized by Emperor Charles IV.

The Habsburgs divided the Principality of Austria into several provincial rulers, which eventually led to the division of inner and outer Austria. In 1379, two brothers of the Habsburg family, Albrecht III (Albrecht III) and Leopold

German III (Leopold III.) signed an agreement. Albrecht's descendants would own the Grand Duchy of Austria (later known as Lower Austria), which is today's central and eastern Austria, while Leopold's descendants would sit in the Principality of Outer Austria.

The territory it ruled included today's western Austria, southern Alsace and the territories in southwestern Germany.

The internal and external divisions of Austria were not unified by the extinction of the Albrecht branch in 1450. The two branches of the Leopold branch, the Old Tyrol branch and the Styrian branch, controlled different areas.

Territory. It was not until 1490, when the old Tyrolean branch died out, that the Habsburg family territories were unified by Maximilian I of the Styrian branch.

In 1422, Duke Albert V of Inner Austria married Elizabeth of Luxembourg, the only concubine of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia, and was designated as Sigismund's heir.

In 1437, Sigismund died of illness, and Albrecht successively ascended the throne as the King of Germany, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia (Albrecht II, not crowned emperor) the following year. From then on, Kazakhstan

The Busburg family held the throne of the Holy Roman Empire (except from 1742 to 1745) until the fall of the empire.

But not long after, in 1439, Albrecht was buried on the battlefield, leaving behind a posthumous son, Ladislaus. The Duke of Austria and the throne of the Holy Roman Empire were subsequently succeeded by Frederick III, a cousin of Albrecht's with the same surname.

Ladislaus succeeded to the throne of Hungary and Bohemia as soon as he was born (called Ladislaus V and Ladislav I respectively). But unfortunately, the young Habsburg master was soon murdered, leaving him

The family lost control of Hungary and Bohemia.

On November 23, 1453, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III promoted the Principality of Austria to a Grand Duchy, which greatly improved the status of the Habsburg Dynasty and even Austria in Europe. It also provided a foundation for the further expansion of the dynasty, and the dynasty gradually

Entering its heyday.

The power of the Habsburg royal family was further enhanced through royal marriages during the reign of Maximilian I (1493-1519), son of Frederick III. Maximilian himself, in 1477

On August 18, he married Mary of Burgundy, the only daughter of the Duke of Burgundy. This marriage merged all the territories belonging to the Duchy of Burgundy from southern France to the Netherlands into the territory of the Habsburg royal family.

Maximilian's son, Philip the Handsome, married Spanish Crown Princess Juana in 1496 and founded the Spanish Habsburg Dynasty. However, Philip also gave his mother the territory of the Duke of Burgundy.

The Spanish royal family planted the fuse that led to the War of Spanish Succession.

Maximilian's grandson, the future Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, married Anne of Bohemia on May 25, 1521. The following year, Ferdinand's sister

Princess Maria (Maria of Austria) married King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (Louis II of Hungary & Bohemia). These two marriages laid the foundation for Austria's annexation of Bohemia and the formation of the Austro-Hungarian dual empire.

Lower line.

It was through marriage that the Habsburg dynasty exerted influence in Europe, which greatly enhanced the empire's power. Maximilian's carefully arranged political marriage made his grandson Charles V (called Carlos I in Spain) the overlord of Europe. 1506

In 1516, Charles' father, the handsome King Philip, died young, and Charles inherited the position of Duke of Burgundy and became the first ruler of the Spanish Netherlands (today's Netherlands and Belgium). In 1516, Charles's maternal grandfather

, King Ferdinand II of Spain died of illness, and Charles became King Carlos I of Spain. Since then, the whole of Spain, Sicily, Sardinia in southern Italy, the Kingdom of Naples and Spanish colonies in the Americas have all become Habsburgs

The domain of the Fort dynasty.

In 1519, Charles's grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, died of illness. Charles succeeded to the throne as Charles V and inherited the family's governance of Austria and Alsace.

At this time, Charles V became the European monarch who ruled the most territory, but he still continued to go to war, such as to deal with the invasion of the Protestants and the Tuman Empire. Therefore, the internal affairs of the country ruled by Charles V were mostly handled by his agents.

The agent in Spain was his son Prince Philip (later Philip II), and in Austria it was his brother Archduke Ferdinand (later Ferdinand I).

Although the territory of the Habsburg dynasty has become the largest in Europe, the dynasty's campaign for expansion has not stopped.

On August 29, 1526, Louis II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Suleiman the Miracle King, the Sultan of Jatuman Turkey, fought a fierce battle in Mohács near Budapest, the capital of Hungary, known in history as the First Mohác.

Battle of the Red Sea. The Turkish army defeated the Hungarian army, and Louis unfortunately died on the battlefield. However, the Tuman Empire did not occupy Hungary for a long time, but withdrew its troops in September. At this time, the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand, the younger brother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V,

He succeeded King of Hungary and Bohemia as Louis' brother-in-law. Although there were contenders in Hungary, they were quickly put down. Since then, Hungary, Bohemia and Moravia have been under the Habsburg

It was under the rule of the Habsburg Empire until 1918. Silesia (today's southern Poland) also temporarily became the territory of the Habsburg Empire.

In 1556, after Charles V failed in his last effort to defeat the Protestant forces, Charles V began to withdraw from political life. Therefore, he decided to hand over the throne of Spain and the Archduke of Austria to his two agents respectively, and let their respective descendants

Their own throne is hereditary and cannot be passed on to each other. Since then, the Habsburg dynasty has been officially divided into the Austrian branch and the Spanish branch. The situation of one person ruling the dynasty territory during the period of Charles V no longer occurred.

"Mr. Li, if it can be prevented, I don't want my family to split at this time. Although the dynasty seems to have developed faster after the split, I feel that this is the reason for our failure."

Everyone is very happy when talking about the glory of his family, especially when talking about a successful guy like Li Cong.

Li Cong nodded and motioned for the guy to continue. Because he was building a huge empire, he would definitely need a lot of experience. It would not hurt to learn more.

In 1556, Charles V surrendered the position of Archduke of Austria to his brother Ferdinand I, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and made Ferdinand the heir to the Holy Roman Empire. However, according to Charles's will, Ferdinand and his descendants

Losing the right to succeed as King of Spain. This move made Ferdinand the first monarch of the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. From then on, the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty ruled Austria, Hungary and Bohemia until Karl VI in 1740.

After the death of Maria Theresa, Maria Theresa succeeded to the throne and passed through 10 generations of monarchs. These two hundred years were also the period with the most wars in European history. After that, the two major European camps broke out to compete for the Austrian throne and gain interests in Austria.

Succession War.

Queen Isabella of Castile died of illness in 1504. Because her sons with King Ferdinand II of Aragon died in infancy, Isabella

After the death of Queen Joanna (Joanna the Mad), she inherited the throne of Castile. Philip, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, served as Joanna's husband and supervised the palace together with his father-in-law Ferdinand.

After Ferdinand died of illness in 1516, Juana and Philip's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy (Spanish name: Carlos; German name: Karl, later Charles V) inherited Spain (Carlos).

The throne of Styria and Aragon was for Carlos I. Later, in 1556, he gave the throne of Spain to his son Philip II (Philip II) and abolished the inheritance of the Austrian title by Philip and his descendants.

Rights, officially opened the preface of the Spanish Habsburg Dynasty.

In 1700, the death of King Carlos II of Spain ended the five generations of Habsburg rule over Spain. Under the pressure of the palace dignitaries, he passed the throne to his aunt, the daughter of Philip III.

Maria Theresa and Philip, Duke of Anjou (later Philip V), the grandson of King Louis XIV of France, were strongly dissatisfied with the Austrian branch of Habsburg, which allied with Britain and went to war with France. This was known as the Spanish Throne in history.

In the War of Succession, the Spanish Bourbons eventually returned the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, Sicily and some other Italian territories to Austria in exchange for Austria's recognition of the Bourbons' right to inherit the Spanish throne.

At about the same time, another branch of the Habsburg dynasty was not doing well. On October 20, 1740, the Holy Roman Emperor Karl VI died. Neither Karl nor his brother had male descendants, so his eldest son

His daughter Maria Theresa succeeded him as Archduke of Austria and the throne of Bohemia and Hungary. And his son-in-law, Duke Franz of Lorraine, was elected Holy Roman Emperor on September 13, 1745. After that, Emperor Franz

Adding his wife's surname in front of his own surname, their descendants all adopt the surname "Habsburg-Lorraine". Since then, Austria has entered the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, and Emperor Franz and Maria?

Empress Theresa became the founder of the dynasty. The dynasty went through several changes, including the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by French Emperor Napoleon I in 1806. However, the Habsburg monarch at the time, the former Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, had already disbanded in 1804.

The various Habsburg territories were integrated and renamed Austrian Emperor Franz in response to Napoleon's proclaimed emperor. In 1867, in order to resolve the impact of the defeat of the Austro-Prussian War on the empire, the Austrian Empire was renamed the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Dual rule was implemented. The dynasty was overthrown in 1918 due to its failure in World War I. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was immediately dismembered, Austria established a republic, and the Habsburg royal family was forced to go into exile.

The Spanish Habsburg dynasty died extinct in 1700, while the Austrian dynasty became extinct in 1740 and was immediately replaced by the offshoot Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty until the empire was replaced by the Republic in 1918. Today, some Habsburgs

The descendants of the royal family still survive and have settled in Austria, Liechtenstein and Germany. Their current patriarch is Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria and a former member of the European Parliament. At this point, the Habsburg dynasty can be said to have withdrawn.

out of people's sight.

The Habsburg dynasty is the most important, most influential, and most widely ruled royal family in European history. Members of this family have served as monarchs of Austria, Hungary, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. However, by the 18th century, this family had

However, the latest research by scientists has found that incest marriage may be the main reason for the decline of this European royal family.

It was a popular tradition for members of the Habsburg royal family to marry their relatives in order to keep the family bloodline pure. But this had terrible consequences for their descendants, and these genetic diseases manifested themselves in the last direct heir, Charles II.

The most obvious.

Charles II was nicknamed "The Devil" (Spanish: el hechizado) because people at the time believed that his physical and mental illnesses were the result of a witchcraft curse. Charles II could not speak until he was four years old.
To be continued...