Now the Emperor Windsor, who no longer has the enterprising spirit, mingles with scientists without any trouble. This is the most comfortable circle of friends.

On this day, he and four old friends visited a pharmaceutical experimental center at Peking University. They were: Darwin, Libich, Pasteur and Mendel, from Britain, Germany, France, and Austria respectively, and were a pure international combination.

In addition to Li Bixi, the other three scientists are now professors at Peking University. This pharmaceutical experimental center is the most advanced fully automated experimental system in the world today. If an experimental center wants to get the title of the most advanced in the world, of course, it cannot come out of thin air.

Its research basis comes from the more than three million compounds collected by Windsor Hospital over the years. By these painstaking efforts alone, the classified compounds are worthy of value.

The process of pharmaceutical production often starts with these massive compounds. The research team first determines the goals to be achieved and then formulates experimental plans. For example, to work on cardiovascular tissue, the research team must build a set of chemical reaction platforms, conduct experiments in massive compounds, and screen drugs layer by layer.

The entire process is automated, but the funding is limited, so it is impossible to try all compounds every time. You have to choose a certain category and a certain attribute based on certain experience. Unlimited use of all compounds is allowed unless it is a key project.

An experiment in a project involves the replication of compounds, the purchase of experimental products, the construction of platforms, the construction of automatic identification parameters and systems, and further includes animal experiments and clinical experiments. Medical accidents caused by side effects of drugs also involve compensation. A new drug has to be released, which must be spent on millions of euros.

Similar experimental centers have one in almost every important country in the United Nations. Some of them cooperate with companies, and cities like Beijing that do not have any scientific background are directly placed on university campuses.

Pasteur asked the boss: "Have there been any new drug inventions recently?"

Boss Tang: "Yes, there is a more interesting drug. Methylphenidate can treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the side effects are acceptable. In fact, everyone has more or less symptoms of attention deficit. Unless they are the legendary Zen masters who have become Buddhas, their legendary realm may be completely undisturbed by external objects.

Another situation is taking specific narcotic drugs. Judging from the side effects of methylphenidate, there is a great opportunity to become a frequently used drug to focus attention. A major difference between ordinary people and geniuses is whether they can concentrate.

You think, if an ordinary person has an IQ of 100 and another genius has an IQ of 150, it only takes one hour to learn a concept, and an ordinary person has an hour and a half of an hour in theory, is it enough? Then you have to restrain your attention for half an hour than a genius.

It is very likely that geniuses can keep their attention for an hour, and ordinary people will stop eating in 20 minutes. After a while, the gap between ordinary people and geniuses becomes bigger and bigger.

I'm okay now, but maybe one day I have to need methylphenidate to concentrate. I must be really old at that time. How are you doing now?"

The four famous masters present are Li Bixi, the oldest, and he is 71 years old this year. He indeed said that his attention has not been as good as before recently. If there is any important meeting, you may try the efficacy of methylphenidate.

Pasteur said: "This is very useful for surgical doctors. Large-scale surgery can be done for 6 or 7 hours without rest. Wouldn't it be possible to solve many problems if you use this medicine?"

Mendel: "It can also be used during war." He is the least famous among many scientists, but for some reason, Boss Tang also regarded him as an old friend. Boss Tang just decided to enter the semi-retirement stage and naturally lost interest in war. He just smiled when he heard this, which made Mendel smile embarrassedly.

Darwin said: "This student can use it during the exam, but I think the side effects are not small, right? It's better to use it less."

Tang Ning: "Yes, if you don't have it, don't have it. Doctors can use it in this way, and others can forget it. We humans have a very basic "motivation regulation" mechanism. According to relatively reliable estimates, the efficacy of methylphenidate is related to this mechanism.

In a unit of the nervous system, the afferent nerve holds dopamine. When a certain activity is beneficial, a certain amount of dopamine releases dopamine to the efferent nerve, making people feel happy and happy, and making people focus on doing something.

The opposite process is the recycling of dopamine. At this time, through a substance called dopamine movable body, methylphenidate resists the movement of dopamine movable body, making people immerse themselves in a certain activity for a long time.

From this perspective, it is indeed impossible to abuse. This most basic mechanism may cause drug dependence after being disturbed for a long time. It is really hard to be a surgeon."

In fact, Boss Tang has already carried out a lot of research and development of automatic machines for doctors. This kind of machine is not that simple. The first thing to solve is precise three-dimensional image production technology.

As we all know, x-rays are a good thing that can produce internal images of the human body and can be used for diagnosis. The easiest way to produce x-rays is to use accelerated electrons to hit metal plates, which lose energy in the process of losing kinetic energy.

The spectrum of x-ray energy generated by a powerful accelerator in Tianjin can overlap with gamma rays, which is called hard x-rays, and weak x-rays are called soft x-rays.

Most people have seen X-ray imaging of bones, but it can also use a computer to synthesize multiple scanned images into three-dimensional images, providing a more accurate basis for diagnosis. The professional term is called "x-ray tomography", referred to as ct.

Since the birth of X-ray, Windsor Hospital has used it to diagnose various diseases and is also stepping up the development of CT. At present, the CT machine developed by Windsor Hospital, together with ibm and GE, can perform high-speed scanning and imaging of organisms at 360 degrees.

The three-dimensional images modified by software are very exquisite, just like an immortal with a pair of divine eyes that can see through the human body, and show the mystery of life more clearly than the most imaginative myth.

X-rays can produce ionizing radiation. If the dose is used too large, it will cause harm to the human body. Therefore, the team has done a lot of work for the imaging system and has adopted a variety of ways to reduce the dose. First, try to scan only for a certain organ; second, a certain dose cannot be exceeded within a certain time to restore the human body.

Third, try to release scans of only certain bands for the disease. If further diagnosis is required, more bands can be used. The two bands can be avoided, but the data obtained can be combined.

After the release of X-ray technology in Nature, Royal Scotland Hospital was anxious to open a radiology department, not paying much attention to the radiation safety of patients, and was once criticized by Windsor Hospital.

All of these cannot be compared with another technology to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology. It uses the principle that nucleons with non-zero spins can resonate with certain spectrums of incident electromagnetic waves, thereby releasing electromagnetic signals.

70% of the human body is water, and the hydrogen that makes up water is precisely a type of strong signal release. Different human tissues contain different moisture. By analyzing the characteristics of electromagnetic signals, you can obtain the precise information on the nuclear positions of various tissues in the human body.

The three-dimensional information obtained can reach the micron level, which is similar to an optical microscope. If you are willing, you can also give these three-dimensional information a color to get amazing photos of the human body that ordinary people can understand at a glance.

In terms of diagnosing diseases, water-centric MRI imaging also has an unexpected benefit. The water composition at most diseases lesions will change, which can make diagnosis easier.

Since the energy required by nuclear magnetic resonance technology is to produce huge magnetic force, the instrument can be divided into three levels according to the precision level. The first level is permanent magnet of rare earth material, entry-level and cheap; the second level is room-temperature superconducting rare earth material, medium-level; the third level is low-temperature superconducting materials, expensive and super-strong.

For common diseases, use the entry-level one. It does not generate radiation energy that is harmful to the human body. In theory, it can not limit the number of scans of patients. Of course, the cost is also a limitation. The resources of this high-tech equipment are also limited and expensive.

At present, the world's most advanced CT and M Day are all in Windsor Hospital. The closest competitor is Edison Electric's x-ray imaging technology, plane. Since the computing power required for data processing from plane to three-dimensional is astronomical for Edison Electric, the second-in-command in this industry has no chance at all.

Not to mention the exclusive technology of Windsor Hospital, others cannot create such a powerful magnetic field, nor can they experiment with three-dimensional imaging and calculations. If it weren't for Boss Tang's talk about it, the scientists present wouldn't know that there were such powerful equipment.

Now the Windsor Hospital is in a state of far-reaching position, and it is necessary to advance into the field of machine-assisted surgery to reduce the workload of doctors. With the three-dimensional imaging technology of human body, machine surgery has a foundation. The initial task of machine surgery is to perform a variety of heavy surgical tasks such as anesthesia, incision, extraction, cutting, resection, suture, and blood transfusion on behalf of the doctor.

A great advantage of a machine drilling knife is that it can use a laser scalpel perfectly. Because it can calculate how much energy is needed to cut off the target only, this is a big difference between a laser knife and an ordinary scalpel. It is difficult for human flesh to control the depth of the drilling knife.

The laser scalpel has a very fast speed. If the speed of an excellent surgeon is 1, the speed of the laser knife may be 10 or even 100 for the same cutting action. It can greatly reduce the operation time.

The laser knife can also be conducted through optical fibers, which means that minimally invasive surgery can be achieved. Cutting can be performed through a small fiber invasion, which is not much larger than the golden needles of traditional Chinese medicine. Maybe even bleeding will not occur, and blood transfusions will be avoided. It is possible to perform 24-hour surgery on the patient.

Boss Tang introduced the latest medical research projects to everyone one by one, and some of them can be easily visited.

What should I do if I cut the excess tissue from minimally invasive? It is impossible to cut it open and take it out, so for a real minimally invasive surgery, I have to extend another container, chop the excess tissue in the container with a laser knife and remove it. After the carefully designed container is combined with the liquid pump, the large organs can be gradually removed from the body.
Chapter completed!